List of bibliographical sources mentioned in Ortelius’ map texts.
Introduction to this list:
This list consists of all bibliographical sources mentioned in most atlas texts in most editions of Ortelius’ Theatrum. Therefore, this is work in progress. The list has been made by merging all bibliographical listings as they appear for each map after the text of that map in the background section of this website.
This list is ordered alphabetically by author. After a very short biographical introduction of the author, the book or books written by this author are mentioned, with an indication specifying by Ortnumber in which Ortelius maptexts a reference is made to this book. After that, specific references to map-text and paragraph number of that text are given in a separate section. In this section, the first group of references consists of those where the author is mentioned on the mapsheet or in the text on its back, but not the book to which reference is made. The second set consists of references where Books and Chapters of a work of the author in question are given, but not the name of the work, since Ortelius does not mention the book. Usually this can be inferred from other information provided. The third set of references refers to specific works, of which the title is given. Not all three categories occur for all authors.
It is difficult to separate bibliographical and cartographic sources, since most map designers also wrote books. For about one quarter of the sources listed here, biographical data of the sources could be obtained from Brandmaier (1914) which is the only publication so far that made an attempt at identifying and listing Ortelius’ bibliographical sources, albeit a very incomplete one.
Other data have been obtained from a variety of sources including inventories of early printed books, encyclopedias, books on Neolatin, the internet, but most information is derived from catalogues of antiquarian auctions, booksellers and mapsellers, as well as the standard works on Ortelius’ cartographical sources, viz. Meurer (1991) and Karrow (1993) which complement each other conveniently. Yet, this list still has a number of sources that could not be identified as a result of which no biographical or bibliographical data are available. Wherever the interested reader of this list can supply missing information, I would be very grateful indeed, since it will enhance the usefulness of this list. Note that there is no consistency in the naming of authors. Sometimes the first name precedes the last name, sometimes it is not clear what is the first name and what the last. Also, the same author may be referred to under quite different names, e.g. Volaterranus is also called Maffeius. Therefore, I provide many crossreferences, referring the reader to a different name in this list, referring to the same author.
? Codex of Books (Ort227).
? "Digest<arum> Lib<er> (Ort229).
? Digests of Civil Law (Ort212).
? "Dignitatum Libellibus" (Ort196).
? "Epistle to the Hebræans" (Ort182).
? "Liber de Limitibus (Ort207,208,210).
? "Panegyric for Maxim and Constant." (Ort222).
Abilfedea Ismael see Ismael Abilfedea.
Accorso or Accursius, Mariangelo (abt. 1490-1544) of Aquila, Kingdom of Naples, was a great favourite of Charles the Fifth at whose court he resided for 33 years and by whom he was employed on various foreign missions. In discovering and collating ancient manuscripts, for which his travels abroad gave him special opportunities, he displayed uncommon diligence. His work entitled "Diatribæ in Ausonium, Solinum et Ovidium (1524) is a monument of erudition and critical skill. He was the first editor of the Letters of Cassiodorus with his "Treatise on the Soul" (1538), and his edition of Marcellinus Ammianus (abt. 390) of 1533 contains five books more than any previous one. Accorso was accused of plagiarism in his notes on Ausonius.
Achior (?) Story of Judith and Holofernes (Ort182)
Acosta, Emanuel (16th century) was a Spaniard who wrote "Rerum a Societate Jesu in Oriente gestarum ad annum 1563, commentarius recognitus et latinitate donatus. Accessere de japonicis rebus epistolarum lib. IV, in latinum ex hispanico sermone conversi a Jo. Pet. Maffeio" Dillingen Germany 1571, as also "Edit. II libro quito de rebus japonicis aucta" Cologne 1574.
Acosta, Joseph (died in 1599) from Medina del Campo, Spain, belonged to the Jesuits and worked for a long time as a missionary in the West Indies. His work has ethnical, historical and geographical significance. He wrote "Historia natural y moral de las Indas" Sevilla, Spain 1590, 1591, Madrid 1604, translated into Italian by Paolo Galucci, Venice, 1604, and into French by Robert Regnault, Paris 1596. Further "De Natura novi Orbis lib. II" (Ort11), Salamanca Spain 1589, 1595, and "De procuranda Indorum salute libri VI", Cologne 1596.
De Natura Novi Orbis: 11.28, Bk.1, ch.17 12.26
Acron (?) interpreting Horatius (Ort212).
Adam de la Planche see Planche, Adam de la.
Adamæus Theodoricus (died in 1541) of Schwallenberg in Gelria has, next to his edition of Procopius, also written "De ædificiis Iustiniani Imp. De Rhodo insula".
Ort147.20.
Adamus or Adams or Adam of Bremen (11th century) was a scholar in Bremen and the first German geographer. Next to a Church History (Ort85,86,93,161), he also wrote the book "De situ Daniæ".
Ecclesiastical History: Ort85.6, 86.6, 86.10, 161.2, Bk.1: Ort93.3.
Adonis (?)
Ort38.5
Ægidius Tschudi see Tschudi, Ægidius.
Ægidius Petrus (1490-155) of Antwerp, Belgium travelled in the Orient and wrote "Description de la Thrace et de Constantinople".
Ælianus, Claudius (abt. 175-235) came from Italy but wrote in Greek. His most important works are (186,192,193,196,199,200,203,204,205,210,212,213,216,217,218,221,222,224,231) "De Varia Historia, anecdotes about famous personalities (Ort193,196,214,216,231) and "De Animalibus" moralising stories from the animal world with many excerpts from earlier authors (Ort193,203,210,212,224; 206, quoting Theopompus).
Ort117.5, 118.5; Bk.13, ch.3 12.10.
Ælius Antonius see Antonius Ælius.
Ælius Gallus (first century B.C.) was praefect of Egypt from 26-24 B.C. By order of Emperor August he undertook an expedition to Arabia Felix with disastrous results. After six months Gallus was obliged to return to Alexandria, having lost the greater part of his force. He was a friend of the geographer Strabo who gives an account of Gallus’ expedition. (Ort222).
Ælius Spartianus see Antonius Ælius Spartianus,
Æmilius, Paulus (16th century) wrote "De rebus gestis Gallorum libri IX", Paris 1550, a French history (Ort 44).
French History: Ort44.4, 45.4, 54.9
Æneas Sylvius Piccolomini (1405-1464) from Rome, a diplomat and man of letters, crowned poet laureate by Frederick III of Germany, better known since 1457 as Pope Pius II wrote a geographical-historical lexicon of Europe called "Historia Europæ" (Ort99,100,105,106,143,153,168,169), Memmingen 1490 and a Cosmography "Cosmographia vel de mundo universo historiarum liber I" Venice, Italy 1477 dealing mainly with Asia. He has also written "Historia Bohemica" (Ort101,104) and "Description urbus Viennensis" (Ort106). He also wrote "Epistula ad Mahumeta" attempting to convert the Turkish ruler to Christianity. He was an influential writer, well known because of his work "De duobus amantibus", a love story set in Siena telling of the beautiful Lucretia, unhappily married to the wealthy Menelaus, and her lover Euryalus, a German official travelling in the entourage of Emperor Sigismund.
Ort4.6, 5.7, 93.7, 101.9, 101.22, 102.13, 103.13, 107.2, 108.2, 109.7, 111.4, 111.6, 112.6, 114.8, 137.33, 149.8, 155.16; History of Bohemia: Ort101.6, 104.10; Description of Europe: Ort100.4, 105.7, 106.7, 106.9, 143.4, 143.8, 152.7, 153.7, Ch.4: Ort168.8, 169.8, Ch. 23: Ort99.4; Epistles: Ort105.7, 106.7; On Austria: Ort106.9.
Æschylus (c. 525-456 B.C.) is the first of the great Greek tragedy writers (the other two being Sophocles and Euripides). He fought in the Greek army against the Persians. His tragedies won him 13 victories over competitors, the first dating from 484. He is supposed to have written 90 tragedies, 79 titles of which are still known, but only 7 survive: "The Persians", "Seven against Thebe", "The supplicants", and "The Oresteia", consisting of "Agamemnon, Choephoroi, Eumenides". (Ort189).
Æschinus (c.390-314 B.C.) was a Greek orator and envoy involved in politics, and a contemporary of Demosthenes. Three of his orations have survived. His "Epistles" (Ort216) are incorrectly attributed to him and probably date from the 2nd century B.C.
Æsopus (6th century B.C.) (Ort222) is best known for his "Fables", which have not survived in their original form, but through Demetrius of Phaleron (c. 300 B.C.). The first printed edition of Æsopus' fables in Latin appeared in 1479 in Verona, and many edition appeared subsequently, such as the 1485 edition in Latin and Italian in Naples, the 1491-93 edition of Paris, and many more.
Æthicus Beteoricæ (?) (Ort192,193,204,205,209,232).
Ort3.19
Afer, Dionysius, see Dionysius Apher.
Afer, Optatus (?) (Ort203).
Ort123.10.
Africanus Ioannes Leo, see Leo Africanus.
Agatarchides see Agathias.
Agathias or Agathius or Agatharchides the Greek(181-146 B.C.) was a Greek historian and geographer who wrote treatises on Asia, Europe and the Red Sea in the style of Thucydides. (Ort196,200,214,217,221,224) He wrote a "History" (Ort232).
Agricola, Georg (1490-1555) was a German physician and the father of Mineralogy. He wrote numerous works on minerals which were collectively published in Basel in 1550 and 1558. A German edition appeared in 1580, referred to by Ortelius.
Ort96.3.
Agricola, Rudolphus Frisius(15th century) from Friesland spent most of his life in Italy. He wrote "De inventione libri tres", "Obediences to the Pope"(1484), "Life of Petrarca" and an academic oration "De Philosophiae Laudibus"(1476).
Ort81.5
Agrippa Henricus Cornelis de Nettesheim (1486-1535) from Cologne, Germany was a prominent humanist and alchemist who wrote "De Occulta Philosophia" (1531) and travelled all over Western Europe. His works are of importance but not very original, since he derived much from Erasmus, Trithemius and Reuchlin. He was the model for Goeth's Faust.
Ort167.3.
Aimoinus or Ainon (10th century) was a Benedict monk who wrote a history of Franks (Ortelius consistently refers to History of the French) in 5 books, full of fables and legends. It was published with comments by Badius Ascencius in Paris, 1514.
History of the French: Ort34.8, 36.20, 56.7, 57.8
Alarchonius or Alarcon, Ferdinand or Ferdinandus (16th century) was a Spaniard who joined Vasquez’ expedition to the North American west coast (1540-1542) and reported on the coasts there in "Relacion del descrubriemiento de la siete cividades" which Ramusio included in his compilations.
Ort9.40,10.40,11.43
Albacarius or Albricus (?) (Ort194) wrote "Letters" (Ort149).
Letters: Ort149.14.
Albertus or Alberti Leander or Leandro (1479-1552) from Italy (Ort132,210) wrote an influential work describing Italy, called "Descrittione di tutta Italia" (Ort121,122,125,129,131), Bologna 1550, Venice 1561, 1568, 1577 and 1581. It was published in a Latin translation by Wilhelm Kyriander in Cologne, Germany in 1567. Leander quotes Commentaries of Augustinus Iustinianus On Corsica (Ort137).
Ort117.5, 117.41, 118.5, 118.41, 119.3, 119.11, 120.8, 123.10, 127.7, 127.9, 128.8, 130.6, 130.13, 130.21, 132.10, 132.12, 137.18, 137.36, 138.3, 139.9, 141.5, 141.13, 143.9, 143.16; Description of Italy: Ort121.8, 121.16, 122.8. 125.2, 125.7, 129.14, 140.8, quoting Aretino in "Italy": Ort131.7, 131.17; Quoting the Commentaries of Augustinus Iustinianus On Corsica: Ort137.26.
Albinus, Petrus Nivemontius (16th century) (Ort193) was a professor in Wirtenberg and a Historiographer. He wrote a Meissen Chronicle published in Wirtenberg in 1580, further "Historia Thuringorum" and "Commentatiuncula de Walachia" which appeared in Wirtenberg in 1587.
Ort93.4, 96.11.
Albufeda Imâd Eddîn Imâil (1273-1331) was King of Hamat and a significant Arab geographer.
Alcibiades (c.450-404 B.C.) (Ort186) was a Greek politician and army commander , raised by his uncle Pericles and follower of Socrates. He was briljant and ambitious, but also ruthless.
Alcuinus (c. 735-804) of York was an Anglosaxon scholar and librarian wrote a History of Charles the Great (Ort131). He merged ecclesiastical and profane scholarship.
Histories of Charles: Ort131.4.
Aldo Manutio, see Manutio Aldo.
Aldroando, Ulysses (1522-1607) of Bologna, Italy was an archeologist who published "Le Antichità della città di Roma" Venice 1556, mainly dealing with statues from antiquity. He did this with the help of Maurus Lucius.
Ort129.17.
Alexander Andreas see Andreas Alexander.
Alexander, Georgius (?) cited by Volaterranus (Ort147).
As cited by Volaterranus: Ort147.27.
Alexander Neville see Neville, Alexander.
Alexandrinus, Appianus see Appianus Alexandrinus.
Alexandrinus Clemens (?) wrote "Recognitium" (Ort192).
Alexandrinus, Dionysius (?) (Ort232?).
Ort144.6, 145.3.
Alexius Ugonio see Ugonio Alexius.
Alfons de Meneses see Meneses Alfons.
Alliacus or Ailly, Petrus (1350-1420) was a French theologist. He wrote "Tractateus et Sermones" published in Strassbourg in 1481, and again in 1483, "Imago Mundi", published in 1486 and "Les Météores".
Alonso de Ulloa see Ulloa, Alonso de
Alphonsus Hispanus (15th century) wrote "Sigismundiana", a collection of poems.
Ort121.15, 140.7.
Althamer(us), Andreas (16th century) (Ort194) published and commented on Tacitus’ "Germania" in 1529.
Ort56.8, 57.9;(quoting Tacitus' Germania) Ort105.3, 106.3.
Altissiodorensis see Enricus of Auxerre.
Alvaradus or Alvaredo, Pedro or Petrus (died around 1540) from Portugal was a famous explorer who lived for some time in Æthiopia. His travel report, originally written in Portuguese was translated into Latin, Italian, French and German. The Italian translation is considered best, and appeared in Ramusio’s compilations. The French translation by Jean Bellere was published in Antwerp in 1558.
Ort9.32,10.32,11.35
Alvarez, Francesco (1465-1541) of Coimbra, Portugal, was an explorer who visited Aetiopia and wrote about his experiences in "Travels" (Ort175).
Ort8.15; Travels: Ort175.10, 175.17, 175.19.
Alvarez or Alvares, Nunnius (?).
Ort9.34,10.34,11.37
Amadæus, Theodorus of Svallenberg (?) wrote a book on Rhodes (Ort174).
Rhodes: Ort174.4.
Amantius Bartholomæus (16th century) was a lawyer from Landsberg, Germany who published "Florilegium sententiarum græcarum et latinarum" <collection of opinions of the Greek and Romans> in Ingolstadt or Dillingen (Ort1,2,3).
Ort1.59,2.59,3.64
Amaseo, Gregorius (1464-1541) from Udine, Italy wrote a "Descriptio geographica Italiæ et Provinciæ Forojuliensis ad Leandrum Bononiensem". He was a partner of Candidus (Ort119).
Ort119.11.
Amaseus Romulus (mid 16th century) published a Greek Itinerary written by Pausanias as "Pausaniæ, Græciæ descriptio, græce et latine, cum Romuli Amasei versione" in Florence, 1551.
Ambrosio de Morales see Morales Ambrosio de.
Ambrosius, Saint (339-397) (Ort218) was a church father who wrote "Epistle to Rusticus" (Ort196) and "Sermons" (Ort227).
Ammianus Marcellinus (c. 330-395) from Antiochia (Ort186,196,199,200,203,207,208,209,212,213,214,216,217,219,221,222,226), wrote a history of Rome (Ort197,198) published in Rome in 1474. It was intended to be a sequel of Tacitus’ "Annales", starting at the death of Domitianus and ending with the defeat of the Romans by the Goths at Adrianople in 378. This publication was rediscovered by Poggio Braccolini and published by Frobenius in Basel 1533, by Accorso in Augsburg, also in 1533, and by Gelenius in Basel. This history is quoted by Petrus Pithæus in his "Adversaria" (Ort 196).
Ort16.5a, 36.10, 38.2, 42.4, 44.4, 45.4, 47.4, 149.6; Bk.15: 34.9, 36.21, Bk.22: Ort174.5a, Bk.23: Ort7.7, Bk.24: Ort167.3.
Ammonius or Lieven van der Maude (1485-1556) was a humanist of Belgium whpublished a translation in Latin of Chrystostomus' Homily on Providence. He was mostly known because of his Ëpistels".
Ort38.5
Anania, Lorenzo d’ see Ananiensis, Bartholomeus.
Ananiensis or Anania, Bartholomeus or Laurentius or Lorenzo d’ (16th century) from Taverna, Calabria, Italy published "Cosmografia overo l’universale fabrica del mondo" Venice 1582.
Ort3.55; Sermon (in Italian) Ort 1.50
Anastasias (?) (Ort221) is quoted by Glycas (Ort196).
Anaximander (611-547 B.C.) was a Greek philosopher, pupil of Thales, who concentrated on physical phenomena (Ort186).
Anconitanus Cyriacus see Cyriacus Anconitatus.
Andreas Alexander (16th century) was a scholar from Naples, Italy who wrote "Della guerra de Campagna di Roma e del Regno di Napoli nel pontificato di Paolo IV l’anno 1556, 1557" (Ort139), published by Hieronymus Ruscelli in Venice in 1560.
The war between Philip and Paul IV (published by Hieronymus Ruscellus): Ort139.10.
Andreas Althamer see Althamer Andreas.
Andreas Lacuna or Laguna see Laguna.
Andreas Resende see Resende Andreas.
Andreas Schott see Schott Andreas.
Angiolello, Giovanni Maria (15th century) from Vicenza, Italy wrote a history of Mahomet II in Turkish and Italian, entitled "Breve narrazione della vita e fatti del sig. Ussun-Cassano, ré di Persia", published by Ramusio in Venice in 1559.
Ort167.10.
Annius of Viterbo or Viterbiensis or Giovanni Nanni the Unreliable (1430-1502) (Ort207,208) from Viterbo, Italy was a Dominican clergyman who through falsifications created havoc in many scientific publications of his time. His "Antiquitatum variarum volumina XVII cum commentariis" Rome 1498 discusses a series of presumably lost works by Berosus (Ort117), Fabius, Pictor, Cato, Manetho, Sempronius and others. Ortelius does not seem to have been aware that Annius was totally unreliable. His falsifications were also copied by Zanchi.
Ort25.8, 29.6, 30.8, 32.2; Antiquities of Etruria: Ort130.13; Commentaries on Berosus: Ort117.33, 118.33.
Annonius the Monk (?).
Ort87.8, Annonius the Monk 92.17.
Antigon(i)us (?) (Ort203,210,211,214,216,217) wrote "De Mirabilis" <= About Wonders> (Ort203,211,224). He quotes Myrsilius (Ort216).
Ort12.9
Antonini Augusti Itinerarum (Ort228,229,230), a book on the Roman military roads, probably written by Antoninus Pius. In the Renaissance it was published by Christoforus Longolii in Paris 1512, Venice 1518, Florence 1526.
Antonini Augusti Provinciarum, a book on the Roman provinces, probably written by Antoninus Pius, (cf. Hessels nr. 146). Published by the Jesuit Andreas Schott in the early 16th century.
Itineraria Ort1.20
Antoninus (1389-1459), (Ort204,205), Dominican and reformer, was Archbishop from Florence, Italy. He wrote "Confessionale" (Confessions) and a world chronicle.
Ort19.33, 19.34, 19.39w, 19.41y, 54.6, 60.5; History Bk.1, ch.3: Ort1.29,2.29,3.32; Annals of the Roman Empire: 2.20,3.22; Journal Ort107.4, 108.4.
Antoninus Pius see Antonini Augusti Itinerarum and Antonini Augusti Provinciarum.
Antonius Ælius Spartianus (Ort192,199,207,208), (2nd or 3rd century AD) is well known for his "Life of Hadrianus" (Ort199,200).
Ort28.12, 28.30
Antonius Augustus (1517-1586) was Archbishop of Tarragona, Spain. He wrote "Dialogos de las Medallas, Inscripciones y otras anteguetades" (Ort222), Tarragona, 1587 in which he accuses Cyracius Anconitanus of falsifications. Also, he wrote book on ancient coins (Ort31).
Ancient Coins Ch.11: 31.9
Antonius Liberalis (?) (Ort189,210,222,226).
Antonius Possevinus see Possevinus Antonius.
Antonius Veronensis see Veronensis Antonius.
Apher, Dionysius, see Dionysius Apher.
Apianus, Peterus see Appianus, Petrus.
Appianus Alexandrinus (1st century A.D) (Ort187,189,193,203) was a Roman writer who wrote "De civilius bellis historiarum" (published in 1544) about Roman civil war (Ort224).
Ort144.7, 144.8, 144.9, 145.4, 145.5, 145.6.
Appianus Cyracius see Cyracius Appianus.
Appianus or Apianus Petrus, a writer of good reputation and a diligent Chorographer, (1495-1552)(Ort192,199,200,209,213,214,218,223) wrote a "Cosmography" together with Gemma Frisius. He also wrote "Civil Wars" (Ort 142,146,196), a "History of France (Ort197,198), "Peregrination of St Paul" (Ort181), "Mithridatica" (Ort226) and "Annibalica" (Ort206).
Ort1.58, 2.58, 3.63, 136.5; Map of Bayern 110.3, 110.10; Civil wars Bk.1: 146.15, Bk.5: 142.17.
Apitius, Cælius (?) (Ort203).
Appius (?).
Ort136.4.
Apollinaris, Sidonius (?) (Ort43) wrote "Panegyric to Maioranus" (Ort193,196,217) and "Propemptikon" (Ort229).
Ort37.11, 43.9, 49.9, 49.22
Apollo, Orus (?) (Ort219,221).
Apollodorus or Appolodorus (?) (Ort203,217,219,221) wrote "Biblioteca" (Ort216). He is quoted by Strabo (Ort224).
Apollonius Levinus (born in 1510) of Belgium travelled to America and died on such a journey on the Canary islands. He wrote "Libri quinque de Peruviæ regionis inter novi orbis provincias celeberrimæ inventione et rebus in eadem gestis" Antwerp 1567, "De navigatione in terram Floridam, deque clade an. 1565 ab Hispanis accepta" Antwerp 1568.
Ort9.27,10.26,11.30
Apollonius or Appolonius, Rhodius (?) wrote "Argonauts" (Ort186,211,226) and "History of strange and wonderful things" (Ort192) if indeed it is this Apollonius.
Appolodorus see Apollodorus.
Appolonius see Apollonius.
Apuleius, Madaurensis Lucius (born c. 123) (Ort218,221,222), Roman Rhetorist from Numidia, strongly influenced by Plato, wrote a philosophical treatise "De Mundo" <About the World> (Ort1,2,3) which was very popular in the 16th century, although of little significance. He also wrote "Florida" (Ort166), excepts from his orations. Ortelius refers to both works. Also "Apologies" (Ort193), "De Deo Socratis" (Ort231) and "Golden Ass" (Ort218,224). Editions of his work were published and commented on by Bonaventura Vulcanius, Jos. Scaliger and Janus Gruterus.
About the World: Ort1.15,2.15,3.15; Floridorum Bk.1: Ort166.8.
Aquilius, Heinrich (?) of Arnhem Netherlands, was a historian who wrote "Compendium Chronici Geldrici" (Ort61,62), 1566 and "De ducibus Geldriæ".
Chronicle: Ort61.10, 62.10
Aquitanus, Prosper (?).
Ort22.37
Arab, Paraphrast (?) wrote "Pet." (Ort221).
Arcases (?).
Ort110.11.
Archelaus the Chorographer (?) quoted by Diogenes Laërtius (Ort222).
Ardens (?) the Poet, quoted by Hierome (Ort177).
Quoted by Hierome: Ort177.22.
Aretinus, Brunus Leonardus(1369-1444) wrote "Epistolarum liber" which appeared in print in 1466, as also "De bello Italica adversus Gothos gesto" <= the Italian war againts the Goths", published by Neumeister in 1470. Although Aretinus claims the authorship of this first printed history of the Bbarbaric invasions and wars in Italy, his role was actually limited to translating and editing the work by the Byzantine historian Pocopius of Cæsarea. He is quoted by Leander (Ort131).
Quoted by Leander: Ort131.7.
Aretius Claudius Marius (16th century) from Syracusa, Italy was a historiographer of Charles V who wrote "Chorographia sive de situ Siciliæ libellus", "Dialogus ubi Hispaniæ descriptio cum recentioribus nominibus" and "Descriptio Hispaniæ et Siciliæ" (Ort32) published in Lyon, France in 1552.
Ort25.8, 141.5; Description of Spain: Ort32.2
Argentré, Bertrand (1519-1590) from Bretagne, France wrote a "Histoire de la Bretagne" which appeared in Rennes in 1582 and in Paris in 1588.
Ort37.13
Arianus (ancient).
Bk.5 Ort7.3
Arias Benedictus Montanus, the Learned, (born in 1527) (Ort221) from Sevilla was a good friend of Ortelius who lived in Antwerp for a considerable time and who was instrumental in Ortelius'’appointment as King Philip’s Royal Geographer, a disctinction awarded to him by the Duke of Alva in 1573. Ort 181 refers to a map in his "Apparatus Biblicus" which was appended to the bible of the King of Spain. He also wrote "Commentaries on Obadiah" (Ort193).
Ort123.15; Quoted by Ortelius: Ort175.8.
Ariovistus (?) (Ort199,200).
Aristarchus (?) (Ort224).
Aristides (?) (Ort213).
Aristoteles, Aristotle (?), much admired by humanists in the Renaissance. His complete works were translated into Latin and commented upon by Desiderius Erasmus in 1531. Cochlæus published his Metereology (Ort182,183,196,213) with comments in Nurnberg in 1512. Julius Cæsar Scalinger, father of the well known philologist Jos. Scaliger has written a Commentary on the books about plants by Aristotle in Leiden, 1556. The Spanish Count Laguna translated Aristotle’s "Peri Kosmou" into Latin and published this in Alcala, Spain, in 1538. He also wrote "Miracles of Nature (Ort142,196,210),"De Mundo" dedicated to Alexander the Great (Ort1,2,3,189), a "Letter to Alexander the Great" (Ort192), "On living creatures" (Ort193). "De Admiranda" <= About Admirable Matters> (Ort12,196,203,206,209,211,226), "Pollux" (Ort207,208), "Problems" (Ort213), and "Politics" (Ort193,196,197,199,200).
Ort140.2, 142.2; De Mundo: 1.9,2.9,3.9; De Admirandis: 12.9; Miracles of Nature: Ort142.12.
Arluno Bernardino (?) from Milan, Italy wrote a Milanese history "Historiarum ab origine urbis Mediol. Ad nostra usque tempora" also published in excerpts as "Bellum Venetum" and "Bellum Gallicum".
Ort125.7.
Armenus, Haithon or Curchino, Antonie see Haitho.
Arngrimus, Jonas (?) of Iceland wrote "Treatise on Iceland" (Ort161).
Treatise on Iceland: 161.8, 161.13, 161.14, 161.16, 161.20, 161.21, 161.25, 161.26, 161.27, 161.28.
Arnobius (?) (Ort209,222) wrote "Contra Gentes" (Ort207,208).
Arnold Fretagh see Frethag Arnold.
Arquerus, Sigismundus (?) from Cagliari, Italy worked with Münster who used his map of Sardinia.
Quoted by Münster: Ort141.8.
Arrianus Flavius Periplus(?) (Ort214,215,216,222,224) was a historian from Nicomedia and has written a work about the Indies, "Arriani Flavii et Hannonis Periplus" (Ort224), published in Basel in 1553. Also: "Arriani Flavii: Ponti Euxini et Maris Erythræi Periplus" published and commented on by Stuckius (Ort212,213), Geneva 1577. Ramusio refers to Arrianus’ "Lettera intorno al Mare Maggiore" and "Nearcho, navigatione in quale scritta Arriano". Also, a book by Arrianus was published in Paris by Estienne in 1575. Ortelius mentions a work by Arrianus called "De Indicis" in his text on the Pacific, (Ort12), a book "On Germany" (Ort104) and "Life of Alexander" (Ort166).
Ort8.14; On Germany: Ort104.2; De Indicis: Ort12.10; Life of Alexander: Ort166.8.
Artemidorus or Artimedorus (?) (Ort193,196,221,224) wrote "Porphyry" (Ort217).
Ort31.5
Artopœus, Petrus (?) of Pomerania , quoted by Münster in his Cosmographey (Ort158).
Ort84.5; Quoted by Münster in his Cosmographey: Ort158.10, 158.11.
Asclepiades the Philosopher (?) (Ort224,232).
Athanasias (?) (Ort184,221).
Athenæus Polybius see Polybius Athenæus.
Atrobius (?) (Ort222).
Augustinus Justinianus see Giustiniani Agostino.
Augustinus, Saint (?) (Ort182,183,222) wrote "De Civitate Dei" (Ort189,193,196,210,218).
Ort178.8, 179.8.
Augustus Antonius see Antonius Augustus.
Aurelius Cornelius see Cornelius, Aurelius.
Aurelius Sextus Victor (?) (Ort212) wrote a "Biography (Ort203).
Aurifaber, Andreas (?) of Vratislava wrote a treatise "On Amber" (Ort156,157).
On Amber: Ort156.19, 157.19.
Ausonius (309-394) (Ort206,209,224) lived in Bordeaux, France. He wrote "Lectiones" which were commented on and published by Elias Vinet and Jos. Scaliger in Leiden in 1574. He also wrote an "Epigram on Queen Dido" (Ort223), "Perioch" (Ort224), and "Epitaphs" (Ort224). He quotes Saint Paulinus (Ort189) and is quoted by Scaliger (Ort193) and Vinetus (Ort194).
Ort38.2, 38.6, 47.4, 60.3, 165.8.
Austen, Saint (?) (Ort196).
Aventinus or Aventius, Ioannes (16th century) (Ort194,196) wrote and published "Annales ducum Boiariæ" <= annals of the dukes of Bavaria> (Ort1,2,3) in Ingolstad, Germany in 1554, and in Basel, Switzerland in 1580. It delas with other regions than Bavaria as well. Ortelius also mentions a "Chronicle Lyonnais" (Ort 56).
Ort100.4, 100.9, 106.12, 107.2, 107.15, 108.2, 109.7, 110.11, 152.7, 153.7; Annals Bk.2 Ort1.31,2.31,3.34; Chronicle Lyonnais: 56.7, 57.8.
Avicenna (983-1037) (Ort175,180,221) wrote "De ægritudinibus nervorum", an early treatise on nervous diseases.
Ort164.2; Tome 2, Bk.2, Ch.283: Ort175.6, Bk.2, Tract.2, Ch.596: Ort180.22, 180.44.
Avienus or Avenius, Rufus Festus or Sextus (?) translated the poem "Der Perieget" written by Dionysius Apher and wrote "Oræ Maritimæ (Ort192).
Sea Coasts3.23
Baccius, Andreas (?) was a physician from St. Elpidio, Italy who wrote "De Thermis", "De naturali vinorum historia", and "De methodo medendi per balnea"<Healing through baths>, (and?) "Baths of the whole World (Ort142).
Baths of the whole world: Ort142.6, 142.11, 142.21, 142.23.
Bæton (?) quoted by Athenæus (Ort222).
Balbi or Balbus, Casparo (16th century) from Venice, Italy wrote an itinerary entitled "Viaggio del Indie orientali dell anno 1579 fino al 1588" (Ort164).
Journal of India: Ort164.12.
Ballinus, Julius (16th century) was a lawyer from Venice, Italy who published "Disegni delle più illustri itta e Fortezze del mondo, con una breve istoria delle origine et accidenti loro" in Venice in 1560, a forerunner of Braun’s "Theatrum Urbium".
Cities (in Italian) Ort1.52,2.52,3.57
Balsamon (?) (Ort218).
Baptist Raymond see Raymond Baptist.
Barbaro Hermolius see Ermolao Barbaro.
Barbaro Josaphat (15th century) was a Venetian patrician who was sent to Tartary and Persia as an envoy. His travel reports (Ort163) were published by Ramusio as "Viaggio della Tana e nella Persia".
Ort167.10; Travels: Ort163.8.
Barbosa, Duarte or Odoardus (died 1521) was a Portuguese sea explorer who wrote an itinerary which was published by Ramusio in 1588. Barbosa died in 1521 together with Magellan on the first voyage around the world.
Ort164.19.
Barbuda, Luis de (second half 16th century) was an important Portuguese chartmaker who in the 1570s appears to have defected to Spain, where he held important positions in the "Casa del Contraction" in Sevilla. He supplied a manuscript draft to Ortelius upon which Ortelius’ China map (Ort164) was based.
Barlaam ().
Ort8.14
Barland or Barlandus, Adrianus (1488-1542) from Zeeland, the Netherlands, later Louvain, Belgium, is a historian who wrote "Catalogus insigniorum oppidorum inferioris Germaniæ" which was published in Antwerp in 1526, as also "Descriptio Hollandiæ et Zelandiæ" and "Itinerarium Belgicum".
Ort78.8
Barletius or Barlesio or Barlet, Martin or Marino (15th century) from Italy wrote "De obsidione Scodrensi 1477" Venice 1504, "De vita et laudibus Scanderbergii" (Ort144,145), Rome 1506 and "Compendium vitarum summorum pontificum et imp. Romanorum usque ad Marcellum II" Rome 1555.
Life of Scanderberg: Ort144.12, 145.9.
Barlesio Marino see Barletius.
Baronius (?) (Ort184)
Barreiros Caspar or Gasparis Varrenus (died in 1574) was a Spaniard who travelled to Italy and who wrote "Chorographia" Coimbra, Portugal 1561 describing Italian cities from Bajadoz to Milan. He also wrote "De regione Ophira" and "Observationes cosmographicæ".
Ort9.26,11.27, 11.68
Barrius or Barrio, Gabriel (?) (Ort210,224) from Francica, Calabria, Italy wrote "De antiquitate et situ Calabriæ" (Ort139,210) and "De laudibus Italiæ".
Calabria: Ort139.10, Bk.1-5: Ort140.10.
Barros, Joao de or Ioannis Barrus or Barrius (16th century) is the most important Portuguese historian of the age of discoveries. He wrote "De Asia Decas 1-2" (Ort1,26,164,166,177), published in Lisbon, Portugal 1552-1563. He seems to have written a book about Africa (Ort8).
Decades on Asia: Ort1.68, 2.68, 164.19, 166.8, 166.10, 167.5, 167.14, Ch.1: Ort26.8, First Decade, Bk.3 Ch.3: Ort177.30; Book on Africa: Ort8.15.
Barthema, Luigi or Ludovicus or Vartomannus or Vartoman (born in 1480) is one of the most important Italian explorers. He travelled through Ethiopia, Egypt, Arabia Syria and India. His travel reports were translated into Latin by Archangelo Medrignano and published in Milan in 1508 as "Ludovicus Vartomani Novum Itinerarium Æthiopiæ, Ægypti, utriusque Arabiæ, Persiæ, Siriæ et Indiæ intra et extra Gangem". It was published in Italian by Ramusio in 1517. Barthema was translated into many languages.
Ort1.70, 2.70, 6.5, 7.7, 166.8.
Bartholinus Richard (16th century) from Perugia, Italy was in the service of the Cardinal of Gurk. He wrote "De bello Norico <about the Bavarian war>, Austriados libri duodecim" <twelve books on Austria> (Ort1,2,3) Strassburg 1516 and "Hodœporicon cardinalis Gurcensis".
Austria Bk.8 Ort1.27,2.27,3.30
Bartholomæus (13th century) was a travel companion to Ruysbroek on his travels in Western and Central Asia, which was recorded in Ruysbroek’s "Itinerarium" in 1253.
Ort22.33
Bartholomæus Amantius see Amantius Bartholomæus.
Bartholomæus de las Casas see Casas Bartholomæus de las.
Bartholomæus Saligniaco see Saligniaco Bartholomæus.
Basil (?).
Ort19.10b
Bassianus or Bassianensis see Niger, Franz.
Beatus Rhenanus see Rhenanus Beatus.
Becanus, Ioannes Goropius (1518-1572) of the Netherlands was a physician with linguistic interests who wrote "Originum Gentium libri IX, in quibus: Atvatica, Gigantomachia, Niloscopium, Cronia, Indo-Scytica, Saxonica, Goto-Danica, Amazonica, Venetica et Hyperborea" <on th origin of people, 9 books, in which ..> (Ort1,2,3) 1569. Also "Origines Antwerpianæ" <the origins of Antwerp> (Ort189), 1572, "Becesselana" (Ort58,115,174) and "Gallica" (Ort194).
Ort 12.23, 56.3, 56.17, 57.3, 63.2, 178.7, 179.7; Origin and nature of the World Ort1.57, 2.57, 3.62; Becesselana: 58.7, 65.14, 66.14, 115.12, Niloscopius in Becesselana: Ort174.5b, 174.10.
Beda Venerabilis or the Venerable Bede (672-735) was a Benedict clergyman who wrote "Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum", an Anglo-Saxon Ecclesiastical History much quoted by later British historians which first appeared in print in Strassbourg, 1475. It is the most important work of the "greatest English Historian" (PMM) and gives an account of Christianity in England from its beginnings to Bede’s own days, scrupulously citing earlier sources. Bede is the only source for Cædmon (670), one of the earliest English poets, whose only authentic fragment is included.
Ort16.5k, 16.14, 16.18, 19.19, 19.45f, 23.4
Belerium (?) (Ort192).
Belgius or Bolgius (?) is cited by Trogus Pompeius (Ort197,198) and Pausanias (Ort197,198).
Belleforestius or Belleforest, Franciscus or François de (1530-1583) mostly worked as a translator. His "Cosmographie" (Ort38), Paris 1575 is an excerpt from Münster. Hence Ortelius calls him the French Münster.
Ort1.50, 1.61,2.61,3.54, 3.67, 34.8, 36.20, 37.13, 37.15, 40.5, 41.4, 42.5, 43.5, 43.10, 46.2, 47.3, 47.7, 47.9, 49.9, 49.22, 54.3, 54.7; Cosmography: 38.7
Bellere, Jean (16th century) translated a description of Æthiopia written by Frans Alvarez which was published in Antwerp in 1558.
Bellon or Belon or Bellonius, Pierre (1517-1564) travelled in the Orient as a companion of Gilles. He wrote about these travels with particular attention to natural history in "Les Observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses mémorables, trouvées en Grèce, Asie, Judée, Egypte, Arabie et des autres pays estranges, rédigées en trois livres" (Ort39,159,170,174) Paris 1553. L’Ecluse has translated this work into Latin, Antwerp 1589. Bellonius also wrote on fish, birds and similar subjects.
Ort147.2, 147.3, 147.5, 147.6, 147.9, 147.25, 147.27, 148.5, 149.11, 149.12, 168.8, 169.3, 174.2, 174.3, 174.5a; About Fish: Ort106.12; Observations: Ort39.13, 147.11, 170.8, Bk.1: 146.13, 146.14, 146.21, 149.14, 159.8, 174.10, 174.16.
Bellovacensis or Belvacensis Vincentius see Vincentius of Beauvais.
Bellunensis (?).
Ort175.6.
Bembus or Bembo, Peterus or Pietro (1470-1539) was a Cardinal and humanist who wrote about Mount Ætna in "De Ætna ad Gabrielem liber" (Ort141), Venice 1495, 1530, Lyon 1552. He also wrote "Hieroglyphical Table" (Ort221).
Mount Ætna: Ort141.6.
Benedictus Arias Montanus see Arias Benedictus Montanus.
Benjamin (?).
Ort175.4.
Benzo or Benzoni or Benzonius, Hieronymus (16th century) of Milan, Italy travelled in America between 1541 and 1556. His travel report "Istoria del mondo nuovo libr. III" <History of the new world, 3 books> (Ort14), Venice 1565 and a description of the Canary Islands, Venice 1572 were translated into Latin by Urbanus Calveton, Geneva 1578, 1581, and 1600. A German translation by Abel Scherdinger was published in Basel in 1579 and 1582.
Ort9.45,10.45,11.48; History of the New World: Ort14.12,15.14,15.19
Bergamus, Georg Jodocus (15th century) was an Italian poet who praised Lake Garda in his "Benacus" (Ort120), Verona 1546.
Description of Lake Garda Bk.1-5: Ort120.9.
Bermu(n)dez, Jodo or Ioannes (16th century) was a Portuguese who as a physician was the first Portuguese envoy in Æthiopia. Pope Paulus III appointed him as Patriarch of Æthiopia and Alexandria. Alvarez usually calls him "mestre Joan". He wrote "Esta he huma breuve relecao da Embeixada quo patriarcha da Ethiopia, chamado vulgarmente Presto Joannis" (Ort175), Lisbon 1561.
Experiences of the Abessines: Ort175.20.
Bernardino Arluno see Arluno Bernardino.
Bernardino Corio see Corio Bernardino.
Bernardinus Scalantus see Scalantus Bernardinus.
Bernhardinus Gomez see Gomez Bernhardinus.
Berno the Abbot (?) quoted by Irenicus.
Quoted by Irenicus: Ort114.4.
Beroaldus or Beroald, Philippus (1453-1505) from Bologna, Italy, published works by Cæsar and Florus and wrote a "Chronicle" (Ort178,179).
Chronicle; Ort178.8, 179.8.
Berosus the Imaginary or the Turncoat or Unreliable (Ort118,193,197,198,207,208,211) wrote commentaries quoted by Viterbiensis (Ort117).
Ort1.19, 2.19, 3.21, 56.2, 57.2; Commentaries as quoted by Viterbiensis: Ort117.33, 118.33.
Bertrand Argentre see Argentre Bertrand.
Beuter or Beutherus Pedro Antonio (16th century) was a theologian from Valencia, Spain who wrote a history about Valencia in which he takes the imaginary Berosus to be real. Alonso de Ulloa translated this work into English in 1556. Ortelius refers to his "Annales" (Ort29,30).
Ort29.2, 29.7; Annales: Ort29.6, 30.2, 30.8, 30.9
Bilibaldus Pirkeimerus see Pirkeimerus (?) (Ort56).
Bizarro or Bizarrus, Pietro or Petrus (died in 1584), an Italian who died in Antwerp was mostly active as a publisher He wrote a history of Genoa: "Senatus populique Genuensis rerum domi forisque gestarum historiæ atque annales" Antwerp 1579, and a Persian history with much contemporary detail (Ort167). Ortelius calls him my good friend.
Ort125.10; History of Persia: Ort167.11.
Blanchon Joachim (born 1553) from Limoges, France, a poet who wrote "Premières œuvres politiques", Paris 1583. A laudatory poem by Blanchon is included on Ortelius’ Lemovicum map.
Blasius, Vigenerius see Vigenerius Blasius.
Blondius or Blondus or Biondo Flavio (1388-1463) (Ort132,210) wrote a history of the Middle Ages and a historical-geographical Lexicon about Italy (Ort122,129,131) called "Roma instaurata" 1471.
Ort117.5, 117.27, 117.33, 118.5, 118.27, 118.33, 119.3, 120.8, 127.9, 128.10, 132.12, 136.3, 137.11, 137.14, 137.33, 138.3, 138.6, 138.8, 147.23; Description of Italy: Ort122.10, 129.17, 131.2, 131.8.
Boazio, Baptista (?).
Ort22.41
Bodin(e) or Bodinus, Jean or Ioannes (1530-1596) from Angers, France, wrote "Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem" (Ort115), Paris 1566, an inportant treatise on historiography.
Ort19.14, 36.8, 36.9; Methodus historica: 115.12.
Boëthius, Hector or Boyis (1465-1536) became vice-chancellor of the University of Aberdeen, Scotland. He wrote a history of Scotland "Scotorum historiæ a prima gentis origine" Paris 1526. This history was expanded with many fables by Ferrerius from Piemont, Italy, who published his version in Paris, 1574.
Ort16.18,18.5, 18.12, 18.13, 18.14, 18.15
Böhm or Ioannes Bohemus Aubanus) (16th century) from Aub is the writer of "Omnium Gentium mores, leges et ritus etc." (Ort114), published in Augsburg in 1520 and in Freiburg in 1540.
Ort1.60,2.60,3.66, 56.7, 57.8, 100.4, 110.11, 158.7; De moribus gentium 114.3, 114.4.
Boissard or Boissardus, Jean Jacques (1528-1602) was an archaeologist who wrote "Methodo historica" and exchanged letters with Ortelius.
Ort129.17.
Bonaventura Borchard see Borchard Bonaventura.
Bonaventura Brochardus see Borchard Bonaventura.
Bonaventura Castiglioni see Castiglioni Bonaventura.
Bonaventura Vulcanius (16th century) from Leiden, Netherlands, was publisher and commentator of Apuleius "De Mundo". He wrote "Etymologicon" and corresponded with Ortelius (Hessels nr. 131).
Bonfinius or Bonfini, Antonio (late 15th century) (Ort203) was an Italian by birth. He was by Mathias Corvinus called to the Hungarian court. His "Rerum Ungaricarum decades tres, nunc demum industria" published by Martinus Brenneri Bistricensis Transylvani in Basel in 1543 and 1568 (Ort105,150,152,154,155,162,163). He is called the Hungarian Livius. He often relies on Blondus.
Ort152.13, 153.73; Decades of Hungary: Ort150.13, 150.19, 150.22, 152.13, 154.16, 155.16, ,163.8, Decade 1, Bk.1: 152.2, 152.5, 153.2, 153.4, 153.5, Bk.1&2: Ort162.8, Bk.4 Ch.4: Ort105.7, 106.7.
Bongarsius (?) (Ort193).
Bonifacius, Ioannes (?) wrote a description on Treviso (Ort122).
Description of Treviso: Ort122.13.
Borchard Bonaventura (16th century) was a French monk who wrote about his travels in the Sinai and Jerusalem. It has been claimed that he made a map of Palestina.
Bordonius or Bordoni, Benedictus (died in 1529 or 1531) from Padua, Italy is known because of his guide of islands "Isolario" Venice 1528, 1534, 1562.
Ort147.9, 147.11, 147.23, 147.28, 148.2, 149.5; Islands of the World: Ort1.54, 2.54, 3.59, 141.5, 141.8, 141.15, ,148.7, 149.8.
Bouchet Jean (1476-1550) of Poitiers wrote "Annales d’Aquitaine" (Ort38) Poitiers 1524.
Chronicle of Aquitania: Ort38.7
Bouillus or Bouille, Carolus (1470-1553) from Vermandois, France, was a very productive writer. His "Chronicon" is his most important publication. He also wrote "De differentia vulgarium linguarum et gallici sermonis varietate" (Ort69), Paris 1533 dealing with etymology.
Ort44.6, 45.6, 49.5, 49.15-16, 70.8, 71.2, 71.8; Discourse on languages: 69.2, 69.8.
Brandt, Sebastian (1458-1520) published "Chronicon Germaniæ, præsertim Alsatiæ".
Ort56.7, 57.8
Braun, Georgius Agrippinensis (?) of Cologne wrote "Theatre of Cities", (Ort1,2,31,32,51,161,168,169).
Ort161.23, 168.5, 169.4; Theatre of Cities (in Latin) Ort1.53, 2.53, 3.58, 31.9, 31.29, 32.10, 51.9, 161.26, 161.74.
Breitenbach (?).
Ort180.15.
Brevetanus, Angeles (?) (Ort209).
Brinckhorstius, Hugo (16th century) from England, lived for some time in Erfurt, Germany and provided Ortelius by letter with statistical information on Thüringen, Germany.
Ort96.2.
Brocard or Brochardus see Burchard.
Broderith, Stephan or Stephanus (died in 1540) was a Hungarian state official. He reports on the battle of Mohacz in his "De Clade Ludovici II regis Hungariæ" which he experienced as one of the retinue of the King. Reference to his treatise printed in Basel (Ort152,153).
Ort150.13, 150.22; Treatise printed in Basel: Ort152.2, 152.4, 153.2, 153.5.
Brodeus, Ioannes, a man of good judgment (?) wrote "Miscellanea" (Ort224).
Bronovius, Martin (16th century) was a Pole sent as an envoy to Tartary by King Stephan. He was taken captive there, and learned about this land and its people. His book "Descriptio Tartariæ" appeared in Cologne, Germany in 1595, usually bound together with Reichersdorf’s "Moldaviæ quæ olim Daciæ pars, chorographia" which was written in 1541.
Ort163.8.
Brontius, Nicolaas (?) was a poet and philologist from Douay, Belgium, who wrote "De laudibus Hannoniæ" (Ort69).
Ort70.3, 71.3; Discourse on Hannonia: Ort69.3
Bruno, Georgius, see Braun, George.
Brusch(ius), Caspar, also Egranus (1518-1559) was a productive and esteemed geographer. He wrote (1) "Chronologia Monasteriorum Germaniæ præcipuorum" (Ort56), (2) "Magnum opus de omnibus Germaniæ episcopatibus" Nurnberg 1549, (3) "Beschreibung des Fichtelgeberges" 1542. The Catalogus Auctorum of 1603L mentions a map of Fichtelberg made by Brusch. (4) "G. Bruschii iter Rheticum fragmentum ad Hier. Pappum carmine elegacio" Basel 1580. (5) "G. Bruschii Iter Helveticum ad Culenium carmine elegacio", Basel.
Ort107.4, 108.4, 111.6, 112.6; Monasteries of Germany: Ort56.8, 57.9.
Brussius, William (?) (Ort214).
Brutus (?) wrote "Menechmis" (Ort210).
Buchanan (?).
Ort19.13
Budey (?) (Ort221).
Bugnyon Philib. (died in 1590) poet and lawyer from Macon, France, wrote "Chronicon urbis Mattissanæ" Lyon, France, 1559.
Ort54.6
Bundvica (?) (Ort192).
Burchard, F. (13th century), a German monk, travelled in Palestine and wrote a treatise published as "Borchardi (Monachi germanici) circa annum 1283 descriptio terræ sanctæ et regionum finitimarum. Item Salignacio (Barth. de) itinerarium hierosolymitanum ex bibliotheca Alvenslebiana" published by R. Reineccius in Magdeburg, Germany 1587.
Ort170.8, 173.3, 174.10.
Busbechius, Augerius (?) wrote commentaries on Dioscorides (Ort149).
Ort159.2, 159.5; Commentaries on Dioscorides: Ort149.14.
Byzantinus Stephanus see Stephanus Byzantinus.
Cabato, Sebastian (?).
Ort160.18.
Cadamostus or Cadamosto, Alvise or Aloyisius (15th century) was a Venetian sea explorer who worked for the Portuguese Prince Henricus on the African West coast in 1455 and 1456. He wrote down his experiences in "Navigazione nell’ Africa" which Ramusio included in his collection. Ortelius refers to his "Letters" (Ort12).
Ort8.15, 75.5, 77.5; Epistles: 12.25
Cæcilius (?) reports on "Germany" by Asinius Quadratus which Ortelius deplores not to possess (Ort199,200).
Cælius Plinius (?) wrote "Epistle to Maximus" (Ort215).
Cæriolanus see Furius Fredericus Seriolanus.
Cæsar, Julius (100-44 B.C.) was military commander of the Romans. His works are written in the third person to convey an impression of objective history rather than personal memoir. They were often published and commented on, for instance by Phil. Beroald from Bologna, by Rhellicanus, by Gaguin in French (Paris, 1539) and by Blasius Vigenerius in 1576. His best known work which survived in its entirety is "De bello Gallico" <about the French war>(Ort36,194,196,197,198,199,200). Also "Commentaries" on the wars in Africa, Alexandria and Spain, written by members of his staff, (Ort19,25,34,36,70,71,189,192,194,196,200) which first appeared in print in 1471 in Venice, with numerous subsequent editions. These "Comments" are quoted by Vigenereus (Ort194). He also wrote a report to "Arriovistus" (Ort199,200) and "De Bello Civili" (Ort47,192,196).
Ort16.4, 16.5k, 16.7, 16.14, 16.18, 17.5, 37.11, 38.2, 39.2, 39.12, 45.4, 47.2, 54.4,58.40, 63.2, 63.4, 69.7, 72.2, 72.9, 72.10, 99.5, 107.2, 108.2, 119.3, 129.3, 152.2, 153.2, 156.7, 157.7; Commentaries 19.10c, 19.10d, 19.17, 19.18, 19.19, 19.20, 19.24f, 19.39w, 19.40x, 19.41y, 19.52, 25.8, 34.3, 34.9, 70.7, 71.7, 73.2, 73.9, 73.10, 115.5, 115.7, Bk.1: Ort36.2, 36.3, 36.10, 36.15, 36.21; De Bello Gallico <=Wars of France> 78.12, Bk.7: 36.11, 37.15, 39.6, Bk.11: Ort42.4, 54.5; Civil Bk.5: Ort47.3; Rhellicanus' commentaries on Cæsar: Ort115.5, 115.12.
Cæsar Orlandi see Orlandi Cæsar.
Cæsarius (?), brother of Nazianzenus wrote "Memorabilia" (Ort22) and "Dialogues" (Ort178,179,212).
Memorabilia Bk.12: Ort22.29; Dialogues: Ort178.7, 179.7.
Calamæus, Joannes or Jean Chaumeau (?), seigneur of Lessay and Portail-Milly, was a lawyer in Bourges, France, with an interest in geography who wrote "L’histoire de Berry, contenant l’origine, antiquités, gestes, prouesses, priviléges et libertés des Berruyers avec particulière description du dit pays", Bourges 1566.
Ort39.2, 39.3, 39.8
Calcagninus (?) (Ort213).
Calcondylas see Chalcondylas.
Calisthenes (?) is quoted by Stobeus (Ort196).
Callimachus (?) (Ort216,217,226).
Callistus, Nicephorus (?) (Ort222,232).
Calpurnius, Cayus (?) (Ort193).
Calpurnius, Siculus (?) (Ort209).
Calvuete or Calvetus de Estrella orStella or Juan Christoval (16th century) from Barcelona, Spain, accompanied King Philip on his journey to Belgium. He wrote an elaborate account about this journey containing interesting observations about habits and morals of the time including statistical observations, "El felissimo viaje del muy alto y poderoso principe don Phelippe, Hijo d’el Emp. Don Carlo V desde Espanna, as sus tierras de baxa Alemana, con descripcion de todos estados de Brabante y Flandes" (Ort58), Antwerp 1552.
Journal of King Philip Ort58.7
Calvus, Fabius (died in 1527) of Ravenna was a physician who translated the works of Hippokrates. He wrote about Rome: "Antiquæ urbis Romæ cum regionibus simulachrum" Basel 1558.
Ort129.17.
Cambrensis Giraldus see Giraldus Cambrensis.
Camden, William (1551-1623) from Londen worked at the School of Westminster and was appointed "Clarencieux King-at-Arms in 1597. He wrote a geographical description of Great Britain called "Britannia sive florentissiomorum regnorum, Angliæ, Scotiæ, Hiberniæ et insularum adiacentium ex intima antiquitate chorographica descriptio" (1586, London) (Ort16,19,192,194,196). It was written after the model which Blondus developed when he wrote about Italy, called "Italia illustrata". He has some claim to be considered the founder, not merely of antiquarian studies, but also of of the study of modern history. He founded the chair of history at Oxford, and claimed that political and ecclesiastical history cannot be separated.
Ort112.10, 161.6; Brittania: 16.6, 16.14, 19.10b, 19.20, 22.32, 22.40; Scotland: 19.32, 19.37, 19.45a, 19.45f, 19.45k
Camerarius, Ioachimus the younger (?) wrote Letters to Ortelius (Ort194).
Camers, Johannes or Johannes Ricuzzi Velini (1468-1546) was born in Amerino, Italy. He was professor in Vienna from 1499, and published works by Claudianus Claudius in Vienna 1510, by Dionysius Apher in Vienna 1512, and Florus’ "Annotationum in Lucium Florum Libellus" in Vienna, 1511. He published and commented on Mela’s "De Situ Orbis". Also: Plinius’ "Historiæ Naturalis", Vienna 1514. Also Solinus as "G.J. Solinus, cum enarrationibus et indice Cameris" (Ort1), Vienna 1520.
Commentaries on Solinus 1.32,2.32,3.35
Campanus, Flavius or John Goia (?).
Ort12.22
Campanus, Joannes (15th century) was a learned bishop at the Italian court who wrote "Historia belli Ducis Braccii sive Brachii Perusini, ab anno 1368-1424", also a biography of Æneas Sylvius as also "De Thrasymeni lacus præstantia" (Ort130).
Lake of Perugia: Ort130.13, 136.2, 136.5, 136.9.
Campense or Campensis, Albert (?) of Italy wrote "Lettera intorno le cose di Mascovia", included in Ramusio’s Volume 2.
Ort162.8.
Campo, Florian del see Ocampo, Florian d’.
Campus, Antonius (?) wrote about the antiquities of Milan (Ort127).
On the antiquities of Milan: Ort127.5.
Candidus, Joannes (16th century) was an Italian lawyer who wrote "Commentariorum Aquileiensium libri VIII" (Ort119), Venice 1521.
History of Aquileya Ort119.11.
Candidus, Panthaleon (16th century) was a German historian who wrote on Bohemia "Bohemiades, sive de ducibus Bohemiæ libri III, et de regibus libri V, carmine complexi" Strassbourg 1590.
Capella, Martianus, see Martianus Capella.
Capitolinus, Iulius (?) (Ort199,200,232) wrote "Life of Clodius Albinus" (Ort80), "Macrinus" (Ort218), and "Life of Perlinax the Emperor" (Ort211,218).
Ort80.28; Life of Clodius Albinus: Ort80.12.
Capreolus or Capriolus or Cavriolo Elias (died in 1519) from Brescia, Italy wrote a chronicle about his native city: "Chronica de rebus Brixianorum ad Senatum populumque Brixianum opus" (Ort123), Brescia 1585.
History of Brescia Bk.1-12: Ort123.2, 123.10, 123.13.
Caraffa, Giovanni Battista (16th century) from Naples, Italy, wrote a history of Naples: "Dell’ historia del Regno di Napoli" 1572.
Ort139.10.
Cardanus (?).
Ort19.21
Carolus Clusius see Clusius Carolus.
Cartier or Carthier, Iacobus (?).
Ort9.46,10.46,11.49
Carvajal Mármol Luis see Mármol Carvajal Luis de.
Casas Bartholomæus de las (1474-1566) was a Spaniard appointed as a bishop in Chiapa, Mexico. He wrote "Brevissima relacion de la destruccion de las Indas" <a short history of the destruction of the Indies> (Ort15), Sevilla, Spain 1552, as also "Tyrannies et cruantez des Espangols perpetréez aux Indes occidentales" Antwerp 1579, possibly a translation of the first work. He complained bitterly about the Spanish atrocities in America.
The Destruction of the Indies Ort15.16
Casaubonus see Causabonus.
Caspar Peucer see Peucer, Caspar
Casparo Balbi see Balbi Casparo.
Cassiodorus (?) (Ort149,196,199,200,207,208,209,211,214) wrote "Epistles" (Ort121,122,210), "Variarum to Anastasias" (Ort121,122,129,143,196,199,200,203,206,210,224), and "To Gaudiosus" (Ort129).
Ort3.20; Epistles: Ort121.4, 122.4; Variarum: Ort140.19, Bk.2 Ch.35-36: 129.4, Bk.12: Ort121.8, 122.8, 143.16; Varieties to Gaudiosus Bk.11: Ort129.14.
Castanheda Lopez de, Ferdinand see Lopez de Castanheda.
Castiglioni or Castillion Bonaventura (1480-1555) from Milan, Italy wrote "De Gallorum Insubrum antiquis sedibus" (Ort125), of which only the first volume was published by the printer Antonio Castiglioni in 1541.
Treatise on the Insubres: Ort125.7.
Cato, Marcus Portius (234-149 B.C.) (Ort193,204,205) wrote "Origines" (Ort130,206,207,208) and is quoted by Cicero (Ort211).
Ort23.8, 117.33, 118.33; Origines: Ort130.13.
Catullus the Poet (?) (Ort193,213,226) wrote "Argonautics (Ort231). He was commented on by Ianus Dousa (Ort222).
Ort123.11, 123.13, 123.15.
Causabonus, Isacus (?) the learned and industrious, (Ort193,196,212).commented on Straboes "Geography" (Ort196,209) and Cæsar (Ort196) and quotes Dion Prusæus (Ort212).
Cavitellio, Ludovicus (died in 1586) was an abbot at Cremona, Italy and published "Annales Cremonenses", printed by his nephew Cæsar Cavitellio in 1588, and also a History of Milan (Ort127).
History of Milan: Ort127.5.
Cedrenus, George (?) (Ort224,232) wrote "History of Theodosius the Great" (Ort214).
Cella, Christopher & Ancelmus ().
Ort4.6,5.7
Celsus, Cornelius (?) (Ort196,203,217).
Celtis or Celtes, Conradus Peutingerius (1459-1508) (Ort227), from Nurnberg wrote "Septenaria sodalitas litteraria Germaniæ" published in Vienna in 1500. It is a celebration of German literaru brotherhood in which he lets seven poets speak from the banks of the rivers Danube, Vistula, Oder, Elbe, Drave, Rhine and Neckar. He initiated German classical and historical scholarship, and established a number of learned societies on the model of Italian academies. He discovered in a monastery a poem called "Ligurinus sive de gestis Frederici I libri X", a description of the battles which Frederick Barbarossa fought with the Milan people whom he calls Ligures, written by Guntherus Ligurinus. Celtis gave it to K. Peutinger who published it in 1507. In 1531 an edition appeared by J. Spiegel in Strassbourg. In 1569 a new edition was published by Otto von Freising in Basel, Switzerland which also included a biography of Friedrich I. He also published "Protucii primi inter Germanos Imperatoris manibus Poete laureati IV libri Amorum, Nurnberg 1502. Ortelius calls him Poet Laureate (Ort99), .
Ort56.7, 57.8, 112.6; On Nurnberg: Ort99.21.
Cepha, Moses Bar (?) translated Masius (Ort178,179).
Translated by Masius: Ort178.8, 179.8.
Chalcocondylas or Chalcondylas or Calcondylas, Laonicus (abt. 1395-abt. 1464) (Ort215) of Athens, Greece was a Byzantine historian who wrote about the Turks in "Pedigree of the Ottomans" (Ort168,169), which was translated into German by Konrad Clauser and published in Basel, 1556. Its contents have been included in the Chronology of David Chytræus (Ort155). Title of his book: "Notitiarum" (Ort144,145).
Ort16.5b-16.5k, 56.9, 57.10, 125.8, 174.3, 174.4, Bk.1 & 3: Ort155.16, Bk.2: Ort34.9, 36.21, 155.17, Bk.6: Ort130.13; Notitiarum Bk.10: Ort144.15, 145.13; Pedigree of the Ottomans: Ort168.9, 169.8.
Champier or Campegius, Symphorian(us) (1472-1533) of Lorraine and his son Claudius were productive authors whose works contain much geographical information. Father Symphorian, who was a physician, wrote "Recueil ou chronique des histoires du Royaume d’Austrasia ou France orientale , dite à présent de Lorraine" Lyon, France 1505, "Les grans Chroniques des princes de Savoie et de Piedmont, ensemble les généalogie et antiquités de Gaule", Paris 1516, "Traité de l’anciennité et noblesse de l’antique cité de Lyon et de la rébellion du populaire de ladite ville contre les conseillers de la cité et notables marchands, à cause de bleds" 1529, also translated into Latin under the anagram "Pierchamp", and "Campus Elysius Galliæ amœnitate refertus, in quo quicquid apud Indos, Arabas et Pœnos reperitur apud Gallos reperiri demonstratur", Lyon 1533. Claudius, the son, wrote "Traité des fleuves et fontaines admirables des Gaules" (Ort34,36), Paris 1560, Lyon 1573, by Ortelius wrongly attributed to the father. Claudius also wrote "Singularitez des Gaules" Paris 1538, "Catalogue des villes et cités assises ès trois Gaules" (Ort34,36), and "Traité des lieux saints des Gaules, où Notre-Seigneur, par l’intercession des saints, fait plusieurs miracles" Lyon 1556.
Ort50.2, 50.11
The First French Towns: Ort34.9, 36.21; Rivers and Waters of France: Ort34.9, 36.21
Chasseneux or Chassanaeus, Bartholm (1480-1501) wrote "Catalogus gloriæ mundi" (Ort34), Lyon 1529, Frankfurt 1579. Also "Commentaria in consuetudines ducatus Burgundiæ principaliter et totius fere Galliæ consecutive" Lyon 1517.
De Gloria Mundi Bk.12: Ort34.8,36.20
Checus, Ioannes (?) (Ort203).
Christoforus Longolii, (early 16th century) publisher of the Antonini Augusti Itinerarum, Paris, 1512.
Christosomus Zanchi see Chrystosomus.
Christoval Juan see Calvuete de Estrella.
Chrystosomus or Chrystostomus, Zanchus, Saint from Naples (345-407) (Ort232) wrote sermons and spalms, but also a letter to Count Nugarolo (Ort79), and "Origins of the Orobij and Cenomanes" (Ort123).
Letter to Count Nugarolo: Ort79.21; Origins of the Orobij and Cenomanes: Ort123.10.
Christosomus Zanchi (16th century) (but see previous item) from Bergano, Italy, was an Augustine monk who wrote "De Orobiorum s. Cenomanorum origine libri III" which is of little significance since it is mainly based on Annius’ falsifications, and since he tries to derive Italian words from Hebrew.
Chytræus, David, or Kochafe (1531-1600) has continued "Saxonia" (Ort58,85,87,90,91,144,145,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163) begun by Krantz. He also published a description of Kraichgau, Germany, and a "Chronology" containing work by Chalcondylas, translated into Latin by Konrad Clauser.
Ort93.4, 114.4; Saxon history: Ort58.7, 85.13, 87.9, 90.12, 91.8, 92.18, 97.19, 144.15, 145.13, 155.16, 156.18, 157.18, 158.8, 158.17, 159.6, 160.18, 161.29, 162.8, 163.9.
Chytræus, Nathan (died 1598) was a brother of David. In 1565 he travelled long through Italy, France, England and Poland resulting in "N. Chytræi variorum in Europa itinerum deliciæ", published in Rostock 1579, and Bremen 1594 & 1599. He also wrote a collection of travel tales in hexameter verse: "Hodœporica, sive itinera a diversis clarissimis doctissimisque viris, tum veteribus tum recentioribus, carmine conscripta", published in Frankfurt in 1575.
Ciaccones, F. Alphonsus (?) (Ort212).
Cicero, Marcus Tullius the Orator (106-43 B.C) (Ort207,208,209,210,216,217,218,228) wrote "Orations", as edited by Carbone, Giorgio Merula and later by Verris (Ort141,186,196,211,214), "Offices" (Ort19), "Scipio’s Dream (Ort221), "Letter to Trebatius" (Ort192), "De Provincijs Consularibus" (Ort196), "Nature of Gods" (Ort220,221), "Book of Laws" (Ort224) and "Oration to Vatinius" (Ort203). He quotes Marcus Cato (Ort211).
Orations, as given by Verris: Ort141.6; Offices Bk. 2: Ort19.22.
Cieca or Ciecus Pedro de Léon or Legionensis (1519-1560) was the first historian to write a history on Peru which he visited "La primera parte de la Crònica del Peru", Sevilla, Spain 1553. It was translated into Italian as "Chronica del grandissimo regno del Peru" Rome 1555, and perhaps expanded as "Istorie del Peru, dove si tratta l’ordine delle province, della citte, i riti et costumi degli Indiani Agiuntovi in dissegno tutte le India" Venice 1557.
Ort10.29,11.32,15.14,15.19.
Cilicius Cimbrus Christian (16th century) wrote "Historia belli Dithmarsici" Basel 1570, Strassbourg 1574, Frankfurt 1575
Cimbrus Cilicius see Cilicius Cimbrus.
Ciofanus (?) (Ort213).
Citolinus, Alexander (16th century) was an Italian poet who had to flee from Italy as a supporter of Luther. His main work is "Typocosmia" (Ort1).
Typocosmia or Pattern of the World (in Italian) Ort1.43,2.43,3.46
Clarenceux (?).
Ort19.45-l
Claudianus Claudius the Christian poet (died c. 408), (Ort206,209,212,213,217,221,226,232) from Alexandria, Egypt, the last of the Roman poets, was a poet of Latin and Greek verses such as "De Bello Getico", "De Bello Gildonico" (Ort217), "Panegyris Serenæ Reginæ"(Ort192,203), (Ortelius calls this "De laude serenæ" (Ort25), published in Italian in Venice 1470, Vicenza 1482, Parma 1493, as also by Camers in Vienna 1510, and by Pulmann in Antwerp, Belgium 1572). Also "Metamorphosis (Ort192), "In Praise of Stilicon" (Ort199,200,203), "Wars of the Goths" (Ort231) and "Panegyricks" (Ort196,203).
Ort30.3, 121.3, 122.3; De Laude Serenæ: Ort25.8
Claudius Champierus Lugdunensis see Champier, Symphorian.
Claudius Claudianus, see Claudianus Claudius.
Claudius Marius Aretius see Aretius Claudius Marius.
Claudius Senensis or Ptolemæus (?) wrote Epistles to Gabriel Cæsano (Ort137).
Epistles to Gabriel Cæsano Bk.6: Ort137.12.
Clauserus, Konrad (16th century) published works by Chalcondylas on the Turks in Basel, 1556.
Ort57.10
Clemens Alexandrinus (?) (Ort196,220,232) wrote "Stromaton" (Ort192,203,214,221,222) and "Recognitium" <= Recognitions> (Ort196,221). He quotes Plutarchus (Ort199,200).
Clement, Saint (?) wrote "De Recogn." (Ort199,200).
Cleomenes (?) of Sparta (Ort186).
Cleon (?) (Ort226).
Clusius, Carolus (1526-1609) of Arras, France (Ort49) was a famous botanist who wrote "Rariorum plantarum historia" describing rare plants in countries Clusius visited such as Spain Italy and Hungary, and has extensive notes on tulips.
Ort48.4, 49.3, 49.13.
Coccio, Marcantonio see Sabellicus.
Cochlæus (early 16th century) published Aristotle’s Metereology and commented on it, Nurnberg, 1512.
Codinus, George (?) (Ort214).
Coenalis or Cœnalis or Cenalis or Ceneau, Robert (died in 1560) was bishop of Avranches, France, who wrote an adventurous "Historia Gallia" (Ort34,36,37), Paris 1557, probably also referred to by Ortelius (Ort16,21,34,36,37,44) as "De re Gallica".
Ort16.5k, 16.14, 16.18, 37.5, 37.11, 37.12, 37.13, 37.15, 44.13, 46.2, 47.5, 49.5, 49.9, 49.21, 51.9, 70.5, 71.5; De re Gallica Bk.2: 21.8, Bk.3, Ch.2: Ort16.5, Bk.2, Ch.3: 44.2, 44.3, 44.6 45.2, 45.3, 45.6; History of France: Ort34.8, 36.20, 37.16.
Cognatus Nozerenus or Cousin, Gilbert (1505-1567) of Nozeroy, France, was a servant of Erasmus, from whom he learned much. He wrote "Opera multifarii argumenti, lecta et incunda, et omnis generis professoribus, veluti grammaticis, oratoribus, poëtis, philosophis, medicis, iure consultis, ipsisque theologis apprime utilia" Basel 1562. He also wrote about Lucianus.
Ort51.9, 51.10
Colius, Jacob also Ortelianus (?), nephew of Ortelius.
Ort15.22
Collenuthius, Pandulphus (16th century) wrote a History of Naples in 1539, which was published in Latin by Stupanus in 1572. He was strangled in prison at the command of Pope Alexander VI.
Ort139.10, 142.13.
Collimitius (?) quoted by Cuspinianus.
Quoting Cuspianus: Ort114.4.
Columbus, Christopher (?).
Ort12.16
Columella, Junius Moderatus (c. 36-c.65 A.D.) (Ort193,196,199,200,218,232) wrote a book "De re rustica" <= on farming> (Ort196) and cites Dionysius, Mago and Varro (Ort218).
Columna, Hieronymus (?) wrote "Commentaries" (Ort226) and about the Poet Ennius (Ort209).
Comes, Hermannus Nuenarius (?).
Ort100.4.
Comes, Marcellus (?) (Ort213) wrote "Liber Notitiarum" <= Book of Remembrances or Records> (Ort112,196,203,210,212,214,221) and "Miscellaneous Stories" (Ort212).
Liber Notitiarum <= The book of records> Ort112.8
Comitibus, Nicolaus de (died in 1468) from Padua, Italy wrote "Opus astrologicum" and "Commentarii in Aristotelem".
Ort163.5.
Conestagio, Hieronymus (died in 1635) from Genoa was Archbishop of Capua, Italy. He wrote "Dell’ Unione del regno di Portogallo alla corona di Castiglia" Genoa 1585, translated into French by Nardin and published in Besancon in 1596, and in Latin Frankfurt 1602. It contains information on the Azores. Maybe Ortelius called this work "History" in the text on the Azores (Ort24).
History: Ort24.11
Constantinus, Robert (?) (Ort210) wrote a "Supplement on the Latin Language" (Ort213).
Contarenus, Ambrosius (?) wrote "Persian Journeys" (Ort162,167).
Ort167.10; Persian journies: Ort162.8.
Conti, Nicolo de (?) (Ort163).
Ort163.14-15.
Corio or Corius, Bernardino (1459-1519) (Ort132) from Milan, Italy wrote a history about this city (Ort125) with a Latin title, but further in Italian.
History of Milan: Ort125.8.
Corippus (?) glorious king of great Judah (Ort209,214).
Corius (?).
Ort132.12.
Cornelius, Aurelius (?)
History of Holland: Ort79.21
Corsali or Corsalis, Andreas (16th century) was an explorer by sea in the service of King Emanuel of Portugal. He travelled to the Indies and China in 1516 and recorded this journey in "De navigatione maris rubri et sinus Persici". His "Navigatione in Conchin" was included in Ramusio as well as in Temporal’s "Recueil Tom. II" Lyon, France 1556. He is mentioned on the mapsheet of Ort166 in connection with New Guinea.
On mapsheet concerning New Guinea: Ort166; In text: Ort164.21.
Cortez or Cortesius, Ferdinand (16th century) a Spaniard who conquered Mexico wrote down his experiences in 4 books, published by Ramusio. "His treatise "De insulis noviter inventis" was included in "Novus Orbis" (Ort13) by Simon Grynæus. He also wrote "Navigationes" (Ort13).
Ort9.31, 10.31, 11.34; Novus Orbis: Ort13.2; Navigations: Ort13.9.
Corvinus, Laurentius or Novof (1495-1527) from Neumark (Novoforensis) near Breslau, philologist and geographer, wrote "Geographia ostendens omnes regiones terræ habitabiles, diversa hominum genera" <geography showing all inhabitable regions and its various people>, Basel 1557 after the Geography of Dominicus Niger. He also wrote geographical poems such as "De Polonia et Cracovia" and "De Silesie et Novo foro".
Ort1.36, 2.36, 3.39, 102.13, 103.13, 174.5a.
Corvinus, Mathias (16th century) called Antonio Bonfinus went to the Hungarian court in 1484.
Cousin see Cognatus Nozerenus.
Crantzius or Cranz, Albertus (?) of Münster wrote "Saxonia" (Ort88,89,90,91,92,93,99) and "Metropolis" (Ort85,87), as well as a "Description of Wandalica" (Ort99,101,154,155,158,162).
Ort80.1, 80.42, 81.9, 84.5, 84.8, 85.6, 86.2, 86.6, 95.14, 100.6, 161.13, 161.17, 161.19, 161.29, 161.68-70, 161.75; Chronicle of Saxony Ort88.7, 89.7, 89.10, 89.15, 90.7, 91.8, 92.2, 93.3, 99.4, Bk.5 Ch.27: Ort92.11, 92.15, 92.17, 92.18; Metropolis Bk2, Ch. 13 & 15: Ort85.10, 85.11, Bk.3 Ch.13&15, 90.9, 90.10, Bk.5, ch.27: 87.2, 87.6, 87.8, 87.9, 87.12, 87.17; Wandalica: Ort99.4, 101.6, 101.22, 154.16, 155.16, 162.8, Bk.6: Ort158.8, 158.15. 160.17, 160.26-27.
Cratetes (?) (Ort224).
Cratinus Comicus (?) wrote "De Ulyssibus", quoted by Athenuæs (Ort224).
Crato, Joannes (16th century) of Craftheim, Silesia, royal physician, was a friend of Ortelius who wrote on Silesia (Ort102), as also letters to Ortelius providing him with placenames in German and Czech occuring in Moravia.
Ort102.2, 102.13; 103.13, 104.11; Commentaries on Silesia: Ort102.2.
Cratetes (?) (Ort224).
Cratinus Comicus (?) wrote "De Ulyssibus" quoted by Athenæus (Ort224).
Cremonensis, Gerardus (?).
Ort19.10d, 175.6.
Crigingerius, Ioannes (?) made a map of Bohemia which was published in Prague.
Map of Bohemia published in Prague: Ort101.6, 101.10.
Crispinus, Lucius Quintius (?) (Ort193).
Cromer or Cromerus, Martin (1512-1589), was a Polish historian and theologian who became a leader of the Polish Counter-reformation, who was appointed bishop of Ermeland in 1579. He also wrote two works about Poland: "Chronicon de origine et rebus gestis Polonorum", Basel 1555, Cologne 1589 (Ort88,152,153,154,155,156,157,158) and "Polonia sive de situ, populis moribus … Poloniæ", Basel 1608 and later.
Ort154.4, 155.4; Polish Matters and History: Ort154.16, 155.16, 156.2, 156.9, 157.2, 157.9, 157.23, 158.19, Bk.1: Ort101.6, 101.22, Bk.3: Ort88.12, Bk.12: Ort152.7, 153.8.
Ctesias (?) (Ort217).
Curæus or Curius, Joachim (1532-1573), a physicist of Glogau, wrote a Silesian Chronicle "Gentis Silesiæ annales", Wirtenberg 1571. He had access to unpublished work by Duglossus and reported on this work (Ort154,155,158).
Ort93.11, 102.14, 103.15, 158.7; Quoting Iohannes Duglossus: Ort154.17, 155.17.
Curio or Cælius Augustinus Secundus (1538-1567) published works by Bembo and wrote a Saracen history: "Saracenicæ historiæ libri tres, ab eorum origine ad initium imperii Ottomanici" (Ort163,167,177) Basel 1567, 1568, Frankfurt 1596. Also: Wars on Malta (Ort141) and "About the Kingdom of Morocco" (Ort176).
Wars on Malta: Ort141.12; Saracen History: Ort163.8, 167.5, 177.13; About the Kingdom of Marocco: Ort176.11.
Curtius Quintus (?) (Ort193,221,222,224).
Ort166.8.
Cuspinianus, Johannes (1473-1529) published and commented on the works by Dionysius Apher, as also by Florus. He also wrote "Oratio Protreptica" (Ort150,153) and a description of Austria "Austria" (Ort112,150) published in 1553.
Ort105.7, 106.7, 106.14, 112.9, 168.8, 169.8; History of Austria: Ort116.2, 150.13; Quoted by Collimitius: Ort114.4; Oratio Protreptica: Ort150.13, 153.8.
Cyprianus, Thascius Cæcilius, Saint (died in 258) (Ort209) wrote "Opera". He was converted to Christianity as an adult in 246 and became Bishop of Carthago two years later. He survived the Decian persecutions of 250/251 by retreating from Carthago and ruling his flock by letter, but was beheaded in 258 during another round of persecutions of Christians for refusing to sacrifice to Roman gods.
Cyriacus Appianus (15th century) of Ancona, Italy travelled in Europe and parts of Africa and Asia and reported about his travels. He wrote "Inscriptions" (Ort31).
Inscriptions: Ort31.8, 31.9
Cyriacus Spangeberg see Spangeberg, Cyriacus.
Cytinus, Chius (?) quoted by Apollonius (Ort192).
Dalèchamps or Dalechampus, Jacques (1513-1588) (Ort203,214,222), published and commented on "Historia Naturalis" by Plinius Caius Secundus as "Notes sur l’histoire naturelle de Pline". He also quotes Athenæus (Ort196).
Damascenus, Nicolaus (?) is quoted by Josephus (Ort183) and by Strabo (Ort232).
Damianus à Goes see Goes Damian.
David (See below?)(?) wrote a letter to Pope Clement VII (Ort175).
Letter to Pope Clement the Seventh: Ort175.10.
David Chytræus see Chytræus, David.
De Coronado, Francis Vasquez .
Ort11.40
De Gomara, Francis Lopez .
Ort11.47
De Poldo Albenas (died 1384) was a Benedict monk from Hameln Germany, who wrote "Chronicon ecclesiæ hamelensis 712-1383". He is often confused with Poldo Albenas (1512-1563).
De Reijcke, Iodocus (16th century) from Mechelen, Belgium, a Franciscan, went to a monastery in Quito, Peru, and provided Ortelius with letters describing Peru. He wrote "Letters to the Guardian of the Franciscans" and "Letters to the Flemish Friars" (Ort15).
Letters to the Guardian of the Franciscans & Letters to the Flemish Friars: Ort15.17
Del Campo see Ocampo, Florian d’.
Demosthenes (?) (Ort226). His works were printed in Greek with comments in Latin by Erasmus, Budé and others in 1532 in Basel.
Deventer, Iacob van (?).
Ort80.39.
Diaconus Paulus see Paulus Diaconus.
Dictys Cretensis (?) (Ort224) wrote "Historia Troiana", first printed in 1498. The siege of Troy was one of the greatest subjects for medieval story-tellers, who drew prophecies from and parallels between the history of the Troyan war and events of their own day.
Diego de Torres see Torres Diego de.
Diego Fernandez de Palencia see Fernandez Diego.
Diegus Godoyus see Godoyus Diegus.
Diegus Torresius or Diegus de Turribus see Torres, Diego de.
Diocades (?) is quoted by Plinius (Ort217).
Diodorus Siculus (?) whose works on the ancient history of the East are of importance. Referred to by Ramusio as "Diodoro Siculo: Navigatione di Jambolo". A work by Diodorus Siculus was published by Estienne (Paris, 1559). Diodorus also wrote "On Pytheas" (Ort161). He is quoted by Plinius (Ort217).
Ort8.14, 22.3, 25.8, 141.2, 166.8, 174.18; Bk.1 174.5a; Bk.1-5: Ort1.16, 2.16, 3.16, Bk.5: Ort34.9, 36.21, 141.6, 141.13, Bk.16: Ort149.5, Bk.18: Ort7.7; On Pytheas Bk.2: Ort161.11.
Diogenes, Laertius (?) (Ort224) wrote "Vitæ et sententiæ philosophorum", the Latin translation provided by Ambrosius Traversarius, which was first printed in Rome in 1485.
Diogenetus (?) quoted by Plinius (Ort222).
Dion, Cassius (?) (Ort193).
Dion, Nicæus (?) (Ort212,214).
Dion, Prusæus (?) (Ort189,192,196,197,198,199,200,203,207,208,214,218,220,221,222) wrote "Orations" (Ort166,216,222,224), "Life of Nero" (Ort192), "History of Hadrianus" (Ort216), "Life of Emperor Traianus" and "Oration to Bundvica" (Ort192). He quotes Homerus (Ort212) and is quoted by Theodosius (Ort199) and Causabonis (Ort212).
Ort82.2, 83.2, Bk.27: Ort172.7, Bk.40: Ort63.2; 35th Oration Ort166.8.
Dionysus Alexandrinus see Alexandrinus, Dionysius.
Dionysius Apher (Hadrianus’ time) (Ort211,217,218,223,226) lived in Alexandria and wrote in hexameter verse about seas, coasts and islands of the world as then known. First comments by Eusthatius (from 1166 onwards Archbishop of Thessaloniki, Greece). Further published and commented on by Cuspinianus, by Jo. Camers (Vienna, 1512) and by Robert Estienne (Paris, 1547). From letters referred to in Antonin’s "Itinerar." it appears that Andreas Schott gave a copy of the poem written by Dionysius Apher called "Der Perieget" (Ort199,200) published by Rufus Festus Avienus and commented on by Macer (Ort199,200), as also a copy of the "Itinerarium" by Claudius Rutilus Namiatus in the hope that Ortelius could convince Plantin to publish them. Afer is cited by Columella (Ort218).
Ort1.13, 2.13, 3.13, 31.2, 31.5
Dioscorides, Paulus (?) (Ort193,196,203,210,211,217) wrote about medicinal plants. He was commented on by Angerius Busbechius (Ort149).
Commented on by Angerius Busbechius: Ort149.14.
Divæus, Petrus (1536-1581) of Louvain was a historian from Brabant, Belgium. His main works are "De antiquitatibus Galliæ Belgicæ, adde, qualis sub imoerio Romano" (Ort44), Antwerp 1566, and "De antiquitatibus Brabantiæ". He also wrote comments on Procopius (Ort78).
Ort44.4, 58.7, 79.21; Antiquities of Gallia Belgica: Ort44.7. 45.7; Commenting on Procopius: Ort78.11.
Dominicanus (?) wrote "Annals of the City of Celmar, Germany" (Ort186).
Dominicus Niger, see Niger Dominicus.
Don George of Austria (?), Governor of Harlebeck.
Ort25.10
Dousa, Ianus (?) commenting on Catullus (Ort222).
Duarte Barbosa see Barbosa, Duarte.
Duarte Lopez see Lopez Duarte.
Dubravius or Dubravinius, Ioannes (?) from Pilsen, Bohemia, became bishop of Olmütz and wrote a history of Bohemia (Ort101,104).
History of Bohemia: Ort101.6, 101.8, 101.21, 104.2, 104.3, 104.9, 104.10.
Duglossus, Ioannes or Dlugosz (1415-1480) wrote a history of Poland (Ort104) which was only published incompletely in 1615. His works are known earlier through Joachim Curæus (Ort154,155,156,157).
Ort156.5, 156.6, 156.7, 157.5, 157.6, 157.7; Polish history: Ort104.10; Quoted by Ioachimus Cureus: Ort154.17, 155.17.
Du Haillan (16th century) published a French history by Gregor of Tours, France, in Paris, 1576.
Dupinet or Pinetus (died in 1584) published and commented on Plinius Caius Secundus’ "Historia Naturalis" in Lyon, France 1542. Also "Plants, pourtraits et descriptions de plusieurs villes et forteresses, tant de l’Europe, Asie et Afrique que des Indes et terres neuves". There are references to his work "Description of cities" (Ort1,2,38) which is probably the work just mentioned.
Ort115.12; Cities Ort1.51,2.51,3.56, 38.8
Edling, Peter (?) from Coldberg.
Ort87.17, 89.15, 158.15
Egeinhardus (?) (Ort192).
Egesippus see Hegesippus.
Egnazio or Egnatius, Giovanni Battista (1473-1553) from Italy wrote a history of Emperors.
Ort168.8, 169.8.
Elisius, Joannes (16th century) from Italy wrote "Balnea Ænariarum" Venice 1553 and "De balneis Puteolanis" (Ort142).
Ort142.11, 142.13, 142.15; Baths of Puteoli: Ort142.21.
Emmius Ubbo (1547-1626) from Greith, East Frisia, wrote a Frisian history which was published in Franeker, Friesland, the Netherlands in 1596.
Ort80.25
Empyrus or Empyricus, Sextus (?) (Ort199,200,214) was commented on by Hernetus (Ort199).
Ennius the Poet (?) (Ort209) commented on by Hieronymus Columna (Ort209).
Enricus of Auxerre or Altissiodorensis (9th century) was a Benedict monk who wrote a biography of Bishop Germanus (Ort37).
Life of Saint German: Ort37.5
Ephorus (?) quoted by Strabo (Ort189).
Epimenenides (?) (Ort226) is quoted by St. Paul (Ort217).
Episcopus Upsaliensis (?).
Ort160.17.
Erasmus, Desiderius (1467-1536) of Rotterdam translated the complete works of Aristoteles into Latin and published them in 1531. His work "Adagia chiliades" (Ort79,147,211) which was published by Aldus Manutius in Venice in 1506 is also well known and its aphorisms and scholarship were eagerly incorporated in Ortelius’ Theatrum. He also wrote "Laus Stultitiæ" and "Epistles" (Ort75).
Epistles: Ort75.4, 76.4, 77.4; Chiliades: Ort79.2-8, 147.10.
Erasmus, Michaelis (?) wrote "De re Nautica" <= about naval matters> (Ort161).
De re Nautica Bk.3: 161.31, 161.94-95.
Erasmus Stella see Stella Erasmus.
Eratosthenes (?) (Ort186,194,199,200,213,214); quoted by Varro (Ort189) and by Strabo (Ort224).
Eresius, Theophrastes (?) (Ort186,189) wrote "History of plants" (Ort12,209,217,224).
History of Plants Bk.4, ch.7-9 Ort12.10
Ermolao Barbaro or Hermolius Barbarus(1454-1495) (Ort231), a diplomat from Venice, Italy published and commented on Mela’s "De Situ Orbis". Also "Castigationes Pliniæ" by Plinius Caius Secundum.
Ort142.2.
Erythræus (?) (Ort217) quotes from Virgilius’ Æneads (Ort142).
Quoting Bk.9 of Virgil’s Æneiads: Ort142.7, 142.8.
Estienne, Robert (mid 16th century) published a work by Arrianus in Paris in 1575, and a work by Diodorus Siculus in Paris in 1559, as also by Dionysius Apher in Paris 1547.
Estrella, see Calvuete de Estrella.
Eumanius or Eumenus or Eumenius(?) (Ort196,209) wrote a "Panegyric" (Ort54).
Panegyric: 54.5.
Eunapius (?) (Ort209,219,221).
Euoptius (?) received writings from Synesius (Ort222).
Euphrada (?) the Orator (Ort196).
Euripides (?) wrote "Iphigeneia" (Ort213,217), "Troades" (Ort231) and "Cyclops" (Ort224).
Eusebius, Pamphilius Cæsariensis(?) (Ort179,182,183,186,192,196,199,200,214,216,220,221) wrote a Chronicle "De Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ autores" (Ort189,192,200,216,222), Basel 1554, "De Præparati Evangelica" (Ort192,194,196,199,200,203,207,208,221,222) and "Chronicle" (Ort232).
Ort178.7, 179.7.
Eustachius of Knobelsdorf see Knobelsdorf, Eustachius.
Eusthatius (late 12th century) who lends his ears to fables (Ort209,210,211,213,214,216,217,219,221) became Archbishop of Thessaloniki, Greece, in 1166. He wrote comments on Dionysius Apher (Ort192), on Homerus as also "Reports from Ælius Pollux". He quotes Athenæus (Ort214) and Afer (Ort221,222).
Ort1.14, 2.14, 3.14; Commentaries on Homer: Ort147.21; Reports from Ælius Pollux: Ort147.22.
Eutropius (?) (Ort192,196,199,200,209,212,232).
Ort115.7.
Evagrius (?) (Ort182,183).
Faber, Franciscus (?).
Ort103.15.
Fabius Rusticus see Rusticus Fabius.
Fabricius, Georg (1516-1571), Dean of a grammar school in Meissen after having travelled extensively wrote "Itineraria Romanum, Neapolitanum et Patavinum, Chemnicense, Argentiratense, hexametrico carmine scripta" 1550, also "Roma itinera, monumenta antiqua", also "Origines Saxonicæ", "Annales urbis Misenæ", then "Res Germaniæ magnæ et Saxoniæ universæ memorabiles" and finally "Saxonia illustrata".
Ort104.11, 129.17.
Facellus or Fazellus, Thomas (1498-1570) from Sicily, Italy, wrote a history of Sicily "De rebus Siculis decades II" (Ort176), Palermo 1558, Frankfurt 1579 after the example of Blondus.
Ort141.5, 141.10, 141.20, 141.25; History of Sicily Bk.6 Ch.1: Ort176.10.
Fagotius, Theobald (?).
Ort39.2
Faunus, Lucius (16th century) from Italy wrote "Della antichità della Città di Roma" published in Rome in 1540.
Ort129.17.
Favolius, Hugo (?) (Ort224) wrote "Hodœporicum Byzantium" (Ort146, 149,168,169).
Hodœporicum Byzantium: Ort146.14, 149.15, 168.8, 169.8.
Ferdinand Alarcon see Alarcon Ferdinand.
Ferdinand Lopez de Castanheda see Lopez de Castanheda.
Fernandez Diego de Palencia or Diegus or Jacobus Fernandes (16th century) from Spain helped conquer South America. He wrote "Historia del Peru" Sevilla, Spain 1571 in which he gives a detailed genealogy of the Incas.
Fernandez, Simon (?) same as previous Fernandez?
Ort15.6
Ferrerius (16th century) from Piemont, Italy expanded the Scottish history written by Boëthius and published it in Paris, 1574.
Ferron or Ferronius or Le Ferron, Arnoul or Arnoldus (1515-1563) was a member of Parliament in Bordaux, France, who continued the work begun by Æmilius "De rebus gestis Gallorum libri IX" (Ort44), Paris 1550. Earlier, he wrote "In consuetudines Burdigalensium commentariorum libri II" Lyon 1540, probably unknown to Ortelius.
The French History of Paulus Æmilius: Ort44.4, 45.4
Festus, Rufus Avienus, see Avienus Rufus Festus.
Fineus, Orontius (?) from Dolphinus France (Ort181).
Finnodius (?) (Ort209).
Fiorovanti, Christopher (?).
Ort12.24, 160.17.
Firmicus, Iulius (?) the Christian (Ort193,196,204,205,211,218,222) wrote a Tractate (Ort19).
Ort19.10b; Tractate 19.17
Flaccus, Calpurn(i)us (?) (Ort193,199,200,231).
Flaccus, Quintus Fulvius (?) (Ort193).
Flaccus, Siculus (?) (Ort229).
Flaccus, Valerius (?) (Ort213,226) wrote "About Scythians" (Ort199,200).
Flavius Arrianus, see Arrianus Flavius.
Flavius Campanus see Campanus, Flavius.
Flavius Josephus see Josephus Flavius.
Florian d’Ocampo see Ocampo Florian d’.
Florianus, Joannes (died in 1585), teacher from Antwerp, source of Ortelius map of East Frisia, translated the description of Africa written by Leo Africanus "Ioannis Leonis Africani De totius Africæ Descriptione Lib. IX" and published it in Antwerp, 1556.
Florus Lucius Ænnæus (2nd century) (Ort207,208,212,216,217) wrote a history of Rome "Lucii Ænnæi Flori: De tota Historia Titi Livii Epitome" which was first published by Gaguin at the Sorbonne, Paris in 1471. Other publishers and annotators of Florus’ works were Beroald, Sabellicus, Cuspinianus, Camers ("Annotationum in Lucium Florum Libellus", Vienna 1511) and Janus Gruterus, Heidelberg, Germany 1597.
Ort49.7, 49.19, 63.2
Florus, Paulus Lyrus (?) (Ort214).
Foglietta Uberto (1518-1581), a lawyer and historiographer from Genoa, Italy wrote a history of Genoa called "Historiæ Genuensium libri XII" published by his brother in Genoa in 1585.
Ort125.10.
Fontey, Baptist (?) wrote "Commentaries" which were in turn commented on by Julius Jacobonius (Ort196).
Fortunatus (?) (Ort209).
Fracastorio or Fracastorius, Hieronymus (1483-1533) from Verona was a physician and poet, a friend of Ramusio. In his letters to Ramusio he writes about the nature of the Nile floods. These letters were familiar to Ortelius (Ort8).
Letters Ort8.15
Franciscus Ullaus or Ulloa see Ulloa Franciscus.
Franciscus Paciecus see Pacheco, Frans.
Franciscus Raphelengius see Raphelengius Franciscus.
Franciscus Taraffa see Taraffa Franciscus.
Franciscus Vasquez see Vasquez, Franciscus.
Franciscus Xerez see Xerez Francuscus.
Fredericus Furius Seriolanus see Furius Fredericus Seriolanus.
Freising, Otto see Otto von Freising.
Frethag(ius) Arnold (16th century) was a German physician who provided Ortelius with the story of the Pied Piper of Hameln (Ort99), Germany, described on the map text of Brunswick.
Letter to Ortelius: Ort99.8, 99.11.
Frisius, Gemma (1508-1555) made a world map, and wrote "De astrolabo catholico libellus". He co-operated with Apianus and laid the foundations of triangulation.
Ort81.5; World map: Ort9.73, 11.73.
Frobenius (early 16th century), Augsburg, Germany. Publisher and commentator of Marcellinus Ammianus, 1533.
Frontinus (?) (Ort199,200).
Fulvius, Andreas (?) quoted by Smetius (Ort206).
Ort129.17.
Fulvius Ursinus (1529-1600) published on Roman coins and commented on Sallustius’ "Bellum Iugurthinum",Antwerp, Belgium, 1595.
Ort129.17.
Furius Fredericus Seriolanus or Cæriolanus (1510-1592) from Valencia, Spain spent some time in Louvain Belgium, and possibly also in Antwerp. He wrote "Rhetorica", Louvain 1544 and "Del Consejo y Consejero" Antwerp 1559 and possibly provided Ortelius with information about Valencia.
Ort10.27, 11.30, 29.8, 30.10
Fusch, Remacle (?).
Ort67.4, 67.5
Gabriel Barrius Francicanus see Barrio, Gabriel.
Gaguin (but check Guagnino) or Gaguinus (1425-1502) commented on works by Cæsar in French (published in Paris in 1539), as also the work of Florus "Lucii Ænnæi Flori: De tota Historia Titi Livii Epitome" in 1471 at the Sorbonne, Paris, France. His best known work is a French history to which Ortelius probably refers (Ort37), and "Compendium de origine et gestis Francorum", first published in 1495, and regularly revised until the end of his life. By the end of the 16th century it had run through 20 editions, and by 1514 seven translations had been published.
Normandy Bk.7: 37.3, 37.5
Gaius Julius Solinus see Solinus Gaius Julius.
Galatæus Antonius (1444-1517) (Ort210) was a physician who wrote about geography, e.g. "De situ Japygiæ" (Ort121), Basel 1558, "Descriptio urbis Gallipolis", "De situ elementorum, de situ terrarum, de mari et aquis et fluviorum origine" Basel 1558.
Ort139.10; Treatise on Iapygia: Ort121.10, 121.16, 140.2, 140.8.
Galenus (?), the Prince of Physicians (Ort183,199,200,203,221) wrote "De Medicam Simplic." (Ort149,193,216) and "Methods" (Ort229).
De Medicam Simplic. Bk.9 Ch.2: Ort149.15.
Galfridus or Gaulfridius Monomuthensis (12th century) was an English bishop from Monmouth who wrote "Historia anglicanæ Libri XII".
Ort16.3, 16.5a, 16.5k, 16.14, 19.12, 19.21, 21.10, 21.27
Gallus, Vincentius (?) (Ort232).
Mirror of Histories Bk.2 Ort1.44,2.44
Galvanus, Antonius (died in 1557) was governor of the Moluccas in the East Indies. He wrote "Tratato que compós o nobre e notauel capitao Antonio Galvano", Lisbon, Portugal 1563. Ortelius only knows Galvanus through Maffeius who may have published manuscripts by Galvanus. Galvanus is mentioned as the author of "On the New World" (Ort165).
On the new world: Ort165.24.
Gama, Vasco de ().
Ort8.15
Garcias ab Horto (?).
Ort175.4.
Garibayus Stephanus de Mondragone (16th century) of Spain published a chronicle of Spain "Los quatrente libros del Compendio historial de las cronicas y universal historia de todos los Reinos de Espanna" (Ort25), Antwerp 1571.
Chronicle of Spain: Ort25.8; Bk.15, Ch.9-15 Ort31.12
Garzo, Giovanni (?) of Bologna, former teacher of Stella Erasmus, is claimed to be the author of "De rebus Saxoniæ, Thuringiæ, Libanothiæ, Misniæ et Lusatiæ" which was actually written by Stella Erasmus.
Ort96.7, 96.8.
Gasparis Varrerius see Barreiros, Caspar.
Gastaldi or Castaldus (?) (Ort215).
Gaudentius Merula see Merula Gaudentius.
Gaulfridius see Galfridus Monomuthensis.
Geldenhauer, Gerhard or Gerardus Noviomagus (?) wrote a Dutch history: "Historica batavica" (Ort79,230).
History of Holland: Ort79.21.
Gelenius (early 16th century) from Basel, Switzerland, published and commented on Marcellinus Ammianus, 1533 and also on Josephus (Ort183).
Gellius (?= Gillius) Aulus (?) (Ort221,224) quotes Varro’s Oration (Ort193) and Plinius (Ort196).
Gemblacensis Sigebertus see Sigebertus Gemblacensis.
Geni, Nicolao (?).
Ort160.17.
George Lilye or Lilius see Lilye, George.
George of Austria, Don see Don George of Austria.
Georgieuiz, Bartholomew (?).
Ort169.9.
Georgius, Ludovicus see Barbuda, Luis de.
Georgius of Chemnitz (?).
Ort96.11.
Geraldus (?) wrote "Syntagmata Deorum" (Ort212).
Gerardus Cremonensis see Cremonensis Gerardus.
Gerardus, Ioannes (?).
Ort65.14, 66.14
Gerardus Noviomagus see Geldenhauer Gerhard.
Gerbelius, Nikolas (died 1560 in Strassburg) was a student of Erasmus and wrote two geographical works, "Nikolas Gerbelius in descriptionem Græciæ Sophiani præfatio" Basel 1545 and "Phorcensis pro declaratione picturæ sive descriptionis Græciæ Sophiani libri VII", a book with maps of ancient Greece. He also published a description of Greece written by Michael Sophianus in Basel.
Ort146.14.
Germanicus (?) (Ort222).
Gesnerus, Conradus (?) wrote "Commentaries" (Ort224).
Geumus, Iacobus (?).
Bk.1 Ch.20: Ort136.9.
Ghistelius or Ghistele, Jodocus (?) was mayor of Gent, Belgium. In 1485 he travelled to Palestina and published a description about this journey (Ort147).
Ort170.8; Journey to Jerusalem: Ort147.11.
Gildas Sapiens (?) (Ort192).
Ort19.19
Gilles, Pierre or Petrus Gillius or Gyllius (1490-1555) (Ort213,214) of Bosporus was a natural scientist who travelled in the Mediterranian and Orient area. He wrote "De Topographia Constantinopoleos et de illius antiquitatibus libri IV" (Ort 159) and "De Bosphoro Thracio libri III" (Ort174) which was printed by Cardinal Armaniac in Lyon in 1561. His work "Cosmæ Indopleutes" is mentioned (Ort166).
Ort146.15; On Constantinople: Ort159.8, 174.3; Cosmæ Indopleutes: Ort166.8.
Gillius Petrus see Gilles Pierre.
Giovanni Battista Caraffa see Caraffa Giovanni Battista.
Giovanni Battista Egnazio see Egnazio Giovanni Battista.
Giovanni Nanni see Annius of Viterbo.
Giovanni Verrazzano see Verrazzano Giovannini.
Giovio, Benedetto see Jovius Benedict.
Giraldus or Gyraldis Sylvester Cambrensis (?) was a professor at Oxford, England familiar, with Ireland and Wales who wrote "Topographia Hiberniæ" as also "De laudabilibus Walliæ" and "Itinerarium Cambriæ".
Ort16.18, 21.8, 22.4, 22.29, 23.2, 23.4, 23.6
Girava or Gerava, Hieronymus (16th century) was a Spanish cosmographer who published "Cosmographia y Geographia" Milan, Italy 1555 which contains interesting details about America and a rare map of the region.
Ort1.42,1.68,2.42,2.68,3.45,9.74,11.73-74,13.7,15.2,15.4,15.21; Geography: Ort8.23
Giustiniani, Agostino or Augustinus Justinianus (1470-1536), Bishop of Genoa, late Pope, wrote "Historia Genuensi" (Ort125), Genoa 1537, "Code" (Ort209,212,217,218), "Novellæ" (Ort219,221), "Digestarum Liber" <= laws originating from Iustinianus> (Ort228), "Authentica" (Ort214) and "Institutionum iuris" a popular school manual for teaching law, which was in great demand.
History of Genua: Ort125.10.
Glareanus, Henricus or Loriti of Glarus (1488-1536) was a poet and geographer. He published and commented on Tacitus’ "Germania" and Dionysius of Halicarnasseus. He also wrote a practical geographical work called "De geographia liber unus", Basel 1527, and a poetical description of Switzerland "Helvetiæ descriptio". He also drew a world map in 1510.
Ort4.3, 5.3, 115.4, 115.5, 115.12.
Glaser, Sebastian (?) wrote a "Genealogica" (Ort95) which was published through the Council of Henneberg, Germany.
Pedigree: Ort95.12.
Glycas (?) (Ort214,216) quotes Anastasias (Ort196).
Gobelinus Severinus (?) wrote a book on amber (Ort94). Possibly, this book was sent to Ortelius by Jacob Monau from Breslau, in 1581, see Hessels 106.
Ort91.9; Amber: Ort94.10.
Godoyus, Diegus (?).
Ort9.33,11.36
Goes, Damian or Damianus à (1501-1573) from Spain was a productive writer on geography. He wrote (1) "Urbis Ulyssiponensis descriptio" Evora, Spain 1554; (2) "Hispania" (Ort25), Louvain, Belgium 1542 containing some critical comments on Münster and interesting statistics; (3) "Commentarius rerum gestarum in India citra Gangem, a Lusitanis" Louvain 1539; (4) "Fides, religio moresque Ethiopium sub imperio presbyteri Ioannis" (Ort175), Louvain 1540, 1545, Cologne 1574 and more; (5) Chronicles about King Emanuel and others.
Ort4.4, 5.5, 26.8, 29.6, 30.7; About Ethiopia: Ort175.20; Hispania: 25.8, 25.15, 25.16
Goia, John see Campanus, Flavius.
Gollut, Louis (1535-1565?) wrote "Mémoires de la République Séquoinoise et des Princes de la Franche-Comté de Bourgogne" (Ort51), which was published in Dôle, France in 1592.
The County of Burgundy: Ort51.10
Golzius, Hubertus (?) (Ort224) wrote "Julius Cæsar sive historiæ imperatorum Cæsarumque Romanorum ex antiquis numismatibus restitutæ" (Brugge, 1563) on ancient coins (Ort141), as well as "Fastos magistratum et triumphorum Romanorum ab urbe condita ad Augusti obitum ex antiquis tam numismatum quam marmorum monumentum resitutos dedicavit (Brugge, 1566) on the same subject and on marble statues.
Ort129.17; On ancient coins: Ort141.6.
Gomara, Lopez de see Lopez de Gomara.
Gomez, Berhardinus (died in 1585) was bishop of Aragonia, Spain and wrote "Vita Jacobi I Aragoniæ" ,life of James I of Arragon> (Ort25), which also contains information on the Balearic Islands.
Bk.7: Iames T., King of Arragon Ort25.12, Bk.9, 12 & 13: Ort30.6, 30.7
Gonsalvo or Gonsalis, Ioannes (?) wrote "China".
Ort164.22; China: Ort13.9, .
Gonzalez de Mendoza, Ioannes Antonius (16th century) of Spain went to China in 1576 as requested by King Philip II and wrote down his experiences of China. This report was published in Spanish in Rome and Madrid in 1585, in Italian in Venice 1585, in Latin and German in Frankfurt 1589
Ort9.38,10.38,11.41
Gonzales Oviedus see Oviedus Gonzales.
Goropius Becanus see Becanus Ioannes Goropius.
Goudtsmit, Andreas (?) of Breslau wrote a book on Prussia in Latin and German (Ort157).
Book about Prussia in Latin and German: Ort157.25.
Gracchus, Tiberius (?) (Ort193).
Grammaticus Saxo see Saxo Grammaticus.
Gratarolus Guilielm (1510-1562) was a physician of Bergamo who moved to Germany as a Lutheran. He wrote "De regimine iter agentium vel equitum vel peditum, vel navi, vel curru seu rheda" (Ort4,5) Basel 1561.
De Regimine Iter Agentium Ort4.7,5.8
Gratius or Grætius the Poet (?) (Ort192,193,196,209).
Gravianus, Ioachimus Axonius (?) was interviewed by Ortelius as an eye witness of Daphne (Ort232).
Gregor or Gregory of Tours (540-594) wrote "Historia sive Annales Francorum" published by Du Haillan in Paris, 1576. Gregor also wrote "Epitome de rebus gestis Francorum" and "De gloria martyrum".
Gregoras Nicephorus (12th century, born in 1295) was a Greek historian who wrote "Historia Byzantina" in 38 Books, of which the first 11 Books were translated into German by Hieronymus Wolf from Öttingen, Germany, This was published in 1562 in Basel, Switzerland, in 1567 in Paris, France, and in 1568 and 1587 in Frankfurt, Germany.
Ort163.9.
Gregory Turonensis see Turonensis Gregory.
Gruber or Gruberus, Magnus (16th century) wrote a history of the river Rhein "Rhenum fluvium carmine descripsit Bernhardus Mollerus, eundem Magnus Gruberus soluta oratione". It may be that this work had not yet appeared in Ortelius’ time. In the 1580 Synonymia Ortelius describes this work as not yet having appeared.
Ort56.8, 57.9
Gruterus, Janus (16th century), publisher and commentator of Apuleius’ "De Mundo" and Florus, Heidelberg, Germany, 1597.
Grynæus, Simon (1493-1541) published the work of the Armenian historian Haitho who first became a monk in Cyprus and later in Poitiers, France where he died early in the 14th century. The itinerary "Histoire merveilleuse du Grand-Khan" was the first systematic geography of Asia from the Middle Ages by Haitho. A translation under the title "De Tartaris sive Liber historiarum partium Orientis" appeared in 1529 in Hagenau, Germany. It was bound together with his "Novus Orbis regionum et insularum veteribus incognitarum una cum tabula cosmographica et aliquot aliis consimilis argumenti libellis", 1532, which also contains the treatise "De insulis noviter inventis" by Ferdinand Cortez. He also published the "Almagest" by Ptolemæus.
Guagnino Alexander (1548-1614) from Verona, Italy wrote a history of Poland published in Frankfurt in 1584 and "Descriptio Sarmatiæ Europææ" (Ort156,157,158,162), Krakau 1578, also included by Ramusio.
History of Sarmatia: Ort156.18, 157.18, 158.7, 162.8.
Gualterius Ludovicus see Lud, Walther.
Guiccardini, Ludovicus (1523-1589) was a nephew of the Florentine historian Franceso Guicciardini. He spent the major part of his life in Antwerp, Belgium and wrote there "Descrizione di tutti i Paesi Bassi altrimente Germania inferiore" (Ort61,62) Antwerp 1567.
Ort16.22, 58.2, 58.7, 58.44, 60.4, 60.7, 63.3, 63.6, 65.13, 66.13, 67.5, 67.10, 67.13, 68.6, 69.5, 69.10, 70.5, 70.10, 71.5, 71.10, 72.14, 73.14, 75.5, 75.7, 76.7, 77.5, 77.7, 78.8, 79.17, 79.21, 79.25, 79.27, 80.42; Lower Germany: Ort61.10, 62.10, 81.9.
Guido of Ravenna, see Ravenna, Guido.
Guilandinus, Melchior (16th century), a physician from Königsberg Germany, later professor at Padua, Italy, published and commented on Plinius Caius Secundum’s "Historia Naturalis" as "Commentarius in Plinium de Papyro", Venice 1572.
Ort174.5a, 174.10.
Guntherus Ligurinis <of Genoa> (12th century) wrote a poem called "Ligurinus sive de gestis Frederici I libri X", a description of the battles which Frederick Barbarossa fought with the Milan people whom he calls Ligures. This poem was discovered in a monastery by C. Celtis who gave it to K. Peutinger who published it in 1507. In 1531 an edition appeared by J. Spiegel in Strassbourg. In 1569 a new edition was published by Otto von Freising in Basel, Switzerland which also included a biography of Friedrich I.
Ort49.3
Guzman, Nunnius, also Nunnius Pincianus (16th century) from Spain published and commented Mela’s "De Situ Orbis" and Plinius Caius Secundus’ "Historia Naturalis", Salamanca, Spain 1544, Antwerp, Belgium 1547, and Frankfurt, Germany 1569. He participated in a military expedition to New Galicia from 1528-1531, conquering Jalisco and Culicania.
Ort9.35,10.35,11.38
Gyraldus Cambrensis see Giraldus Cambrensis.
Gyraldus Lilius Gregorius (born in 1479) (Ort217) from Ferrara, Italy wrote a book about navigation "De navigiis et navigationibus, seu de re nautica libellus" Basel 1540.
Gyrton (?) is addressed by Petronius (Ort196).
Hackluyt or Hakluyt, Richard (1552-1616) from England was a friend of Ortelius who wrote "Divers Voyages touching the Discovery of America" London 1582, and "The principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques & Discoveries of the English Nation, by Sea or Over-land to the Remote and Farthest Distant Quarters of the Earth at anu time within the Compasse of these 1600 Yeeres, 12 volumes," (Ort186), London 1598-1600. Ortelius makes frequent reference to his "English Voyages" (e.g. in Ort8,11,13,224).
English voyage II: Ort8.15,11.52,13.9.
Hadrianus Barlandus see Barlandus, Hadrianus.
Hadrianus Junius see Junius Hadrianus.
Hadrianus Marselarius see Marselarius Hadrianus.
Haitho, also Hethoum or Haython or Curchinus, Antonius (13th century) (Ort12) was an Armenian historian who first became a monk in Cyprus and later in Poitiers, France where he died early in the 14th century. His itinerary "Histoire merveilleuse du Grand-Khan" is the first systematic geography of Asia from the Middle Ages. A translation under the title "De Tartaris sive Liber historiarum partium Orientis" appeared in 1529 in Hagenau, Germany. It was also bound with "Novus Orbis" of Grynæus.
Ort12.2, 163.8, 174.7, 174.9.
Halicarnassæus or Halicarnassus, Dionysius (?), a writer of good credit, (Ort204,205,207,208,209,210,214,218,223).
Hamelmann, Hermann (1525-1595) wrote a chronicle on Oldenburg and histories of Westfalia (Ort100) and Saxonia (Ort93). Braun refers to his Westfalia book in a letter to Ortelius of February 6, 1572.
Ort91.8; Histories of Saxony and Westfalen: 93.4, 100.6.
Hammonius, Georgius Agricola (?) wrote "Itinerary of the Blessed Mary" (Ort170).
Itinerary of the Blessed Mary: Ort170.9.
Handschius, Georg (1529-1578) was a physician of Bohemia. In 1550 he went to Italy, and translated the Book of Herbs by Mattioli into German, Prague 1563. He also published a book on the history Prague (Ort101).
Description of Prague: Ort101.6, 101.23.
Hanibald (?).
Ort80.23.
Hanno (?) of Carthago (Ort186) wrote a book on "Africa" (Ort8).
Africa Ort8.14
Haye, Jean de la (?) was an adventurer who met his death after treason. He wrote "Mémoires et recherches de France et de la Gaule Aquitanique".
Ort38.8
Hecatæus (?) (Ort213) wrote a "Cosmography" quoted by Stephanus (Ort193).
Heduus, Quintinus (?) wrote On Malta (Ort141).
On Malta: Ort141.10, 141.29.
Hegesippus (?) (Ort182,183,192,196,199,200) wrote "The Destruction of Jerusalem" (Ort180).
The destruction of Jerusalem Bk.3, Ch.26: Ort180.25.
Heinsius, Petrus (Ort3).
Ort1.50,3.54
Heliodorus (?) (Ort192,193,220,221).
Hellicanus (?) quoted by Tzetzes (Ort216).
Helmold (?) was a priest from Busow who lived in the time of Barbarossa. His "Chronicon Sclauorum" was published with annotations by Reineccius.
Helmond or Helmondus (?).
Ort87.6, 87.17, 89.15, 92.15.
Hemina, Cassius (?) is quoted by Solinus (Ort223).
Henneberg, Caspar (?).
Ort156.9, 157.9, 157.24.
Henry of Huntingdon see Huntingdon, Henry of.
Heraclides (?) (Ort214) wrote "Politics" (Ort207,208,214,216), "Commonwealth" (Ort217) and quotes Polyænus (Ort216).
Herbacius, Ioannes ().
Ort4.7,5.8
Herberstein, Sigismund, Freiherr of (1486-1566), governor and historian, went as German envoy to Russia twice. He reported his experiences in a very interesting work which was translated in Latin, German, Italian and Bohemian. Its Latin title: "Rerum Moscovitarum commentarii", (Ort150,154,155,160,189), Vienna 1549.
Ort158.7, 158.12, 162.2, 162.8, 162.11, 163.4, 163.7, 163.8, 163.12, 163.16; Commentaries on Moscovy: Ort150.13, 154.16, 154.24, 155.16, 160.17.
Hercules, Alemanus (?).
Ort110.11.
Hercules Prodicius (?).
Quoted by Pighius Ort111.6, 112.6.
Hermolius Barbarus see Ermolio Barbaro.
Hernetus (?) commenting on Sextus Empyrus (Ort199,200).
Herodianus of Syria (c. 165-c.250 A.D.) (Ort192,199,200,203,209,214,218,222) wrote "Historia de imperio past Marcum". It is a history of the Roman emperors from the death of Marcus Aurelius to A.D 238. It was first printed in 1493 in Bologna.
Herodotus (Ort174,180,186,189,199,200,212,213,214,216,218,219,220,221,222,224,226,231) wrote "Polymnia" (Ort172,180), "Thalia" (Ort8,216), "Melpone"(Ort8), "Euterpe" (Ort172) and "Clio" (Ort207,208).
Ort8.7, 121.10, 140.2, 166.3, 166.8, 174.5a, 174.18; Bk.4 Ort4.2, 5.2; Thalia: Ort8.8; Melpone: Ort8.14; Polymnia: Ort172.7, 180.11; Euterpe: Ort172.9.
Herold, Johann (1521-1562) wrote "De Germaniæ veteris veræ, quam primum vocant, locis antiquissimis orthodoxographia", also "Leges antiquæ Germanorum", Basel 1557, and also "Chronologia Pannoniæ". Ortelius also mentions a work on the old settlements in Rhetiæ and Roman army camps (Ort56).
Treatises about Roman camps in Germany, and about their settlements in Rhætia Ort56.8, 57.9
Hesiodus (?) quoted by Diodorus Siculus (Ort211).
Hessus, Helius, or Eobanus (1488-1540) from Bockendorf in Hessen, moved to Nurnberg in 1526. He wrote a poem in Latin "Hessi Eobani de profectione ad Des. Erasmum hodœporicum" which was published in Erfurt in 1518.
Ort92.4, 95.16.
Hesychius the Greek (?) (Ort224,231) wrote a "Lexicon" (Ort197,198).
Hierome, or Hiernonymus, Saint (c.342-420) (Ort182,186,210,221,224,232) wrote "Epistles", first printed in 1470. His second Epistle, addressed to the virgin Geruchia, quotes from Ardens the poet (Ort177), a letter to Iovianus (Ort72), a "Treatise against Symmachus" (Ort218), and a "Prophet Essay" (Ort193). Also: "About Pelusiotæ" (Ort221).
Ort47.4, 49.2, 150.17, 178.7, 179.7, 180.27, 180.41, 180.49; Bk.2, Letter To Iovinianus: Ort72.14, 73.14; Second Epistle addressed at to virgin Geruchia, quoting from Ardens the Poet: Ort177.22.
Hieronymus Conestagio see Conestagio Hiernonymus.
Hieronymus Fracastorio see Fracastorio Hiernonymus.
Hieronymus Girava see Girava Hieronymus.
Hieronymus Osorio see Osorio Hieronymus.
Hippius (?) reports on Festus (Ort203).
Hippocrates (?) wrote "Air and Waters" (Ort189).
Hirtius (?) (Ort196,218) wrote "De Bello Alexandrino".
Hispalensis Isidorus see Isidorus Hispalensis.
Hispalensis Medina Pedro see Medina Pedro Hispalensis.
Holland, Philemon (?) (Ort192).
Holy Script (Ort181,182,183,194,212,217,219,220,221,222).
Ort6.10, 7.10, 172.2-6, 172.8-9, 172.12, 173.2, 175.6, 175.7, 175.8, 175.14, 178.2, 178.6, 179.2, 179.6, 180.2-49.
Homerus (8th century B.C.), the Prince of the Poets (Ort147,193,209,211,212,214,223), wrote "Ilias" and "Odyssee" (Ort224,231), first printed and published 1488 in Florence, edited by Chalcondylas; quoted by Dion Prusæus (Ort212) and by Strabo (Ort214,217).
Ort19.20, 65.2, 66.2, 142.2, 142.7, 142.11, 147.21.
Honorius Augustodunensis (?) (Ort221).
Honorius, Chus (?) (Ort193,219) wrote "Image of the World" (Ort197,198).
Honterus or Honter, Ioannes (1498-1549) is a geographer from Transylvania who published a geographical schoolbook "Rudimentum cosmographiæ libri duo" in Krakau in 1530. Of particular importance for cartography is a revised edition of this work of 1542 with very accurate maps.
Ort1.26,2.26,3.29
Hopkinson, Iohn (?).
Ort178.8, 179.8.
Hoppenrode, Andreas (died in 1584), Priest from Heckstädt in Mansfeld, Germany, who wrote a genealogy of the most important families in Saxonia called "Pedigrees" (Ort85), published in Strassbourg in 1570.
Pedigrees: Ort85.13, 90.12, 94.4.
Hopper, Ioachim (?).
Ort81.6.
Horatius, Flaccus (?) the Old Explainer (Ort193,196,199,200,209,224,231) wrote Poems (Ort142) and "Ars Poetica (Ort228). Was commented on by Acron (Ort212).
Poems Bk.3: Ort142.21.
Hortentius Lambertus (1500-1574) of Montfort wrote "Secessionem Ultrajectinarum libri VII" (Ort79?), Basel 1546 and "Chorographia Goylandiæ versu elegiaco".
History: Ort79.22.
Hoveden, Roger of (12th century) was an English historian. His "Annales rerum Anglicarum" <annals of English matters> (Ort31) was intended to be a sequel to Beda’s Ecclesiastical History. It was published by Savile in London, 1596.
Bk.2 Chronicle on England Bk.2: Ort31.29
Hubert or Hubertus Leodius, Thomas <= of Liege> (?) (Ort197,198) wrote "De Tungris & Eburonibus".(Ort69).
Ort58.7, 63.2, 63.6, 65.14; De Tungris & Eburonibus: 69.7, 69.10, Hubert Thomas of Liege 70.7, 70.10, 71.7, 71.10.
Hugo Brinckhorstius see Brinckhorstius Hugo.
Humfred Lhuyd see Lhuyd, Humfred.
Hund, Wiguleius (?) wrote a catalogue on bishops (Ort107).
Catalogue of Bishops: Ort107.4, 108.4.
Hunerich (5th century) ordered the compilation of "Notitia Provinciarum" (Ort228). This is a list of the bishops and their sees in the Roman Provinces of North Africa, arranged according to the provinces. The cause of its preparation was the summoning of the episcopate to Carthago on February 1, 484, by the Arian king of the Vandals, Hunerich (477-484). It also lists the exiled bishops and vacant sees, and is an important authority for the history of the African church and the geography of these provinces. It is incorporated in the only extant manuscript to the history of the Vandal persecution by Bishop Victor of Vita, and is printed in the editions of his work.
Hunibald or Hunibaldus, nonexisting author who according to Trithemius wrote a Chronicle on the Franks.
Ort100.4.
Huntingdon, Henry (12th century) wrote a History of England in 1154, later published by Savile.
Ort16.14, 22.40
Hyginus or Hygenus or Hychinus (?) (Ort196,203,216,221) wrote "Ariete" (Ort222) and "Fables" (Ort224,226).
Hypsipula (?) (Ort226).
Iginus (?) wrote about the cities of Italy 600 years ago, quoted by Guido of Ravenna (Ort117, Ort118).
Quoted by Guido About the cities of Italy: Ort117.5, 118.5.
Iordanus, Marcus (?) from Holstein (designer of the map of Denmark, Ort84,85) wrote a Peregrination of St. Paul (Ort181).
Ort18.15, 84.6, 84.11, 85.7, 86.7
Iornandes (?) (Ort161,189,192,196,199,200,203,207,208,212,213,224), wrote "Getish story", (Ort12).
Ort161.9; Getish History 12.9
Iovius, Benedictus (?) wrote a history on Como (Ort129).
History of Como: Ort129.14.
Iovius, Paulus (?) (Ort174) worked at the Embassy of the Moscovites and wrote a letter to Clement the Eighth (Ort162).
Ort16.5k, 16.14, 16.18, 129.13, 168.8, 169.8, 174.12, 174.13; Letter to Clement the Eighth: Ort162.8.
Irenicus or Ireney, Franz, or Franciscus or Friedlieb (1495-1559) (Ort228) from Ettlingen, Germany, describes Germany in twelve books: "Germaniæ exegeseos volumina duodecim a Francisco Irenico Ettelingiaco exarata" (Ort56,230) which appeared in Hagenau in 1518.
Ort56.7, 57.8, 57.10, 61.10, 62.10, 85.10, 87.15, 89.13, 90.9, 95.3, 97.19, 107.2, 108.2, 111.6, 112.6; Exposition of Germany Bk.1 Ch.2: Ort56.9; Quoting Naucler and Abbot Berno: Ort114.4.
Isaac, Aben (?) wrote a "Geography" (Ort183).
Isacius or Isacrius Tzetzes (?) (Ort210,224) wrote "Chiliades" (Ort203,222) and comments on Lycophron (Ort161,192,224).
Comments on Lycophron: Ort161.11, 161.29.
Isidorus Hispalensis, Saint (Ort182,183,189,192,199,200,203,221,222) wrote "Origines" (Ort193,197,198,212) and cites Plautus (Ort196).
Ort3.42, 22.9, 23.4, 31.5
Isogonus (?) is quoted by Plinius (Ort212).
Ismael Abilfedea (Ort3).
Ort1.25, 2.25, 3.28
Isocrates (?) quoting Philostratus (Ort189). He also wrote "Panegyricos" (Ort189,215).
Isogonus (?) mentioned in Livius (Ort203).
Italicus, Silius or Sylvius, the Worthy Poet from Spain (?) wrote "Punicorum", an important source on the Punic wars between Rome and Carthago. (Ort189,193,206,207,208,209,218,222).
Ort137.15, 142.11; Bk.1: Ort31.6, 31.17
Iuba, (?) (Ort210).
Iuretus, Francis (?) wrote "Annotations on Symmachus" (Ort222).
Jacobonius, Julius (?) wrote "Adjoiner to Commentaries by Baptist Fontey, cited from P. Ligorius (Ort196).
Jacobus Ferdinandez see Fernandez Diego de Palencia.
Jacobus Lessabæus see Lessabæus Jacobus.
Jasolinus, Julius (16th century) from Santa Eufemia, Italy was a physician who wrote "De Rimedi naturali che sons nell’ isola di Pithecusa". He also designed a map of Ischia which Ortelius used.
Ort142.11, 142.15, 142.17.
Jean de Vassée see Vasæus Joannes.
Jenkinson, Master (?) made a map of Russia (Ort189).
Jeremia, (Holy Script) (?) : "Prophecies" (Ort218).
Jesuits Epistles (?).
Epistles: Ort9.27, 10.27, 11.30, 164.22, 165.24, 166.8, 167.10.
Joachim Blanchon see Blanchon Joachim.
Joannes Aventinus see Aventinus Joannes
Joannes Campanus see Campanus Joannes.
Joannes Candidus see Candidus Joannes.
Joannes Crato see Crato Joannes.
Joannes Florianus see Florianus Joannes.
Joannes Gonzalez de Mendoza see Gonzalez de Mendoza, Joannes
Joannes Leo Africanus see Leo Africanus.
Joannes Major see Major, Joannes.
Joannes Vasæus see Vasæus, Ioannes.
Joannes Verazzanus see Verazzanus Joannes
Jobst or Jobstius, Wolfgang (died in 1575) was a physician of Frankfurt on de Oder who wrote a description of Brandenburg (Ort93).
Ort97.19; Description of Brandenburg: Ort93.9.
Jodo Bermudez see Bermudez Jodo.
Jodocus de Rijcke see De Rijcke.
Jodocus Ghistele see Ghistele Jodocus.
Jodocus of Meggen see Meggen, Jodocus.
Jodocus Willichius see Willichius Jodocus.
John Goia see Campanus, Flavius.
Josaphat Barbaro see Barbaro Josaphat.
Josephus Flavius or Joseph ben Matthias (37-100), a most serious scholar of Palestine was by birthright a priest, but became a politician and historian who visited Rome and sided with the Romans during the destruction by the Romans of the Holy Land and in particular Jerusalem and its Temple. He wrote "The Jewish War" (Ort170,180,182,183,193,199,200) for which he is best known, but also "Antiquities of the Jews" (Ort183,199,200,213,228), longer and duller than the previous one, "Life" an unconvincing self-justification and "Against Appian" (Ort212,218,221) a counterblast to an anti-Semitic outburst in Alexandria.
Ort8.11; About the Jewish Wars: Bk.1 Ch.12: 172.8, 172.12, Bk.3, Ch.2: Ort170.8, Bk.6: Ort170.9; Quoted by Ortelius: Ort175.8.
Jovius Benedict or Benedetto Giovio (1471-1544) from Como, Italy wrote "Storia di Como, a cui va aggiunta la descrizione del lago".
Jovius, Paulus (1483-1552) of Como, Italy, a brother of Benedict Jovius, wrote "Libellus de legatione Basilii magni Principis Moscoviæ ad Clementem VV Pon. Max." Rome 1525 which has also appeared with the title "Descriptio Moscoviæ" Basel 1537. He also wrote "Descriptio Brittanniæ, Scotiæ, Hiberniæ et Orcadum" Basel 1546.
Juan Christoval see Calvuete de Estrella.
Juan de Mariana see Mariana Juan de.
Judæus, Philo (?) (Ort226).
Julianus (?) the Emperor (Ort,36196,232) wrote "Misopogonus, (Ort36,196,199,200,232) which is quoted by Tacitus (Ort199,200), a "Letter to Alypius", (Ort186), to "Maximus the Philosopher" (Ort199,200) and to Libanus the Sophist (Ort231,232). He also wrote "De Cæsaribus" (Ort203). He is quoted by Suidas (Ort199,200).
Misopogonus: Ort36.10
Julius Jasolinus see Jasolinus Julius.
Julius Primus ().
Ort3.20
Junius Hadrianus or Hornanus (1515-1575) from Hoorn, the Netherlands, wrote "Batavia" (Ort79,189,199,200), Antwerp 1588.
Ort19.13; Batavia: Ort79.21
Justinianus Augustinus see Giustiniani.
Justinus, Marcus Junianus (3rd century A.D.) wrote comments on Trogus Pompeius called "Epitome in Trogi Pompeii Historias Philippicas" (Ort183,197,198,210), first printed in Venice in 1470. The original work was written in the first century A.D. by Trogus and survives only in this 3rd century Epitome. It is a great universal history of the first century A.D., valued for its concentration on the history of peoples outside Italy, and includes a description of the Macedonian empire founded by Philip and greatly expanded by Alexander.
Justus Lipsius see Lipsius Justus.
Juvenalis the Poet (?) (Ort145,193,196,199,200,209,218,222) wrote "Satires" (Ort193,222).
Ort145.12.
Juvenis, Ioannes (?) (Ort210).
Kempius, Cornelius (16th century) from Dokkum, Friesland, the Netherlands, was a Frisian historian and geographer who wrote "De origine, situ et qualitate Frisiæ libri III" (Ort80), published in Cologne, Germany in 1588.
Ort80.6, 80.25, 81.9, 83.10; On Friesland: Ort80.29.
Kimchi the Rabbi (?).
Kimchi the Rabbi: Ort175.9.
Knobelsdorf, Eustachius or Eusthatius (1519-1571) wrote two geographical poems: "Descriptio magniæ Franciæ" and "Carmina in laudem metropolis totius regni Galliæ".
Ort34.9, 36.21
Knolles, Richard (?).
Ort169.8.
Krantz, Albert (died in 1517) from Hamburg wrote four important works: "Vandalia", "Saxonia", "Dania" and "Metropolis".
Kyriander, Wilhelm (16th century) published a Latin translation of Albertus Leander’s description of Italy in Cologne, Germany in 1567.
Lactantius, Lucius Cœlius Firmianus (c.240-c.320) (Ort196,221,224) wrote "De divinis institutionibus", "De ira dei" and "De opificio dei vel de formatione hominis".
Laërtius or Laërtes, Diogenes (?) (Ort194,226) wrote a "Biography" (Ort186), and "Life of Pyrrhus Eliensis" (Ort203). He quotes Archelaus the Chorographer (Ort222).
Laguna, or Lacuna, Andreas Count (1499-1560) of Spain translated Aristotle’s "Peri Kosmou" into Latin and published it in Alcala in 1538. He wrote "Vita Galeni" Venice 1548 and "Libri octo ultimi ex Commentariis Geoponicis, seu de re rustica olim Constantino Cæsari adscriptis" Cologne 1543 and also seems to have published about Turkish matters (Ort168,169).
Ort168.8, 169.8.
La Marche or Marca , Olivier de la or Olivera (1426-1502) came from Burgundy who first served the Duke of Burgundy and later Philips from Castilia. He wrote "Mémoires" Lyon 1561, 1562, Gent 1567. Ortelius refers to his "Chronicle" (Ort26).
Marca, Olivera 26.12; Chronicle: Ort26.7
Lambertus Hortentius see Hortensius Lambertus.
Lampridus or Lampridius, Ælius (?) (Ort194,196,203,218,232) is quoted by Severus (Ort193,227).
Laonicus (?).
Ort163.9; Bk.1: Ort25.9, Bk.5: Ort125.10, 153.8, Bk.10: Ort147.18.
Latinus Pacatus see Pacatus Latinus.
Laurentius Ananiensis see Anania Lorenzo d’.
Laurentius Corvinus see Corvinus Laurentius.
Lazius, Wolfgang (?) (Ort212) wrote "Commentarii rerum Viennensium", "Roman Commonwealth" (Ort153) and "Commentaries on History of Greece" (Ort159,214,216).
Ort1.56, 2.56, 3.61, 95.3, 116.9, Lazius 143.5; Commentaries on Vienna: Ort105.6, 105.7, 106.6, 106.7; Roman Commonwealth Bk.12, Ch.2, section 1: Ort153.8; Commentaries on Greece: Ort159.8; Quoting Strabo: Ort116.8; Quoting Antony Vrantz 146.14.
Leander Albertus see Albertus Leander.
Legionensis, Petrus Ciecus (?).
Ort9.29
Leland, John (1506-1552) from London was Court chaplain and travelled throughout Great Britain between 1535 and 1543 in order to write a history of England. This history was never written, but his important travel notes were published by Bale as "The Laboriouse Journey and Serche of John Leland", London 1549. He also wrote "Genethliacon" (Ort21).
Genethliacon Ort21.11, 21.12
Le Maire, Jean or Ioannes Marius (1473-1548) from Bavai, Hannonia, Belgium, wrote "Illustrations de France" Paris 1512, and possibly "Illustrations de Gaule Belgique" Nantes, France 1509-1512. Further: "Généalogie des Turcs" and "Géographie de la Turquie, de la Grèce et des isles voisines".
Ort34.8, 36.20
Lemnius Levinus (1505-1568) from Zierikzee, Zeeland, the Netherlands, wrote "De occultis naturæ miraculis lib. IV" (Ort78).
Ort78.16, 78.20; De occultis naturæ miraculis: Ort78.2, 78.7
Leo Africanus Ioannes, originally Al-Hassan Ibn Mohammed Alwazzan (died about 1526) (Ort218) studied in Fez, Morocco, travelled throughout North Africa, crossed the Atlas mountain range, made journeys in the Middle East and was captured by pirates on the Mediterranean island Zerbi. He was brought to Pope Leo X in Rome, and showed his manuscript describing North Africa. The Pope took him into his service, he was converted to Christianity and assumed the name of his benefactor Leo. He later reverted to the Islam. He published his description of Africa in Arabic and Italian (Ort8,174), a work which was very influential. Ramusio also published it, and Marmolius used it for his own description of Africa. Ortelius probably knew Leo Africanus’ work through a Latin translation by Joannes Florianus of this work: "Joannis Leonis Africani De totius Africæ Descriptione Lib. IX" published in Antwerp 1556.
Ort174.5a, 174.6, 174.7, 174.8, 176.4, 176.10, 176.13-17, 177.2; Bk.2: Ort177.10, 177.13, Bk.3: Ort177.21; Africa: Ort8.11, 8.15, Bk.4: Ort141.17, Bk.8: Ort174.10, 174.13, Bk.9: Ort175.17.
Leo, Emperor (?) (Ort196) wrote "De Bellico Apparatus" <=War preparations> (Ort169,196,203).
War Preparations Ch.18: Ort169.9.
Leodius, Hubertus see Hubertus Leodius.
Leon, Æscius Eduardus Frisius (?).
Ort81.9.
Léon Cieza Pedro de see Cieza Pedro de Léon.
Leonicus, or Leonicenus, Nicolaus (1428-1524) (Ort141) wrote "Libellus de Epidemia quam vulgo morbum Gallicum vocant", published in Venice in 1497. It is the first scholarly treatise on syphilis. Niccolò Leonico, eminent Hellenist and professor of medicine at Ferrara, was one of the editors of the Aldine Aristotle and a personal friend of Aldus. He translated Galenus and Hippovrates and wrote several influential treatises criticising the Latin and Arabic transmissions of the Greek medical authorities. Most controversial was his 1492 tract "On the errors of Plinius" which provoked heated debate and earned him fame as the first to apply humanist textual techniques to a specialist subject. In his treatise on syphilis, which had broken out in 1495 during the French siege of Naples, Leoniceno tried to show that the disease had existed previously in the remote past. He also wrote comments on Lucanus, published in Venice in 1475.
Ort141.8.
Leopardus (?) the Interpreter (Ort196).
Lesbius, Marsylus (?) (Ort207,208).
Leslie or Lesley, John (1527-1596) from Scotland was a leading Catholic in the time of Maria Stuart and later a bishop. He wrote a history of Scotland "De origine, moribus et rebus gestis Scotorum a primordio gentis ad annum 1562" which relied heavily on Boëthius, but with an original geographical description by way of introduction, called "Regionum et insularum Scotiæ descriptio".
Ort18.15
Lessabæus Iacobus (died in 1557) from Hannonia, Belgium wrote "De Hannoniæ urbibus, locis nominatioribus ac cœnobiis chronicon universale" (Ort69), and "Commentaries" (Ort65).
Ort70.2, 70.10, 71.2, 71.10; Treatise on Hannonia: 69.2, 69.10; Commentaries: Ort65.14
Leuclauius or Lowenclau or Lewenclaw, Johann, the learned (1533-1592 or later) (Ort213,214,215,217,224) from Westfalia extensively travelled the Orient and wrote various works about Turkish history, as "Hansen Löwenclaus Neue Chronika türkischer Nation" (Ort169) which appeared in Frankfurt, Germany in 1590. His letters to Joachim Camerarius the young contain geographical information. He criticized Minadous’ "Historia della Guerra fra Turchi e Persiani".
Ort154.5, 155.5, 158.2, 158.6, 158.7; Annals of the Sultan of the Ottomans: Ort169.9.
Levinus Apollonius see Apollonius Levinus.
Levinus Lemnius see Lemnius Levinus.
Lhuyd or Llhuyd or Lloyd or Lhuidus, Humfred or Humphrey (16th century) from Denbigh, Wales, was described by Camden as the most prominent scientist of his time. He was a physician with strong interests in archaeology and geography and drew a map of England used by Ortelius (see Hessels nr. 27). He wrote "Commentarioli Britannicæ desciptionis fragmentum" (Ort17), Cologne, Germany 1572, the treatise "De Mona Druidum" which was appended to all editions of Ortelius’ Theatrum and a Chronicle on Wales, London 1584.
Ort16.3, 16.18, 16.20, 18.2, 19.59; England: 17.11, 20.15; De Mona Druidum: 21.2, 21.7, 21.11
Libanius or Libianus Sophista see Sophista Libanisu.
Liberalis Antonius see Antonius Liberalis.
Ligorius, Pyrrhus (?) is quoted by Iulius Iacobonius (Ort196).
Ort129.17.
Ligurinus Guntherus see Guntherus Ligurinis.
Limprand (?) (Ort67).
Linschoten, Johannes Huighen van (?) wrote a "Journal" mentioned in the Azores text, Ort 24.
Lilius or Lilio Zacharias Vicentus (15th century) (Ort210), from Vicenza, Italy wrote "Breviarum orbis" (Ort2,122) which was published in Florence in 1493.
Ort1.41, 3.44; Breviary about the world Ort2.41, 122.14, 122.16.
Lilius or Lilye, George or Gregorius (died in 1559) was a Canon at St. Paul’s Cathedral, London who wrote "Chronicon Anglicorum Regum" Venice, Italy 1548, as also "Nova et antique Locorum nomina in Anglia et in Scotia".
Ort16.5k, 16.18
Limprand (?)
Ort67.10
Linschoten, Jan Huygen (born in 1563) from Haarlem, the Netherlands was a Dutch explorer who went to Sevilla in 1579 and to Lisbon in 1583. He travelled to Goa, where he remained until 1589.He wrote about his experiences "Itinerario ofte schipvaert naar Oost of Portugael’s Indien" (Ort24).
Journal Ch. 97: Ort24.10, 24.11
Lipsius, Justus (16th century) (Ort199,200,203,222) published and commented on Tacitus’ "Germania". He also commented on Vellejus Paterculus’ "Historia Romana", Leiden, the Netherlands 1591. Quoted by Smetius (Ort206).
Ort56.8, 57.9
Livius, Titus (59 B.C.-17 A.D.), a man of singular judgment, (Ort196,203,207,208,209,214,216,217,218,222,223,224,231) was a prominent Roman historian who wrote a history of Rome: "De Urbe condita" <= since the foundation of Rome>. (Ort8, 142,217) and "Historiæ Romanæ Decades" (Ort159,206), first published in Venice in 1470. Livius’ "History of Rome" from its origin to 9 B.C. originally consisted of 142 books which copiists soon divided up into "Decades" or "Decads" of 10 books each. The whole survived until the end of the Roman period, but only 35 books were available to readers in the Middle Ages and thereafter. Livius quotes Isogonus (Ort203). He also wrote an "Epitome" about which Ortelius complains that he cannot acquire it for his library (Ort199,200).
Ort19.10d, 19.20, 29.2, 30.2, 31.29, 123.3, 123.7, 123.8, 127.2, 132.11, 136.4, 142.3, 142.19; Bk.12: Ort49.18; Bk.21: Ort49.7, Bk.39: 132.4; Decades Bk.1: Ort159.8; Quoted by Sanutus: Ort8.15;
Livius Saputus see Saputus, Livius.
Longolii, Christoforus, see Christoforus Longolii.
Lombardus Francesco (16th century) from Naples, Italy wrote "Synopsis eorum, quæ balneis aliisque miraculis Puteolanis scripta sunt" which was published in Venice.
Ort142.11.
Lopez de Castanheda or Castagnedo, Ferdinand (16th century) from Portugal (Ort164) wrote "Historia de descobrimento e conquista da India per los Portogueses" (Ort166), Coimbra Portugal 1552, Antwerp (first book only) 1554.
Ort164.22; Discourse on the Indies: Ort166.8.
Lopez de Gomara, Franciscus (16th century) from Sevilla, Spain, wrote a history and ethnographic report on the West Indies "Hispania victrix, Historia general de las Indias", Saragossa 1552, which was translated into Italian by Maurus Lucius who published it in Venice in 1566.
Ort9.44,10.44
Lopez Duarte (16th century) was a Portuguese explorer who lived in Loanda until 1587 and published about Africa. On the basis of his reports, Philippe Pigafetta wrote "Relatione del reame di Congo" Rome 1591.
Lopez, Odoardo (see above?) (?).
Ort177.24.
Lorenzo d’Anania see Anania Lorenzo d’.
Lossius, Lukas (1503-1582) was director of a grammar school in Lüneburg, Germany and wrote about this city and area "Luneburga Saxoniæ" (Ort99) which was published in Frankfurt in 1566.
Treatise on Luneburg: 99.6.
Lucanus or Lucianus(?) the Poet (Ort194,196,197,198,199,200,209,213,214,219,220,221,222,226,231) wrote a "History" (Ort189), "Vows" (Ort193), "Apologia" (Ort196), "De Amoribus" (Ort215), "Marine dialogues" (Ort216), "De Dea Syria" (Ort218), "Jupiter’s Tragedy" (Ort221), "Saltationes" (Ort226) and "Hercules Ogmios" (Ort194).
Ort72.10, 73.10, 79.3, 79.5, 142.11; Bk.1: Ort78.12, Bk.2: Ort172.6, Bk.9: Ort78.13.
Lucius Faunus see Faunus Lucius.
Lucius Maurus see Maurus Lucius.
Lucretius, Carus T. (?) (Ort213,222) wrote "De rerum natura" (Paris, 1563), a scientific poem on the nature of things, which reveals the scientific knowledge in Lucretius’ time, including the ancient ideas on atoms.
Lud, Walther or Gualterius or Gualterus Ludovicus (late 15th to early 16th century) from Lotharingen, co-worker of Waldseemüller, designed in 1507 the first world map in stereographic Polar projection and wrote comments on it in "Speculi Orbis succinctiss. sed neque pœnitenda neque inelegans Declaratio et Canon" <= mirror of the world> (Ort1,2) printed by Grüniger in Strassburg.
Mirror or Looking Glass of the World Ort1.38,2.38,3.41
Ludovicus Giorgio see Barbuda, Luis de.
Ludovicus Vives see Vives, Ludovicus.
Luis Mármol Carvajal see Mármol Carvajal Luis.
Lusignan or Lusignanus, Stephanus (1537-1590) from Nicosia, Cyprus was a Dominican who wrote historical and geographical works such as "Chorographia e breve istoria universale dell’ Isola di Cipro, principiando al tempo di Noe per insino al 1572" (Ort149), Bologna, Italy 1573, published in French in Paris, 1579. Also "Histoire générale des Royaumes de Jérusalem, Cypre, Arménie et lieux circonvoisins, depuis le deluge universel à l’an 1572" Paris 1579.
On Cyprus: Ort149.8.
Lutatius the Grammarian (?) (Ort231).
Lycophron (?) (Ort189,199,200,210,211,223) commented on by Isacrius (Ort161,224) and Eusthatius (Ort189).
Commented on by Isacrius: Ort161.11, 161.29.
Lycurgus (?) (Ort215).
Macer, Jean (16th century) was a professor of Law in Paris. During a stay in Avignon, France, he met travellers who had spent 30 years in the Indies and wrote down their reports in "Indicarum historiarum libros III" (Ort166), Paris 1555. He wrote comments on Dionysius (Ort199,200).
History of India: Ort166.8.
Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius (early 5th century) (Ort204,205,213,219,221,222,223) wrote "In Somnium Scipionis expositio" (Ort196), a commentary on Cicero’s "Somnium Scipionis" (printed in Köln, 1526). It uses passages from Cicero to construct the most satisfactory and widely read Latin compendium on Neoplatonism that existed during the Middles Ages. It also became a popular guide to science featuring lengthy excursions on Pythagorean number lore, cosmography, world geography and the harmony of the spheres. Macrobius also wrote "Saturnalia".
Maffei, Giampetro (1533-1603) was a Jesuit who lives in Lisbon, Portugal from 1572 to 1581 to consult sources for his history of the Indies. "Historiarum Indicarum" (Ort165,166, 177), first appeared in Rome in 1588, then in Cologne, Germany in 1593. This is a classical work on the history of discovery and mission in America, India and Japan, assembled in Lisbon from original sources. He also translated from Spanish into Latin "Commentarius Acostæ de rebus Indicis", "Epistolæ de rebus Indicis" and "Epistolæ de rebus Japonicis in Oriente gestarum" published in Dillingen, Germany in 1571 and in Cologne in 1574. He may have published work by Galvanus.
Maffei or Maffeius, Raphael see Volaterranus.
Magellan (?).
Ort12.3
Maginus (?).
Ort32.5
Mago (?) cited by Columella (Ort218).
Magnus Gruber, see Gruber Magnus.
Magnus, Ioannes (?).
Ort161.29, 161.75.
Magnus Olaus (1490-1558) the Goth from Linkjöping, Sweden was Archbishop in Uppsala and drew a map of Scandinavia which Ortelius used. He also wrote a historical geographical work "De gentibus septentrionalibus, veris conditionibus, statibus et moribus" published in Rome, 1555, in Antwerp, 1558, and published in German in Strassbourg 1567.
Ort84.6, 85.7, 85.8, 86.7, 86.8, 160.17, 160.25, 161.14, 161.19, 161.25, 161.27, 161.29, 161.30D, 161.68, 161.70, 161.73, 161.75; Bk.12: Ort161.80.
Maioranus wrote "Panegyric" citing Sidonius (Ort196).
Mair, John see Major, Joannes.
Major, Joannes or Mayor or John Mair (born in 1470) from Scotland was a professor at the University of St. Andrews who wrote in barbaric Latin a history of England and Scotland called "Historia Majoris, Britanniæ tam Angliæ quam Scotiæ" Paris 1521.
Ort16.5k, 16.14, 16.18 16.25-26, 18.4, 18.13, 18.14, 18.15, 22.40
Mamertius (?) (Ort205,209) wrote "Panegyrics" (Ort203).
Manasses (?) (Ort214).
Mandeville or Mandevilius, Ioannis (died in 1372) was known as a writer about travels prone to exaggeration. In fact he is deceitful, and took his stories from Ruysbroek and Odorico, embellishing their stories with all kinds of fantasy. Ortelius calls him a liar.
Ort1.47,2.46,3.49,6.5,7.7
Manethon (?).
Ort29.6, 30.8
Manilius, Marcus (early first century A.D.) (Ort189,199,200,213,215,216,218,226) wrote "Astronomicon". It describes creation and the heavens, the signs of the zodiac, and astral influences on human beings. Numerous editions appeared from 1472 onwards.
Manutius Aldus (16th century) published and commented on Sallustius "Bellum Iugurthinum" (Venice, 1576). Also a lexicon of countries, cities and peoples by Stephanus Byzantinus. Also: "Adagia chiliades" by Erasmus (Venice, 1506).
Manutius Antonio (16th century) of Venice, Italy, wrote a compendium containing the works of various authors: "Raccolta di viaggi, fatti de Venetia alla Tana et in Persia, in India et in Constantinopoli, a sapere (1) Jos. Barbaro viaggio alla Tana in Persia; (2) Ambr. Contarini viaggio da Ussan-Cassan ré dè Persia; (3) Giovanni Aluvigi viaggio in India et in Calicut; (4) viaggio in Constantinopoli; (5) viaggio e impresa, que fece Solyman Bassa del 1538 contra Portoghesi, per racquistar la citta di Diu in India, raccolta di Antonio Manutio" published in Vinegia, Italy in 1543.
Manutius Paolo (16th century) from Venice, Italy wrote "Antiquitatum Romanorum libri IV" and "Descriptio Transylvaniæ". He also seems to have written about orthography (Ort123).
Orthography: Ort123.13.
Mapheius see Volaterranus.
Marca, Olivera see La Marche, Olivier de la.
Marcantonio Coccio see Sabellicus.
Marcellanus Neonatus (?) (Ort209).
Marcellinus Ammianus see Ammianus Marcellinus.
Marchantius or Jacobus Le Marchant (1537-1609) was a Flemish historian. His works include "De rebus Flandriæ memorabilibus liber singularis" Antwerp 1567, and "Flandriæ commentariorum libri IV descripta; in quibus de Flandriæ origine, commoditatibus, oppidis, ordinibus, magistratibus, indigenisque tractatur" Antwerp 1596.
Ort44.13, 45.6, 75.5, 75.7, 77.5, 77.7
Marche, Olivier de la see La Marche.
Marcianus or Martianus Capella (abt. 425) (Ort217) from Numidia wrote and encyclopedia of the seven free arts called "De nuptiis Philologiæ et Mercurii". This rather tasteless work was used as a schoolbook during the Middle Ages and was translated into German by Notker Labeo Teutonicus.
Marco di Nizza or Marcus Nizzensis (16th century) was an Italian missionary who travelled in 1538/9 in Mexico and Central America. His experiences have been incorporated by Ramusio in his volume III.
Ort9.39,10.39,11.42
Marcolino, Francis (?).
Ort12.17
Mardonius (?) quoted by Herodotus (Ort189).
Mariana or Marianas, Juan de (1535-1624), a Spanish Jezuit wrote a history of Spain "Historia de rebus Hispaniæ libri XXX" (Ort224) of which the first 20 books were published in Toledo, Spain in 1592, and the entire work in Mainz, Germany, 1605.
Ort25.8; Valentia Bk.12 Ch.19: Ort30.7
Marianus Scotus see Scotus Marianus.
Marinæus Siculus, Lucius (died in 1533) was a teacher in Palermo, Italy, went to Spain in 1486 and became royal historiographer. His works deal with Spain: "De laudibus Hispaniæ lib. VII", "De Aragoniæ regibus et eorum rerum gestarum narratione Lib. V" Zaragossa, Spain 1509, "De Rebus Hispaniæ memorabililus lib. XXII" (Ort10) Alcala Spain 1533, Frankfurt 1579.
Ort9.68, 25.8, 26.6, 26.8, 29.6, 30.7, 32.9; Chronicle of Spain: 10.2, 11.28, 11.70
Marino, Barlesio see Barletius.
Marlianus, Bartholomeus (died in 1560) from Milan, Italy wrote "Topographia urbis Romæ cum præmissis observationibus de pronomine, nomine et cognomine urbis" Lyon, France 1534, Bern, Switzerland 1539, Rom 1544, Basel 1550, 1558, Frankfurt 1573, with a preface by Rabelais. The Lyon publication was supported by Cardinal Armagnac. Marlianus also wrote "De foro Romano".
Ort129.17.
Marlianus, Raymundus (?) wrote "Alphabetical Geographical Description" (Ort19).
Alphabetical Geographical Description: Ort19.10c
Mármol or Marmolius Carvajal Luis or Ludovicus de (1520-1600 or later) (Ort221) from Spain participated in the expedition of Charles V to Tunis and spent the next 22 years in North Africa, of which 8 years as a prisoner of war of the Moors. He consulted Arabic sources and wrote a reliable treatise "Descripcion general de Affrica" Granada and Malaga, Spain 1573 to 1599. Ortelius refers to his "Folio 38" in the Azores text (Ort24).
Ort8.15, 176.10, 177.13, 177.14, 177.21; Folio 38: Ort24.3
Marselarius or Marselar, Hadrianus (16th century) was an Antwerp Patrician and a friend of Ortelius who supplied some handwritten notes about Peru which Ortelius used for his maptext.
Ort15.18
Martialis, Marcus Valerius the Poet (c. 40-110 A.D.) (Ort193,196,199,200,203,209,221) wrote "Xenia" (Ort197,198) and "Epigrammata" (Ort203,226). With their short and pithy portrayals of the debauchees of ancient Rome, the twelve books of Epigrams had a strong appeal in Renaissance Italy, where 18 incunable editions were published.
Ort79.3, 79.4, 121.3, 132.3, 138.6.
Martianus, Capella (?) (Ort196,199,200,203,207,208,209,211,213,218,224).
Ort 1.17,2.17,3.17
Martin Cromer see Cromer, Martin.
Martyr, Petrus (1457-1526) from Arona near Milan lived in Spain from 1487 onwards and wrote an influential work on discoveries called "De rebus oceanis et orbe novo decades" which was twice published posthumously, viz. In Alcalà, Spain 1530 and Paris 1536. The first "Decade" was published in Sevilla, Spain in 1511, the first three "Decades" (Ort9,10) in Alcalà Spain in 1516.
Decades: 9.27,10.27,11.30,14.12
Masius (?) translated Cepha.
Translator of Cepha: Ort178.8, 179.8.
Maternus (?) (Ort218).
Matthias à Michou (?) of Sarmatia wrote a "Discourse on the Sarmattes" (Ort 154,155).
Ort150.13, 162.8, 163.8; Discourse on the Sarmattes: Ort154.16, 155.16.
Matthieu Paris (1195-1259) was a Benedict monk of the monastery of St. Alban, England. His most important work is "Historia Maior" which was first published by Archbishop Parker in London in 1571.
Ort16.11, 19.39w
Mattiolus or Mattioli, Pietro Andreas (1500-1577) from Siena, Italy, was a physician who wrote a book about herbs which was translated into German by Handschius (Prague, 1563) and whose collected works were published by Caspar Bauhinus in Frankfurt, 1598.
Ort141.13, 149.14.
Maurolico, Francesco (1494-1575) from Messina, Sicily, Italy was a mathematician who also wrote about geography: "Compendium Sicanicarum rerum" and "Cosmographia de forma, situ numeroque cœlorum et elementorum" Venice 1543, 1575, Paris 1558.
Ort141.5.
Maurus Lucius (16th century) published the West Indies history of Lopez de Gomara in Italian translation in Venice in 1566. He also collaborated with Aldroando.
Ort129.17.
Maximilianus Transilvanus see Transilvanus Maximilianus.
Maximus, Valerius Gaius (first half first century) (Ort193,199,200,210,214,222) wrote "Facta et Dicta memorabilia", a collection of anecdotes in 9 books for the use of orators, still highly popular in the renaissance, with 29 editions published between 1470 and 1500.
Mayerus, George ().
Ort4.7,5.8
Mazella Scipio (16th century) from Naples, Italy wrote "Descrittione del regno di Napoli" (Ort138), Naples 1601 and earlier, and "Sito et antichità della città di Pozzuolo" Naples 1593, and Comments of Elysius’ Baths of Puteoli (Ort142).
Kingdom of Naples: Ort138.3, 138.4, 138.5, 138.8, 138.10, 139.9; Comments on Elysius' Baths of Puteoli: 142.21.
Mazochius or Mazzochius, Jac. (16th century) wrote "Epigrammata s. inscriptiones antiquæ urbis Romæ" (Ort129), Rome, 1521.
Epigrams: Ort129.17.
Meander (?).
Ort19.23
Medina, Pedro or Peter Hispalensis (16th century) of Sevilla, Spain, made a map of Spain and wrote "Chronica breve de Espanna" Sevilla, "Libro de grandezas y cosas notabiles de Espanna" Sevilla 1543, Venice 1545, and "Arte de navigar" Valladolid, Spain 1545, containing a sea chart.
Ort26.5, 29.2, 29.6, 30.2, 30.7, 31.29, 32.6; Las Grandezas y cosas notabiles de España: Ort32.10
Megasthenes (?) (Ort224).
Ort12.9
Meggen, Jodocus à (16th century) came from Luzern, Switzerland and was an officer in the Papal lifeguard. He travelled to Palestine and wrote a book about it called "Peregrinatio Hierosolymitana", published in Dillingen, Germany in 1580 and 1588 (Ort147,149).
Ort173.4; Peregrination to Jerusalem: Ort147.12, 149.8.
Megiser (16th century) published a German version of Marco Polo’s Travels.
Meierus or Meyer, Iacobus Mesoburgus (?) "On Flanders Affairs" (Ort75,76), 10 volumes. Also comments on Procopius (Ort78).
Ort44.2, 45.2, 68.2, 75.6, 77.6; Commenting on Procopius Ort78.11; On Flanders Affairs (10 volumes): Ort75.7, 76.6, 76.7, 77.7.
Mela, Pomponius, the Worthy Geographer(early first century A.D.) (Ort214,221,222,224) was praised in the 16th century almost as much as Ptolemæus. His work "Cosmographia, sive De Situ Orbis" <cosmography, or about the situation of the world> which discusses the three continents of the Roman world in three volumes was often commented upon. This text constitutes the earliest Latin work on geography and includes the oldest geographical description of the world. The three publishers mentioned in the Theatrum are the Italians Ermolao Barbaro and Thomas Porcacchi, the Germans Camers, Vadianus and Münster, and the Spanish Petrus Olivarius and N. Guzman. Also: "About the Origin of the Law" (Ort229) but this may be another Pomponius.
Ort1.12, 1.35, 2.12, 3.12, 3.38, 9.54, 11.54, 19.45-l, 29.3, 30.3, 31.2, 31.3, 47.8, 49.9, 81.8, 119.8, 142.3, 144.6, 145.3, 146.14, 149.8, 159.8, 161.7, 172.7.
Mendoza, Didacus Hurtades (early 16th c.) augmented the Library of the Escorial by donating his own. He, having been for some time Ambassador for Charles the fifth, Emperor of Rome, to the Venetians, received from the High country of Greece a ship full of Greek manuscript copies (Ort233).
Mendoza, Joannes or Antonius Gonzalez, see Gonzalez de Mendoza.
Meneses, Alfons de (17th century) of Spain wrote "Repertorio o Itinerario de los mas principales y mejores caminos de Espanna" Murcia 1628. Ortelius must have used an earlier edition of this work, which he calls "Traveller’s companion" (Ort25).
Traveller's Companion: Ort25.9
Mercator, Gerardus or Gerard Kremer (1512-1595) designed a world map (Ort175) and a map of Europe (Ort181).
Ort1.65, 160.26; Universal <= world> Map: Ort175.20.
Merula, Gaudentius (16th century) (Ort132) from Milan, Italy wrote "De Gallorum Cisalpinorum antiquitate et origine libri III" (Ort123), <= about the antiquity and origin of the French beyond the Alps, 3 books>, Lyon, France 1538, Bergamo, Italy 1592, 1593. He also seems to have written "Memorabilia" <= things to be remembered> (Ort1,2).
Ort117.33, 118.33, ; Memorabilia Bk.5 Ort1.49,2.48,3.52; Origins of the Cisalpines: Ort123.10.
Merula, Georg or Georgius (1430-1494) from Italy was first a teacher in humanism in Venice, and later in Milan. He was probably the father of Gaudentius Merula. He wrote "Antiquitates Vice-comitum Mediolanensium libri X" (Ort128), Milan, 1500 and "Descriptio montis Vesuvii et Ferrati".
Ort125.7, 132.8; History of Viscounts Bk.6: Ort128.10.
Metaphrastes, Simon (?) (Ort232) wrote "Life of Saint Artemius" (Ort232).
Metrodorus (?) (Ort189).
Meyer, Jakob (1491-1552) from Vleterne, Flanders, was a theologist with an interest in Flemish history who wrote "Rerum Flandricarum libri X" Brugge 1531, "Chronicon Flandiæ" Nurnberg 1538, and "Flandricarum rerum annalium libri XVII" Antwerp 1561.
Michael Neander see Neander, Michael.
Michael Sophianus see Sophianus Michael.
Michele, Nicolas (?) (Ort160).
Ort12.24, 160.17.
Microbius (?) (Ort193).
Middendorpius, Jac. (1537-1611), born in Ootmarsum, the Netherlands, worked in Cologne, Germany, and wrote "De celebroribus universi orbis Academiis", Cologne 1594.
Ort136.4.
Milesius, Aristagoras (?) (Ort186,226).
Minadous Johan Thomas (1540-1615) from Italy travelled for seven years in the Orient. He wrote "Historia della Guerra fra Turchi e Persiani anno 1576 sino 1588" Venice, 1594. Leunclavius has attacked this latter work.
Ort167.11.
Minutius, Felix the Divine (?) (Ort192,196,209,221,222).
Ort19.24f
Minutius, Quintus (?) (Ort193) is perhaps the same as Felix.
Modestinus (?) (Ort209).
Modestus, Aufidius (thrid century A.D) wrote "De re military". It contains a short vocabulary of terms used in the drilling and manoeuvring of the phalanx and is one of the standard texts on Roman military training. It was still used as a practical manual in Renaissance Europe. Modestus is quoted by Philargyrius (Ort212).
Moecker or Moeckerus or Mocker, Antonius (died in 1607) was a philologist from Hildesheim, Germany. He wrote a work about his native city called "Hildesia"and also one on "Brunswick" (Ort99).
On Brunswick: Ort99.7.
Moeller, Bernhard or Möller or Mollerus was a Westfalian clergyman who wrote poems. Best known is "Rheni a primis fontibus usque ad Oceanum Germanicum descriptio", 320 pages, which was first published in Cologne, Germany in 1570.
Ort56.8, 57.9
Mohammed or Mahomet the Beast (?) wrote Alkoran (Ort221) and Azzoara (Ort180,221).
Molitor, Oswaldus, see Myconius Oswald.
Monachus or Monachi, Franz (16th century) from Mechelen, Flanders, wrote "Epistula de orbis ac descriptione" <= a letter and description about the world> Antwerp 1526, 1565 containing a small woodcut world map and "A letter to Panormus" (Ort1,2).
Ort1.50,2.49,3.53
Mondragone, Garibayus Stephanus de see Garibayus.
Monavius, Iacobus (?).
Ort103.14, 103.15.
Monmouth, Geoffry see Galfridus Monomuthensis.
Monomuthensis Galfridus see Galfridus Monomuthensis.
Montanus, Arias Benedictus see Arias Benedictus Montanus.
Morales, Ambrosio de (1513-1591 from Cordoba, Spain was a historian who also used non-literary sources such as inscriptions and coins. He wrote "Crónica general de Espanna, prosiguiendo adelante los cincos libros que el mæstro Florian Docampo, coronista del emperador D. Carlos V., dexo escritos" completing Ocampo’s work, Alcala, Spain 1574, 1577; "De las Antiguedades de la Ciudades de Espanna" added to the first work. Ortelius mentions his "Commentaries on Eulogium" (Ort193).
Ort25.8, 29.7, 30.8, 30.9
Morentinus (?) (Ort231) comments on Emperor Julianus’ letters to Maximus the Philosopher (Ort200).
Moretus, Ioannes (?) (Ort229).
Morguez le Moine, Jaques (?).
Ort15.24
Müller von Rhellicon see Rhellicanus.
Münster or Munsterus, Sebastian (?) wrote "Cosmographey" (Ort56,57,100), published and commented on Mela’s "De Situ Orbis". He also commented on Solinus’ "Polyhistor". Much of what he wrote was copied by Ortelius, always mentioning his source.
Ort1.28, 2.28, 3.31, 4.6, 5.7, 26.8, 34.8, 36.20, 67.10, 84.5, 85.6, 86.6, 93.4, 94.7, 96.10, 96.11, 97.19, 98.5,100.4, 101.6, 101.11, 101.16, 101.24, 105.7, 106.7, 106.14, 107.2, 107.16, 108.2, 109.2-7, 110.11, 111.4, 111.6, 111.12, 112.6, 112.8, 114.4, 114.8, 115.2, 115.4, 115.12, 116.4, 143.8, 143.12, 150.13, 152.8, 153.8, 154.5, 154.16, 155.16, 158.4, 158.7, 158.17; Cosmographey: Ort56.7, 57.8, 98.2, 144.15, 145.13; Quoting Crantzius in Cosmographey: Ort100.6; Quoting Sigismundus Arquerus Calaritanus in Cosmographey: Ort141.8; Quoting Petrus Artopœus of Pommern in Cosmographey Ort158.10, 158.11.
Müntzer, Valentinus (16th century) from Fulda, Germany, wrote a Chronicle: "Chronographie oder Beschreibung der Jaren vonn anfang der Welt bisz auff unsere Zeit dises lauffenden MDXLIX jars" (Ort98), published in Bern, Switzerland.
Chronography: Ort98.5
Mutianus, Hieronymus (?) the famous painter (Ort212).
Myconius or Oswaldus Molitor (1488-1552) from Luzern, Switzerland, was a friend of Münster and wrote, next to theological works, about Switzerland in: "Henr. Lor. Glareani Helvetiorum et Panegyricon in laudem quator pagorum et tredecim Urbium Helvetiorum".
Ort115.5, 115.8, 115.12.
Myrsilius from Lesbos (?) (Ort207,208) wrote a work on Tuscany (Ort130). He is quoted by Antigonus (Ort216).
On Thusciæ: 130.13.
Nanni, Giovanni see Annius of Viterbo.
Nardus (?).
Ort159.5.
Natalis (?) (Ort222).
Naucler(us), Johann or Verge or Vergenhans (abt. 1425-1516), professor in Tübingen, Germany, wrote a Chronicle only known to Ortelius through Irenicus.
Quoted by Irenicus: Ort114.4.
Navagero or Navagierus, Andrea (1493-1529) from Venice, Italy travelled for 4 years in France and Spain and wrote about these travels in "Viaggio in Spagna et in Francia 1524 e 1528" which only appeared in Venice in 1563. He also wrote the poem "De situ orbis". Ortelius refers to his "Journal" (Ort28,31).
Ort25.10; Journal: Ort28.20, 28.36, 31.27, 31.29
Navarchus or Navarcha or Navarcho, Jacobus, the Jesuit wrote "Asian epistles" (Ort6,163,175) and "Sibyllin verses" (Ort9,10,11).
Ort10.2; Asian Epistles: Ort6.5, 7.7, 163.8, 175.20; Sibyllin Verses: 9.17, 9.63, 10.16, 10.22, 11.17, 11.63.
Nazarius Giovanni Battista (16th century) from Brescia, Italy (Ort209) wrote a treatise on the Turks and also a work on alchemy, viz. "della transmutatione metallica". He also seems to have written a work on his native Brescia (Ort123) and a "Panegyric" (Ort54).
Panegyric: Ort54.9, 123.2; Treatise on Brescia: Ort123.10.
Nazianzenus (?) (Ort199,200,214).
Nazorenus, Gilbert Cognatus see Nozoremus.
Neander, Michael (1525-1595) a philologist from Sorau, Germany, has exerted himself to improve geographical learning. His textbooks include "Elementa doctrinæ sphæricæ" Leipzig, 1561, "Orbis terræ succincta explicatio" Eisleben 1583, Leipzig 1586, 1589, 1597, "Orbis terræ divisio compendiaria" Leipzig 1594, and "Compendium rerum physicarum" Wittenberg 1587.
Ort3.51
Nemesianus, Olympius (?) (Ort192,193,203,209).
Neuenahr or Neuenar or Nuenar, Herman (1492-1530), Count, opposes Trithemius in his work "Brevis narratio de origine et sedibus Francorum", published in Basel, Switzerland in 1532. Also bound with "Descriptio Germaniæ" by Pirckheimer.
Neuyllius, Alexander see Neville.
Neville, Alexander Norvicus (1544-1614) was a secretary of Archbishop Parker and at his instigation wrote "Tabula Heptarchiæ Saxonicæ" and a history of Norwich and its antiquities called "Nevylii, De Furoribus Norfolcensium Ketto duce, eiusdem Norvicus" (Ort17) London 1575.
Norvicus: Ort17.11, 19.59, 20.15
Newburgh or Newbury, William (1136-1198?) of Neubrigensis wrote a history of England.
Ort19.12, 22.40; Bk.2, ch.5: Ort21.8
Nicander (?) reports from Tertullianus (Ort196).
Nicephorus (?).
Bk.18 Ch.30: Ort163.9.
Nicetas (?) (Ort210), reported on by Saint Paulinus (Ort212).
Nicolas de Nicolay see Nicolay, Nicolas de.
Nicolas Gerbelius see Gerbelius Nicolas.
Nicolas Michele see Michele, Nicolas.
Nicolas Sophianus see Sophianus Nicolas.
Nicolaus (one of the above?) (?) is quoted by Stobæus (Ort196).
Nicolay or Nicolius, Nicolas de (1517-1583) wrote "Navigations et Pérégrinations orientales, avec les figures et les habillements au naturel, tant des hommes que des femmes" Lyon 1568, Antwerp 1576, 1577 and 1586 (Ort141). Also "Navigation du roi d’Écosse Jaques V, autour de son royaume et isles Hébrides et Orchades recueillie et rédigé en forme de description hydrographique, avec les additions du dit Nicolay", Paris 1583. Also: ("Oriental) Observations" (Ort141,144,145,146,174).
Eastern observations: Ort141.15, 144.12, 145.9,146.14, 174.3.
Niger, Dominicus (15th century) (Ort224) from Venice, Italy wrote a "Geography" in 26 books, 11 on Europe (Ort129), 11 on Africa and 4 on Asia (Ort58). It was published and commented on by Wolfgang Weissenburger in Basel, Switzerland in 1557.
Ort1.30, 2.30, 3.33, 4.6, 5.7, 32.5, 117.33, 118.33, 128.8, 138.3, 141.5, 143.16, 144.15, 145.13, 147.4, 147.11, 147.19, 149.8, 166.2, 174.5a, 174.10; Geography: Ort58.8, 129.14, Bk.6: 143.19.
Niger, Franz, or Bassianus or Bassianensis (16th century) , head of a school in Graubünden, Switzerland, wrote "Rhætia sive de situ et moribus Rhætorum", which appeared in Basel in 1547.
Ort115.12.
Nizza, Marco di see Marco di Nizza.
Nobilior, Marcus Fulvius (?) (Ort193).
Noël Taillepied see Taillepied Noël.
Nonius or Nonnius, Marcellus (?) wrote "Dionysiacs" (Ort199,200) and "De Genere Vestimentorum" (Ort217). He quotes Varro (Ort196).
Norwicus see Neville, Alexander.
Notker Labeo Teutonicus (?) translated Marcianus Capella’s work "De nuptiis Philologiæ et Mercurii" into German.
Noviomagus Gerardus see Geldenhauer, Gerhard.
Novof, Laurentius Corvinus see Corvinus Laurentius.
Nozoremus or Nazoremus, Gilbertus Cognatus(?).
Ort34.8, 36.20, 168.8, 169.8.
Nubiensis (?) the Arab (Ort192,221) wrote "Geographical Garden (Ort183).
Ort19.2
Nugarola, Ludovicus (died in 1559) comes from an ancient family Nugarola or Nogarola of Verona, Italy, and wrote "De Nili incremento dialogus". Also: "Dialogue of Timotheus" (Ort174,178,179).
Ort174.10; Dialogue of Timotheus: Ort174.5b, 178.8, 179.8.
Nunnez, Vasco (?).
Ort12.2
Nunnius Alvares see Alvares Nunnius.
Nunnius Pincianus, see Guzman, N.
Ocampo, Florian d’ or Del Campo (1499-1555) from Spain became a royal chronicle writer in 1539. He wrote "Quatro libros primeros de la Crónica general de España" Zamora Spain 1544, with an added 5th book 1553. The book does not only relate falsifications and unreliable histories from other writers, but out of patriotism also some new ones.
Ort25.8; Ch.1-2: Ort31.27, Bk.4, Ch.3,40: Ort32.2
Oderbornius, Paulus (16th century) was a priest in Riga, Livonia, and described the life of Csar Iwan Basilides (Ort158,162,189), which was published in Wittenberg, Germany in 1585.
On the life of Basilidis: Ort162.8, Bk.2: Ort158.8.
Odericus of Friuli (?).
Ort1.48, 2.47, 3.50, 163.6.
Odorico of Pordenone (14th century) a missionary, spent 14 years, from 1316 to 1330 in Asia. His itinerary "Itinerarium fratris Odorici" is also referred to in Hakluyt’s "Principal Navigations".
Ojea, Ferdinand (?)
Ort32.2, 32.4
Olaus Magnus see Magnus Olaus.
Olivarius, Petrus Ioannes (16th century) was a philologist from Valencia, Spain. He published and commented on Mela’s "De Situ Orbis". Also: Solinus’ "Polyhistor".
Comments on Mela: Ort1.35,2.35,3.38, 80.8, 80.41, 81.8.
Oliverius á Marcha see La Marche, Olivier de la.
Oliverius, Hieronymus (?)
Ort3.29
Olympiodorus (?) wrote "Collections" (Ort209).
Onyphrius (?) (Ort207,208).
Oppianus (2nd centurt A.D.) (Ort193,196,203,226) wrote "Halieutica, sive de piscatu" (Or192,218,224), a comprehensive treatise about fish and fishing, including advice on how to catch them, printed from 1478 onwards.
Orlandi or Orlando or Orlandius, Cæsar Iurisconsultus (16th century) from Siena wrote "De urbe Senæ et eius episcopatus antiquitate" (Ort137), an excerpt of which he sent to Ortelius on May 15, 1572, together with a map of Siena.
Ort9.26, 11.27, 11.68; Antiquities of Siena: Ort137.2, 137.11; Letters: Ort10.25
Orpheus (?) (Ort189,192,226).
Orosius, Paulus (5th century) (Ort213,214,218,222,228) was a Spanish priest who wrote a history called "Historiarum adversus paganos libri VII" <= of histories against the heathens, seven books> (Ort1).
Ort12.2, 22.4, 23.4; History: Ort1.18,2.18,3.18
Ortelianus see Colius, Jacobus.
Ortelius (1527-1598) (Ort229) regularly refers to his own works, e.g. his 8-sheet wall map of Asia (Ort6), his "Itinerarium" (Ort50), "Theatrum" (Ort10) and in editions after his death, these references increase in number (Ort175, quoting Josephus and Montanus), particularly references to his Thesaurus (Ort160,178,182,183,192,193,196,197,198,206,210,216,217,219,221,224,232).
Ort19.45m; 8 sheet map of Asia, 1567: Ort6.6,7.8; Theatrum Ort12.15, second edition: Ort10.25; Thesaurus: Ort11.29, 160.2, 178.3, 178.4, 178.6, 179.3, 179.4, 179.6; Parergon: 12.15; Itinerarium: Ort50.12, 60.7; Referred to as quoting Josephus: Ort175.8; Referred to as quoting Montanus: Ort175.8
Osorio Hieronymus (1506-1580) from Lisbon, Portugal became the national historiographer. His work "De rebus Emmanuelis regis Lusitaniæ" Lisbon 1571 also contains ethnographic remarks on the Indies.
Otfrides (?) wrote "Gospels" (Ort194).
Otto von Freising (16th century) published a poem in 1569 in Basel, Switzerland, written by Guntherus Ligurinis (12th century) called "Ligurinus sive de gestis Frederici I libri X", a description of the battles which Frederick Barbarossa fought with the Milan people whom he calls Ligures. This poem was discovered in a monastery by C. Celtis who gave it to K. Peutinger who published it in 1507. In 1531 an edition appeared by J. Spiegel in Strassbourg. Von Freisings edition also includes a biography of Friedrich I.
Ottocare (?) King of the Romans, Ort87.
Oviedus or Ovetani, Gonsalvus Fernandus (Ort13) wrote "Indian Islands" (Ort166). He is mentioned on the mapsheet Ort176, west of Gibraltar.
On map sheet, west of Gibraltar: Ort176; In text: Ort9.30,10.30,11.33,14.8; Indian Islands Vol.2, Bk.20: Ort166.8.
Ovidius Naso, the pleasant poet, (43 B.B.- c. 17 A.D.) (Ort194,196,199,200,209,211,213,214,216,222,223,224,231,232) wrote "De Fastis" or "Fastorum" or "Fasti" (Ort187,210,222), printed from 1482 onwards. It deals with festivals and ceremonis of the Roman calendar, which provided an opportunity for retelling Greek myths, and also relate superstitions such as the unluckiness of marriages in May, and the casting of straw men into the Tiber. The work was interrupted by Ovidius’ banishment, and though a draft of books 7-12 may have been written during this exile, only the first six books survive. Further, Ovidius wrote"De Arte Amandi" (Ort203), "Elegies" (Ort212), "De Tristibus" (Ort212,224), "De Ponto" (Ort212), "Exile Poetry" (Ort229) and "Metamorphosis" (Ort210,217,226).
Ort142.2, 142.3, 142.9, 142.17.
Pacatus, Latinus (?) (Ort193).
Ort25.8
Paccius, Andrete (?) wrote about the wines of Italy (Ort123).
On the Wines of Italy, Bk.6: Ort123.10.
Pacheco or Pachiecus, Don Franciscus (?) from Sevilla, Spain wrote "Catalogus archiepiscoporum Hispalensium cum elegantissimis elogiis".
Ort28.20, 28.36
Paciecus, Franciscus see Pacheco.
Palencia, Fernandez Diego de see Fernandez Diego de Palencia.
Palladius of Palladio Andreas (1518-1580) was an architect from Vicenza, Italy who wrote about architecture and about old monuments in Rome.
Ort129.17.
Pamfili (died in 1560) from Rome wrote "Observationes".
Pamphilus, Franciscus (?) wrote about the antiquities of Ancona (Ort137).
On Marcha Anconæ: Ort137.18.
Pandulphus Collenutius see Collenutius Pandulphus.
Panegyricus (?) wrote "Oration to Constantine the Great (Ort192).
Panormitanus, Anthonie (?).
Ort12.22
Panormus (Ort3).
Ort2.49
Panthaleon Candidus see Candidus Panthaleon.
Panthaleon, Heinrich (1522-1595) was a professor of physics in Basel, Switzerland, and a pupil and friend of Münster. He is known through his work "Prosopographia heroum et illustrium virorum Germaniæ" which appeared in Basel in 1565, also in German, listing short biographies of important men. He also wrote "Beschreibung der uralten Stadt und Grafschaft Baden, sambt ihren heilsamen Wildbädern in Ergöw gelegen", published in Basel in 1578. He also wrote on the order of the Johannites with maps of the Mediterranean.
Prosopographia Bk.1: Ort56.7, 57.8
Papirius (?) (Ort224).
Papius, Arid. (?) (Ort199,200).
Paracelsus (1493-1541) collected much geographical and scientific knowledge during his extensive travels, which he recorded in his works "De natura rerum" and "die Bäder von Pfeffers". He also seems to have written a Chronicle on Carinthia (Ort143).
Chronicle on Carinthia: Ort143.3, 143.6.
Paradinus or Paradin(e), Guillaume (1510-1590) from France wrote various historical works: "De antiquo statu Burgundiæ" Lyon 1542, "Memoriæ nostri temporis" Lyon 1548, "Les Annales de Bourgogne" Lyon 1566, "Mémoires de l’histoire de Lyon" Lyon 1573. Ortelius mentions a "History of Savoy" (Ort128).
Ort16.5k, 16.14, 16.18, 49.2, 49.3, 49.6, 49.17, 51.9, 54.6, 54.9; Description of Savoy: Ort128.9.
Paris Matthieu see Matthieu Paris.
Parisius, Prosper (?) (Ort210).
Parker (16th century) was an Archbishop in London. In 1571 he published the "Historia Maior" of Matthieu Paris (1195-1259), a Benedict monk in the monastery of St. Alban, England.
Patavinus, F. Desiderius Lignamineus (?) (Ort217).
Paterculus Velleius see Velleius Paterculus.
Paucer, Gaspar (?).
Ort93.11
Paulinus, Saint (?) (Ort209) wrote Letter to the Romans (Ort1930) and to Titus (Ort217) in which he quotes Epimenenides; he is quoted by Ausonius (Ort189) and "Return of Nicetas" (Ort212).
Paulus Æmilius (dies in 1529) was born in Verona, Italy, and in 1499 obtained the order from King Louis XII to write a history about the French monarchy ("Annales") but he died before he could finish this work. It appeared in installements in 1516, 1519 and 1539 in Paris.
Paulus Diaconus (Warnefried) (?) (Ort199,203,210,214) wrote "Longobardian history" (Ort123,203,204,205), published in 1515 in Augsburg, Germany by Peutinger.
Ort128.6, 161.9; On Lombardy Bk.5 Ch.36: Ort123.4.
Paulus, Saint (?) (Ort147,216).
Ort147.10, 147.29.
Pausanias (2nd century) (Ort211,214,215,216,217,218,222,223,224,226,231) wrote a travel itinerary for Greece, published by Romulus Amaseus as "Pausaniæ, Græciæ descriptio, græce et latine, cum Romuli Amasei versione", in Florence, 1551. A further edition was published by Xylander and von Sylburg in 1583. Also known as "Arcadia" or "Achaia"? (Ort193,199,200,214,217,222,223,224). Pausanias also wrote "Phocica" (Ort196,217,223,224,231) and "Eliaca" (Ort222). He cites Belgius (Ort197,198).
Ort141.8, 146.14.
Pedius Jo Thetingerus (?) seems to have written a Commentary on the region of Würtemberg (Ort113). No further details are available.
History of Württemberg: Ort113.2, 113.12
Pedro Antonio Beuter see Beuter Pedro Antonio.
Pedro Cieza de Léon see Cieza Pedro de Léon.
Pedro Medina Hispalensis see Medina Pedro.
Persius (?) (Ort199,200,209).
Peucerus, Gaspar (?) (Ort192).
Pererius (?) wrote a "Genesis" (Ort178,179).
Genesis: Ort178.8, 179.8.
Persona, Christopher (?) (Ort209).
Peterson, Henricus (?).
Ort58.8
Petrarca, Francesco (1304-1374) the famous Italian humanist wrote "Epistolæ familiares", containing comments on his age and his own life, "De rebus memorandis", anecdotal biographical portraits of figures drawns from antiquity, a book for pilgrims called "Itinerarium Syracium", and "De remediis utriusque fortunæ" on moral philosophy.
Petrarchus, Franciscus (?) wrote a Sacred Journal (Ort125).
Ort47.2, 47.10, 47.11; Sacred Journal: Ort125.10.
Petronius Arbiter (?) (Ort232) wrote to Gyrton (Ort196).
Petrus Appianus see Appianus Petrus
Petrus Ægidius see Ægidius Petrus.
Petrus Ciecus Legionensis see Legionensis Petrus Ciecus.
Petrus Gillius see Gilles, Pierre.
Petrus Olivarius see Olivarius Petrus.
Petrus Suffridus (1527-1597) from Friesland wrote "De Frisiorum antiquitate et origine libri III" (Ort80), Cologne, Germany 1590, 1598.
Ort81.9; About the Frisians: Ort80.25.
Petrus Ranzanus see Ranzanus Petrus.
Peucer Caspar (1525-1602) wrote various geographical works, as "Libellus de dimensione terræ" Frankfurt 1554, "Elementa doctrinæ de circulis cœlestibus et primo motu" Wittemberg 1551, 1553, 1587, and the poem "Idylium, Patria, seu Historia Lusatiæ superioris" Bautzen Germany 1594.
Peutinger or Peutingerus, Chunrades (15th-16th century) published a poem in 1507, written by Guntherus Ligurinis (12th century) called "Ligurinus sive de gestis Frederici I libri X", a description of the battles which Frederick Barbarossa fought with the Milan people whom he calls Ligures. This poem was discovered in a monastery by C. Celtis who gave it to K. Peutinger. In 1531 an edition appeared by J. Spiegel in Strassbourg. Otto von Freising published a new edition of this work in 1569 in Basel, Switzerland, which also includes a biography of Friedrich I. He wrote "Sermones convivales de mirandis Germaniæ antiquitatibus" which was published in Augsburg, Germany in 1501. Peutinger also published a longobardian history by Paulus Diaconus in Augsburg in 1515.
Ort56.7, 57.8
Phaër, M.Thomas (?) (Ort209,216).
Phalereus (?) (Ort193).
Pharax (?) (Ort226).
Pherecides (?).
Ort31.2
Philargyrus, Iunius (?) (Ort193), quoting Aufridius Modestus (Ort212).
Philastrius (?) wrote "Heresies" (Ort218).
Philemon (?) (Ort189).
Philenus (?) (Ort210).
Philistides (?) (Ort31).
Ort31.2
Philo, Iudæus (?) (Ort221) wrote "Abour Circumcision" (Ort221), "On Husbandry" (Ort221) and "De Vita Contemplativa" (Ort221).
Philonides (?) is quoted by Athenæus (Ort224).
Philostephanus (?) (Ort226).
Philostratus (?) (Ort193,221,222,224,226,231,232) wrote "Images" (Ort216) and "Icones" (Ort226); quoted by Isocrates (Ort189).
Ort31.9
Phrygius, Dares (?) (Ort224).
Physeteras (?) (Ort224).
Pianero or Planerus or Planerius, Ioannes Vicentio (died in 1571) from Quinzano near Brescia, Italy was a physician who served Emperor Maximilian II. Next to works on medicine, he also wrote about his native town "Descriptio Quintani oppidi".
Ort123.2, 123.10.
Piccolomini, Æneas Sylvius see Æneas Sylvius.
Piccolomini, Alexander (?) wrote "De sphæra mundi", "Compendium de stellis fixis" and "De magnitudine terræ et aquæ´which were published by Stupanus.
Pictor, Quintus Fabius (?).
Ort129.16.
Pierus (?) wrote "Hieroglyphs" (Ort221).
Pietro Bizarro see Bizarro Pietro.
Pigafetta, Marcus Antonius (early 16th century) accompanied Magellan as a cosmographer has given us a vivid account of this first trip around the world in his itinerary "Viaggio attorno il mondo" published by Ramusio.
Ort12.8, 164.20, 164.21.
Pigafetta, Philippus (?) from Italy corresponded with Ortelius and sent him a description of the Congo with ten images, two of which were maps. The Congo map was not made by Pigafetta but compiled from sources provided by Duarte Lopez.
Ort8.15, 177.24, 177.2; Bk.2: Ort177.30.
Pighius Stephanus Vinandus (1520-1604) was in Italy for 8 years, also as the companion of Prince Karl Friedrich of Cleve. He wrote down his observations in "Hercules Prodicius" (Ort99), Antwerp 1587. His "Annales urbis Romæ" appeared in 1599 (first volume) and 1615 (the entire work).
Ort107.4, 108.4; Comments on Hercules Prodicius: Ort99.13, 99.20, 111.6, 112.6, 123.4, 123.9.
Pinadelli or Pinandelli or Pinadello, Ioannes (?) wrote a description of Treviso which has not yet appeared in Ortelius’ time (Ort122).
Ort131.17; Description of Treviso: Ort122.14 (which has not yet appeared).
Pincianus, Nunnius see Guzman.
Pincius Janus Pyrrhus (?) from Mantua, Italy about whom we know next to nothing wrote "Dissertatio de Timavi fluvio" as also "Historia de episcopis urbis Tridentinæ, gestis ducum Tridentinorum origine urbis et appellatione Alpium et de confinibus Italiæ" consisting of 12 books (Ort116).
History of Trent Bk.1-12: Ort116.5.
Pindarus (?) (Ort211,226)
Ort8.7,
Pinetus, Antonius see Dupinet.
Pingonius or Pingonicus or Pingone, Em. Philibert (1525-1582) from Torino Italy wrote a work about this city called "Augusta Taurinorum" Torino 1577 and a genealogical work "Arbor gentilicia Saxoniæ Sabaudiæque principum" Torino 1581, the last work resulting from his service to the Duke of Savoy.
Ort49.7
Pintianus (?) (Ort199,200).
Pirckheimer, Bilibaldus (1470-1530) published an edition of Ptolemæus. He also translated Lucianus’ treatise on recording history and Xenophon’s "Hellenica" into Latin. He advanced geographical knowledge about Germany in his "Germaniæ ex variis scriptoribus perbrevis explicatio" which was published posthumously.
Ort44.2, 45.2, 56.7, 57.8
Pisander (?) (Ort226).
Pithœus or Pithæus, Petrus (?) (Ort194) wrote "Adversaria" quoting Marcellinus’ "History" (Ort196) and "Journal" (Ort232).
Pius II, Pope of Rome, see Æneas Sylvius.
Pius IV or VI (?).
Ort15.15
Placentius Joh. Leo or Plaisant was a Dominican clergyman who wrote a history on the Bisdom of Leodiensis and Maastricht.
Ort63.6
Plaisant see Placentius.
Planche, Adam de la (16th century) corresponded with Ortelius about Parergon maps, notably Navigatio Æneæ (Hessels nr. 279).
Planerius or Planerus, see Pianero.
Plantin (?) (Ort193).
Platina, Bartolomeo (1421-1481) from Italy wrote "Vitæ Pontificum" Venice 1479, "De honesta voluptate et valetudine" a book about food and drink, and "Life of Hadrianus the First" (Ort210).
Ort131.9, 132.12.
Plato (?) (Ort11,189,193,217,218); wrote "Timæus" (Ort12), Phædrus (Ort222) and "Laws" (Ort217).
Ort9.2,9.55,10.2,11.2,11.54-55; Timæus: 12.11
Plautus (?) (Ort193,210) wrote the comedy "Querulus" (Ort194) and is cited by Isidorus (Ort196).
Plinius, Caius or Gaius Secundus (23-79 AD) (Ort214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,224,226,231,232) was considered a great authority in the Renaissance. His "Historia Naturalis" <natural history> (Ort1,2,3,80,143,151,167,183,193,204,205,210,216,222,224) of which the second Book deals with Astronomy and Earth science, and Books 3-6 with Geography, were published and commented on by Ermolao Barbaro as "Castigationes Plinaniæ", by Camers (Vienna 1514), by Guilandinus, a physician from Königsberg, Germany (Venice, 1572), by Hiernonymus Verrutius, a Frisian lawyer, by the French Dupinet (Lyon, 1542) and Dalèchamps, and by the Spanish philologist Guzman or Nunnius Pincianus (Ort211), Salamanca, Spain 1544, Antwerp, Belgium 1547, and Frankfurt, Germany 1569. This work is the fruit of an inexhaustible curiosity and the only full work by Pinius extant. As he says in the preface, no Greek by himself has compiled an encyclopedia of the whole of nature, and no Roman had done so by himself or with others. By his own account, the 37 books contained 20,000 facts compiled from over 100 sources (the index in fact lists 34,707 bobservations from 473 different authors). These include such curiosities as the skeleton of the monster to which Andromeda was first exposed, exhibited at Rome, the tricks the elephants were taught, the perils to which sponge divers were exposed, and the introduction of the first barbers to Italy. The first printing of this book in Venice in 1469 marked the first appearance of any scientific text in print.
Varro quotes Plinius (Ort118), Gellius quotes Plinius (Ort196). Plinius wrote Epistles to Iunius Mauricius (Ort123,206) to Licinus Sura (Ort129) to Macer (Ort199,200), to Timosthenes (Ort213), "Panegyric to Traianus" (Ort221), further (the book?) Caninius (Ort129), and "Carnis" (about meat?) (Ort 143). Plinius quoted Isogonus (Ort212), Diodorus (Ort217), Diogenetus (Ort222) and Diocades (Ort217) and Plinius is quoted by Cæcilius (Ort199,200) as having written 20 volumes of "History of Germany" which Ortelius unfortunately cannot find. Ortelius also complains that Plinius’ placenames contain too many spelling variants.
On mapsheet Ort163; In text: Ort1.72, 2.72, 4.2, 5.2, 9.54, 11.54, 12.2, 12.14, 19.10d, 19.45-l, 28.3, 28.13, 28.32, 29.2, 29.3, 29.6, 32.2, 32.5, 32.10, 37.11, 38.2, 38.6, 39.2, 47.2, 47.9, 49.9, 56.2, 57.2, 65.3, 66.3, 80.13, 80.28, 80.34, 84.9, 114.4, 119.6, 121.12, 121.15, 122.14, 123.2, 123.16, 127.2, 128.4, 128.13, 129.4, 129.6, 129.7, 129.10, 129.24, 131.2, 132.11, 136.9, 137.5, 137.6, 137.8, 137.25, 137.41, 140.4, 140.7, 141.2, 141.4, 142.2, 142.4, 142.8, 142.9, 142.10, 142.18, 142.19, 142.24, 144.2, 144.13, 145.2, 145.10, 147.2, 147.5, 147.25, 147.27, 148.5, 149.12, 156.2, 156.6, 157.2, 157.6, 159.8, 161.28, 166.2, 166.3, 166.8, 172.6, 174.5a, 174.18, 175.3; Bk.2, ch.103: Ort29.2, Bk.2 Ch.107: 136.10, Bk.3 Ch.3: Ort29.2, Ort30.3, 30.8, Bk.3 Ch.5 Ort117.28, 118.28, Bk.3, Ch.9 & Bk.4, Ch.15 37.15, Bk.6, ch.22 & Bk.13, ch.25: Ort12.10, Bk.16, Ch1. 82.2, 82.5, 82.7, 83.2, 83.5, 83.7, Bk.17, Ch.5: Ort58.5, 58.40, Bk.34, ch.14: Ort31.2, 31.27, 31.29; Natural History: Ort143.11, 151.2, Bk.2-6: Ort1.4, 1.8, 2.8; Bk.5 Ch.3: 80.21, Bk.6, ch.27: Ort167.3, Bk.11: Ort1.5, 2.5, 3.4, 3.5; Plinius quoted by Varro: Ort117.26, 118.26; Epistles to Iunius Mauricius: Ort123.3; Caninius Bk.2: Ort129.13; Epistle no. 4 to Licinus Sura: Ort129.13; About meat: Ort143.4.
Plinius Cælius see Cælius Plinius.
Plinius Clupea or Clypea (?).
Bk.9 Ch.15: Ort165.8.
Plutarchus (c. 45-c.120 A.D.) (Ort137,189,209,214,218,221,226,232) wrote "On the (face of the) Moon", (Ort12,189,192,224), "Vitae illustrium virorum" including "Life of Theseus" (Ort186), "Life of Camillus" (Ort189,206,207,208), "Marius" (Ort189,199,200,212), "Life of Demetrius" (Ort192), "Life of Cato the Elder" (Ort224), "Life of Cæsar" (Ort197,198), "Life of Pericles" (Ort216), further "De delectu oraculorum" <= on the ceasing of oracles> (Ort192,217,222), "Æmilius" (Ort231), "De Montibus" <= About Mountains> (Ort221,222), "Morals" (Ort224), "Pyrrhus (Ort196), "Symposion" (Ort196), "Book of Virtues" (Ort196,213), "On fortitude of women" (Ort196,207,208), "On superstition" (Ort196), "Lesser Parallels" (Ort199,200), "Convivial. Quæst." (Ort199,200,207,208,211,221), "Greek Questions (Ort207,208,217), "Comparing living creatures" (Ort224), "Natural Questions" (Ort224), "Laconia Apothegmata" (Ort215), "Comparison between Animals" (Ort217), "Osiris" (Ort221,222), "Tranquillity of the Mind" (Ort224), "About Alexander" (Ort222) and "Tanais" (Ort213). He quotes Sosthenes’ "History of Iberia" (Ort193) and Xenagoras (Ort231). He is quoted by Clemens Alexandrinus (Ort199,200).
Ort11.2, 85.12, 90.11, 132.11, 137.3; On the Moon: 12.10
Poldus (?) (Ort196).
Pollux, Ælius or Iulius the Grammarian (?) (Ort193,196,214,217) wrote "De Manibus" (Ort211) and is quoted by Eusthatius (Ort147).
Quoted by Eusthatius: Ort147.22.
Poldo Albenas, Jean (1512-1563), (not to be confused with De Poldo Albenas of Hameln, Germany) from Nimes, France, wrote about his native city in "Discours historial de l’antique et illustré cité de Nismes" <= historical discourse of the antiquities of the illustrious city of Nimes> (Ort48), Lyon 1560.
Ort49.3, 49.12; Book on Nimes: Ort48.3.
Polo, Marco (?) wrote about his travels. His writings were translated into various languages. A Latin version was published by Reineccius, Helmstad Germany, 1585, and a German version was published by Megister.
On mapsheet (twice) Ort163; Ort163.14-15.
Polyænus (?) (Ort196,199,200,212,215,222,231) is quoted by Heraclides (Ort216).
Polybius, Athenæus (?) (Ort167,189,193,196,199,200,203,204,205,206,207,208,210,212,213,214,216,217,218,220,222,224,226) wrote "Roman Histories", "Report to Andreas" (Ort136), "Deipnosophiston" (Ort193,203,214,216,217,224) and "Athenæus (Ort12); in (Ort204,208) he quotes Thimon and "Histories" (Ort196,206) and is quoted by Suidas (Ort196), Dalechampus (Ort196), Possidonius (Ort196,203). He quotes Sosipater (Ort196), "De Ulyssibus" of Cratinus Comicus (Ort224), Protagorides’ "Daphnian Plays" (Ort232) and Philonides (Ort224) .
Ort12.9, 31.29, 137.3; Bk.2: Ort117.33, 118.33, Bk.5: Ort167.10, Bk.8 Ch.1: Ort26.8, Bk.9: Ort142.19; Report to Andreas: Ort136.10.
Polycarpus see Salisbury, Iohn of.
Polycraticon see Salisbury, Iohn of.
Polydor Vergilius (1470-1555) from Urbino, Italy received the order from King Henry VII of England to write a history of England. The resulting work "Angliæ historiæ libri XXVII" which was published in Basel in 1534 and 1555 shows him to be a pupil of Blondus. His ethnographic and geographic observations on England are very accurate.
Polyhistor Solinus see Solinus Polyhistor.
Pompeius, Festus (?) (Ort194).
Pompeius, Trogus (?) the serious Historiographer (Ort142,189,193,197,210,223) wrote "Histories" (Ort182,183,193,210) and cites Belgius (Ort197,198). Comments on Trogus were written by Iustinus (Ort197,198,210).
Ort123.3, 136.2, 142.17; Bk.43: Ort47.4.
Pomponius Mela, see Mela Pomponius.
Pomponius Sabinus see Sabinus Pomponius.
Pontanus, Joannes Jovius (1429-1503) from Naples served as a secretary, tutor and diplomat to the Aragone court and was the most important 15th century humanist of Naples. He wrote a history of the "Bellum neapolitanum", that is, the war fought between King Ferdinand (Alphonsus) and the Duke of Anjou, Johan of Calabria from 1460-1465 (Ort117,142).
Ort139.10; Wars of Naples Bk.2 & 6: 142.4, 142.5, 142.11, 142.13, 142.23; Famous deeds of King Alphonsus, Bk.1: Ort117.33, 118.33.
Ponticus Virunius (1467-1520) from Treviso, Italy published and commented on Sallustius’ "Bellum Iugurthinum". He also wrote histories on Italy and Britain.
Ort16.5k, 16.14
Porcacchi, Thomas or Porcaccius (died in 1585) (Ort217,224) from Tuscany, Italy, published and commented on Mela’s "De Situ Orbis" <about the situation of the world> and other classical authors such as Curtius, Dictys Cretensis and Darius Phrygius. He himself wrote "L’isole più famose del mondo descritte", <= description of the most famous islands of the world> (Ort1,2,3,147), Venice 1576. He seems to have published a world map in 1572 and a history of Como (Ort129).
Islands of the World: Ort1.55, 2.55, 3.60, 147.23, 149.8; History of Como: Ort129.14.
Pordenone Odorico see Odorico Pordenone.
Pophyrius (?) (Ort222) wrote "De Abstinentia" <from eating meat> (Ort221), and "De Sacrifijs" (Ort221).
Porphyrogennetas (?) (Ort216).
Posidonius or Possidonius (?) (Ort224) is quoted by Strabo (Ort212).
Posonius (?) (Ort196).
Possevinus Antonius (1534-1611) from Mantua, Italy was a learned Jesuit who travelled to Poland, Russia and Sweden as a delegate of the Pope and became familiar with these countries. He wrote "Biblioteca selecta de ratione studiorum" (Ort164) Rome 1593, "Epistola de rebus Suecicis, Livonicis Moscovitiás, Polonicis, Transilvanicis" Mantua, Italy 1580, "Moscovia" Wilna, Lithuania 1586, Atwerp 1587, Cologne 1595 bound together with writings by Bronovius, Reichersdorf and Werner.
Library Volume 1, Bk.9 Ch.9: Ort164.22.
Possidonius (?) is referred to in Athenæus’ "Deipnosophiston" (Ort196,203).
Postellus or Postel, Guillaume Barentonius (16th century) wrote "De universitate seu Cosmographia" (Ort170) Paris 1563, "De Etruria regionis originibus" Florence, Italy 1551, "Syriæ descriptio" and "Des merveilles des Indes et du nouveau monde", as well as numerous other works. He also designed a world map (Ort34).
Ort1.45, 2.45, 3.48, 8.8, 10.27, 11.30, 130.13, 159.5, 178.7, 179.7; On Universality: Ort170.8; World Map: Ort34.5, 34.6, 34.8, 36.17, 36.18, 36.20.
Prisæus, Joannes (?).
Ort16.5k
Priscianus or Rhemnius (?) (Ort199,200,209,212,223,231).
Ort29.3, 30.3
Procopius or Procops (?) (Ort213,214,218) wrote a report on the war between the Goths and the Vandals (Ort209,217,218) which was published by Beatus Rhenanus in Basel, Switzerland, in 1531. Also "De Ædifici Imperatoris" <= About Imperial Buildings> (Ort212,214,216,218,222,231) and "History of Persia" (Ort232). His writings were also edited and published by Adamæus Theodorich, and commented upon by Petrus Divæus and by Iacobus Mesoburgus Meyer.
Ort47.5, 78.11, 125.8, 161.5, 161.9, 161.11.
Prodicius, Hercules see Hercules Prodicius.
Propertius (?) the Poet (Ort186,203,209).
Prosper Aquitanus see Aquitanus Prosper.
Protagorides (?) wrote "Daphnian Plays" referred to by Athenæus (Ort232). Ortelius deplores that he cannot get hold of a copy (Ort232).
Prudentius the Christian Poet(?) (Ort209,217,221,222) wrote an address "To Symmachus" (Ort209).
Prüm, Regino of see Regino of Prüm.
Prusæus Dion see Dion Prusæus.
Pseudoberosus see Berosus the liar.
Ptolemæus Alexandrinus, the Prince of Geographers (c. 100-170 A.D.) was the first cartographer to employ in his "Geographia"systematic listings by latitude and longitude, an achievement for which he had no successors for 1400 years. Most references below apply to his "Geographia" which appeared in the Renaissance in numerous editions. (180,181,182,183,189,192,193,196,199,200,203,206,207,208,209,210,212,213,214,216,218,219,221,222,224,230,233), mostly referring to his "Geography". He also wrote "Quadripartite" (Ort189) and "Almagest" (Ort192).
Ort1.7, 2.4, 3.43, 8.3, 9.54, 11.54, 12.2, 18.6, 18.11, 19.41y, 19.45m, 23.7, 29.2, 30.2, 31.2, 31.12, 36.10, 37.15, 38.2, 38.6, 40.2, 40.5, 42.4, 46.3, 49.9, 49.22, 56.2, 57.2, 69.7, 70.7, 71.7, 80.11, 80.15, 80.18, 80.27, 80.38, 82.2, 83.2, 84.9, 102.6, 103.6, 104.5, 105.2, 106.2, 107.2, 107.15, 108.2, 110.6, 110.11, 114.2, 114.8, 117.3, 118.3, 127.2, 128.4, 137.5, 137.6, 137.8, 143.9, 144.5, 145.2, 156.2, 157.2, 157.21, 159.3, 159.7, 159.8, 161.7, 164.22, 172.6; Geography Bk.2, Ch.9: Ort67.10, Bk.5-7 & 12: Ort6.5, 7.7.
Ptolemæus Claudius see Claudius Senensis Ptolemæus.
Pullman (late 16th century) published works by Claudianus Claudius in Antwerp, Belgium 1572.
Pyrrhus Ligorius see Ligorius Pyrrhus.
Pythagoras (?) the Greek philosopher (Ort194,196,210,216,224).
Ort12.10
Pytheas (?) quoted by Strabo, discussed by Diodorus Siculus (Ort161).
Quoted by Strabo: Ort161.11; Discussed by Diodorus Siculus: Ort161.11.
Quadratus, Asinius (?) wrote "Germany" as reported by Cæcilius (Ort199) or Agatius (Ort200). Ortelius complains that he cannot find and purchase this book.
Quadripartite (?) (Ort199,200).
Quintilianus, Marcus Fabius (c.35-95 A.D.?) (Ort222) wrote "Oration" (Ort211) and "Institutiones oratoriæ" (Ort232), first printed in Venice in 1471.
Quintinus Heduus or Jean Quintin (1500-1561) from Autin published a booklet on Malta, Lyon France 1536, Venice Italy 1545,
Quiqueran or Quinqueranus, Pierre or Petrus (1526-1550) had already been appointed bishop of Lens, France but died before he was ordained. He wrote "De laudibus Provinciæ libri III" Paris 1551, Lyon 1565, which was bound together with "De adventu Annibalis in adversam ripam Arelatensis agri, hexametri centum".
Ort47.9
Quirini, Peter (?).
Ort12.24, 160.17.
Ramusio or Ramusius, Ioannes Baptista (1485-1557), (Ort213,224) a Venetian historian wrote "Periplus" (Ort224). He refers to two books by Arrianus, viz. "Arriano: lettera intorno al Mare Maggiore" and "Nearcho, Navigatione la quale scritta Arriano". Also to Diodorus Siculus’ "Diodoro Siculo: Navigatione di Jambolo". He is best known for republishing a collection of travel reports as "Raccolta di navigazioni e viaggi", Venice 1550, 1556, 1559 and more. The authors he published include Cadamosto, Hanno, Vasco da Gama, Alvarez, Amerigo Vespucci, Thomas Lopez, Gio da Empoli, Barthema, Diodorus Siculus, Andreas Corsali, Francis Alvarez, Nearchus, Barbosa, Poggio, Hieronymus di St. Stephano, Transilvanus, Antonius Pigafetta, Juan Gaietano, Marco Polo, Joseph Barbaro, Ambius Contarini, Albert Campense, Paulus Jovius, Arrianus, Giorgio Interiano, Hippocrates, Petrus Quirinus, Sebastian Cabot, Zeno, Guagnino, Mattheus à Michow, Martyr, Oviedo, Cortez, Nunnius Alvarez, Nan. Guzman, Francis Ulloa, Marco di Nizza, Pizarro, Francis Xeres, Verazzano and Cartier. Gastaldi assisted in the engraving of a number of maps to illustrate the texts within this book.
Letters Ort8.15,
Rantzow, Heinrich of (16th century) wrote "Chronicon Alberti Stadensis" which was published by Reineccius in 1587.
Ranzanus, or Ranzane, Petrus (1420-1492) was a Dominican from Palermo, Sicily, Italy who became bishop and was in Hungary for three years as a delegate of Ferdinand of Naples. He wrote "De rebus Hungaricis" (Ort150), which was published by Sambucus in Vienna in 1558.
Ort152.7, 153.7; Abridged Histories of Hungary: Ort150.13.
Raphelengius, Franciscus (16th century) junior was a philologist and publisher from Leiden who published and commented on Cæsar: "C. Julii Cæsaris omnia quæ extant" Leiden 1593. He corresponded with Ortelius.
Rauwolph, Leonard (?) wrote "Oriental Journal (Ort173).
Oriental Journal: Ort173.17.
Ravenna, Guido of (?) quotes Iginus’ writings about the cities of Italy 600 years ago (Ort118).
Quoting Iginus' writings about the cities of "Italy" six hundred years ago: Ort117.5, 118.5.
Raymond, Baptist (?) wrote "Arab geography" (Ort19).
Arab Geography: 19.10a
Regino or Rheginon of Prüm (died in 908) wrote a Chronicle describing the deeds of the Franks and other German peoples. It was published by Rotenhan in 1523. Another edition appeared in Frankfurt in 1583.
Ort67.10
Reichersdorf, George or Reichersdorfer or Reichendorff (16th century) wrote the rare publication "Moldaviæ quæ olim Daciæ pers, chorographia, Georgio a Reichersdorf Transilvano auctore, Viennæ 1541" (Ort155), bound with a work by Bronovius and Georg Werner about Transylvania, Moldavia and Chersonesus Tauricæ, and published by Arnold Mylius in Cologne in 1595.
Ort153.7; Moldavia: Ort155.17.
Reigersberg, Ioannes see Reygersberg.
Reijcke, Jodocus de see De Reijcke.
Reineccius, R. (1541-1595), history professor at Frankfurt on the Oder and later in Helmstedt published a work by Burchard called "Borchardi (Monachi germanici) circa annum 1283 descriptio terræ sanctæ et regionum finitimarum. Item Salignacio (Barth. de) itinerarium hierosolymitanum ex bibliotheca Alvenslebiana" in Magdeburg, Germany 1587. He also published the "Chronicon Sclauorum" of Helmold, a priest from Busow who lived in the time of Barbarossa. Also: Travels of Marco Polo in Latin, Helmstedt 1585, as also Rantzow’s "Chronicon Alberti Stadensis" in 1587. He also published the work "Geschichte der Markgrafschaft Meissen". Finally, his publications include "Syntagma de familiis quæ in monarchiis tribus prioribus rerum potentiæ sunt" (Ort154,155), Basel 1574 and "The origins of the Mysni" (Ort96).
The origins of the Mysni: Ort96.4, 96.11; On noble families: Ort154.15, 155.15.
Reisnerus, Adams (?) wrote "Seven Books" (Ort170).
Seven Books: Ort170.9.
Resende, Andreas or Andreus or Amil (1498-1573) from Evora, Portugal wrote "De antiquitatibus Lusitaniæ" <= about the antiquities of Portugal> (Ort11,26) 1593.
Antiquities of Portugal: Ort11.27, 26.8
Reyneckius, Reinerus see Reineccius.
Reygersberg Janus (?) wrote "Chronyk en Historie van Zeeland", republished by Boxhorn in Middelburg, Zeeland, the Netherlands 1634. Possibly Ortelius possessed this work much earlier in manuscript form. Also author of "Annales" (Ort61,62,78).
Chronicle: Ort61.7, 62.7; Annals Ort78.8.
Rhellicanus, Johan, or Müller von Rhellicon (died in 1542) published works by Cæsar (Ort115) and a poem called "Descriptio montis Stockhornii".
Commentaries on Cæsar: Ort115.5, 115.12
Rhemnius see Priscianus.
Rhenanus Beatus (1486-1547) (Ort228) published and commented on Tacitus’ "Germania" (Ort227,230). Also: Velleius Paterculus’ "Historia Romana, 1522. Also: a report on the war between the Goths and Vandals by Procops as "Rerum Germanicarum libri III", in Basel Switzerland, 1531.
Ort44.1, 56.7, 57.8, 67.11, 112.8, 115.4; German Histories Bk.1: Ort112.10.
Rheticus, Georg Joachim (1514-1576) worked with Schöner and Copernicus and disseminated Copernican’s views in "Narratio prima de libris revolutionum", published in Danzig in 1539.
Rhodius, Appolonius see Appolonius Rhodius.
Richard Hakluyt see Hackluyt Richard.
Richer or Richier, Christophe (16th century) from Sens, France, who served King Francois I wrote a history about the origins of the Turks, Paris 1540, and a biography about Tamerlan.
Ort168.8, 169.8.
Rijcke, Jodocus de, see De Reijcke.
Rithaimer or Rithmayer, Georgius (16th century) was a professor at the university of Vienna who wrote a geographical textbook called "Georgii Rithaymeri de orbis terrarum situ compendium ad Hieronymum Vueyrer Præpositum Reycherspergensem" (Ort105,144), published by Johann Petreium in Nurnberg in 1538.
Ort1.33, 2.33, 3.36, 4.6, 5.7, 93.10, 100.4, 104.10, 143.2, 143.6, 152.7, 152.10, 153.7, 161.27, 161.74, 170.7; Abridgement of the situation of the world: Ort105.2, 105.5, 106.2, 106.5, 144.15, 145.12; Geography: 145.14f.
Rivander, Zacharias (died in 1549) wrote a Thüringen Chronicle which was published in Frankfurt in 1506 and in 1581.
Ort96.4.
Roelvingius, Werner (?).
Ort91.4, 91.8.
Roger of Hoveden see Hoveden, Roger of.
Rogers or Rogersius, Daniel (?) a good friend (kinsman?) of Ortelius according to his text of Ort17 & Ort19 who wrote "Customs and Laws of the Ancient Britons" (Ort17,19) and "Ireland" (Ort22).
Customs of the Ancient Britons: 17.11, 19.59, 20.16; Ireland: 22.40
Romulus Amaseus, see Amaseus Romulus.
Roseus or Roserius or Rosières, Francois de (1534-1607) from Toul, France wrote the work "Stemmata Lotharingiæ ac Barri ducum" <origins of the dukes of Lorraine and Berry> (Ort50), Paris 1580, in which he attempted to prove that the rulers of Lotharingen descend from Charlemagne, and derive a claim to the French throne from this.
Dukes of Lorraine: Ort50.12, 63.6
Rotenhan (?) published a Chronicle written by Regino of Prüm on the Franks and other German peoples in 1521.
Rubeus (?) wrote a "History of Ravenna" (Ort204,205).
Rubricius, William (?) was a Friar in the order of St. Franciscus who wrote "Travels" (Ort163).
Travels: Ort163.9.
Rubruquius see Ruysbroek.
Ruffinus (?) (Ort184).
Rufus Festus Avienus see Avienus Rufus Festus.
Rufus, Ioannes Sextus (13th century) was an English Dominican monk who wrote "Chronicon pontificum et imperatorum" <chronicle of priests and emperors>.
Ort16.5a, 18.2, 129.16, 144.10, 145.7, 149.6, 149.7.
Rufus or Rufius, Sextus Anienus (?) (Ort18, 129, 144,193,196,203,212,214,216,218,232).
Rusticus, Fabius (?) (Ort192) wrote "Epistle for Saint Ambrosius" (Ort196).
Ort19.10d
Rutilius (?) (Ort204,205,209).
Ruysbroek or Rubruck or Rubruquis (13th century) was a Franciscan clergyman who with his companion Bartholomæus travelled in Western and Central Asia. He wrote an "Itinerarium" in 1253.
Sa, Emanuel (?).
Ort178.3, 179.3.
Sabellicus, Anthonius (?) "Enneas" (Ort16,101,175).
Ort117.27, 117.33, 118.27, 118.33, 143.8; Enneas Bk.2 Ch.10: Ort101.6, 101.22, Bk.8: Ort175.20, Bk.10, Ch.5: Ort16.5k, 16.14, 16.18.
Sabellicus, Marcantonio Coccio (1436-1506) wrote a history of the world called "Enneades sive Rhapsodia historiarum" Venice 1504, as also "De vetustate Aquileiæ ll. VI". He also published works by Florus.
Ort149.8; About the monuments of Aquileya Bk.1-6: Ort119.11.
Sabinus, Pomponius (?) (Ort210).
Saccus, Bernardus (16th century) from Pavia, Italy wrote "Historiæ Ticinensis ll. X".
Ort118.33.
Sadduces (?) (Ort196).
Salanus (?) wrote "De Providentia" (Ort218).
Saligniaco, Bartholomæus (?) wrote "Itinerarium terræ sanctæ" published in Lyon 1525 and Magdeburg 1587.
Ort170.8.
Salignus, Conrad (?) Second Emperor of Rome, (Ort87).
Salisbury, Iohn of, or Polycraticon or Polycarpus (?) wrote Polycraticon (Ort 137).
Polycration Bk.6 Ch.17, Bk.8 Ch.24: Ort137.4.
Salustius or Sallustius (?) wrote "Bellum Iugurthinum" (Ort8) concerning North Africa. It was published and commented on by Ponticus Virunius (1467-1520), Aldo Manutio (Venice, 1576) and Fulvius Ursinus (Antwerp, 1595). He also wrote "Histories" (Ort199,200) and left "Fragments" (Ort210,212).
Ort29.3, 30.3, 138.7; Bellum Iugurthinum: 8.14
Salvianus, Ioannes (?) (Ort143,217).
Ort143.8.
Sambucus, Ioannis (?).
Ort129.17, 144.2, 145.16, 151.2, 153.9.
Sanfelicius Antonius (16th century), a Francescan from Naples, Italy wrote "De situ et origine Campaniæ", (Ort139).
Campania: Ort139.10.
Sanjulian, Pierre (died in 1593) from Calons, France, wrote various works of which "De antiquitatibus civitatis Cabillonensis" is best known.
Ort54.6, 54.8, 54.9.
Sanutus (?)
Quoting Livius Ort8.15
Sapiens Gildas see Gildas Sapiens.
Sappho the Poetess (?) (Ort216).
Saputus, Livius (?).
Africa: 12.25
Sarayna, Torellus (16th century) from Verona, Italy was a lawyer who wrote about his native city "De civitatis Veronæ origine, amplitudine, viris illustribus antiquis Veronensibus, monumentis Veronensibus, interpretatione literarum antiquarum" (Ort120), Verona 1540.
Antiquities of Verona: Ort120.8.
Sardus, Alexander (16th century) was a philosopher from Ferrara, Italy who wrote "De moribus et ritibus gentium" <= about habits and rituals of people>, Venice 1540, and also "De inventoribus rerum" <= about the discoverers of matters> (Ort12).
Ort1.60,2.60,3.66; De Inventoribus Rerum: 12.22
Savile (16th century) published in 1596 in London the "Annales rerum Anglicarum", intended to be a sequel to Beda’s Ecclesiastical History, written by Roger Hoveden, (12th century), an English historian. He also published a History of England written by Henry Huntingdon (12th century) in 1154.
Saxo Grammaticus (abt. 1150-1216) wrote a Danish History which was published in Paris 1514, in Basel 1534 and in Frankfurt 1576.
Ort80.15, 84.2, 84.5, 85.2, 85.6, 86.6, 87.17, 89.15, 160.17, 161.25, 161.29, 161.73, 161.75.
Saxton, Christopher (?).
Ort19.45d
Scalantus Bernardinus () has written a booklet about China which came into the possession of Ortelius (Ort164).
Ort164.2, 164.19.
Scaliger, Julius Cæsar (1484-1558), physician, publisher and commentator. He wrote "Comm. In Theophrastes historia plantarum" Leiden 1566, "Comm. In libros Aristotelis de plantis" Leiden 1556, a funeral address (Ort120) and an "Oration" about the city of Verona and lake Benacus in Italy. His son, also called Joseph, (1540-1609) was an important philologist who published and commented on Apuleius’ "De Mundo" and also Ausonius’ "Lectiones", (Ort193) published in Leiden in 1574.
Ort8.12, 123.5, 142.18; Funeral address: Ort120.9.
Scardioneus or Scardeonius, Bernardinus (died in 1574) from Padua Italy wrote "Libri III de antiquitate urbis Patavinæ et claris civibus" (Ort121).
Ort120.5; On the city of Padua 121.8, 122.8.
Scepperus Cornelius (1502-1555) from Nieuwpoort, Flanders, wrote down his travel experiences in an "Itinerarium". Also: Journal to Soliman (Ort143).
Journal to Soliman: Ort143.19.
Scepperus, Iacobus (?) wrote "Corography of Germany" (Ort194).
Scepsius (?) (Ort199,200,206).
Schardius, Simon (died in 1573) was a lawyer in Speyer who wrote "Historicum opus, in quator tomos divisum", Basel, 1574.
Schedel or Scheydel, Hartmannus.
Chronicle of time Ort1.46
Schonhovius (?) (Ort193).
Schott, Andreas (1552-1630) , from Antwerp was a Jesuit who published and commented on Antonini Augusti Provinciarum and Mela’s "De situ orbis spicelegio auctus" Antwerp 1582, and wrote "Hispania illustrata" and "Annotationum Spicilegium". He corresponded with Ortelius (Hessels nr. 113).
Schrot, Christianus (?) made a map entitled "The Pregrination of yhe children of God" (Ort181).
Schudi, Ægidius, see Tschudi, Ægidius.
Scipio Mazella see Mazella Scipio.
Scotus, Marianus (?).
Ort18.10
Sempronius, Caius (?).
Ort117.33, 118.33.
Seneca (?) (Ort10,11,209,221,222,224,231); Medea (Ort9,47,213,226) "Naturalis" (Ort189), "Epistle" (Ort193), "Claudij Ludus" (Ort194), "Natural Questions" (Ort196), ""Natural Philosophy" (Ort212), "Book of Anger" (Ort199,200), "Suaforijs" (Ort199,200), "Consolation" (Ort210,217), "Serenus" (Ort224), "Troas" (Ort217), and "God’s Providence" (Ort199,200).
Ort47.11; Medea 2nd Act 9.2,9.55,10.2,11.2, 11.55
Septuagint <= part of the Bible> (Ort182).
Sequester, Vibius (?) (Ort224) from Basel, Switzerland. He wrote geographical works on Switzerland: "Vallesiæ description libri II et de Alpibus commentarius", and together with Casper Collini "liber de thermis et fontibus medicatis Vallesianorum", (Ort2), Zürich 1574, as well as two volumes "De republica Helvetiorum" Zürich 1576.
About mountains, rivers etc. 2.22
Sequester Vibius see Vibius Sequester.
Seriolanus Furius Fredericus see Furius Fredericus Seriolanus.
Servilius, Johann or Knaep (born in 1500) from Brabant wrote "Geldro-Gallico coniuratio in totus Belgiæ clarissimam civitatem Antverpiam, duce Martino Rosheymio" Antwerp 1542, and "Treatise on Guelders and Brabant" (Ort65).
Treatise about Guelders and Brabant: Ort65.13, 66.13
Servius (?) (Ort192,193,196,199,209,210,218,224,232) wrote comments on Virgilius’ Georgics (Ort193,196,199,200,207,208,209,210) and Æneids (Ort193,210,216).
Ort142.9.
Severus, Alexandrus (?) (Ort203), quoting Lampridius (Ort193,227).
Severus, Sulpitus (?) quoted by Xiphilinus (Ort192).
Severin(us) Gobelius see Gobelius Severin.
Sextus the Philosopher (?=Rufus) (?) (Ort221).
Sextus Rufius or Rufus see Rufius Sextus.
Sichard or Sichardus, Johann (1499-1552) of Franconia, also worked at a municipal school in Munich wrote a work about old German laws "Leges Ripoariorun Bajouariorum et Allemannorum" Basel 1530, and "Chronik des Hermanns der Lahmen", Basel 1529, and a work on German History (Ort 154,155).
History of Germany: Ort154.10, 155.10.
Sicilius, Christianus (?) wrote a treatise on the Danes and Diethmarshers.
Treatise on the Danes and Dietmarshers: Ort88.7, 89.7, 90.7.
Siculus, Diodorus see Diodorus Siculus.
Siculus, Marinæus see Marinæus Siculus.
Sidonius Apollinaris see Apollinaris Sidonius.
Sigebertus Gemblacensis (died in 1113) was a Benedictine monk of Gemblour near Namur, Belgium, who continued the Chronicle of the Church father Hieronymus until 1112.
Ort161.2, 161.3.
Sigismundus Arquerus see Arquerus Sigismundus.
Silenus (?) (Ort31), quoted by Ælianus (Ort189).
Silius Italicus see Italicus Silius.
Silvius (=?Silius), (see also Æneas Sylvius Piccolomini) (?) (Ort137,193,218).
Silvius Æneas see Æneas Silvius.
Simeoni or Symeoni, Gabriel (1509-1575) of Florence, Italy lived in France for a long time and was also in the service of bishop Guillaume Duprat of Clermont, who ordered him to make a description of Limagne, resulting in "Dialogo pio e speculative" <= a limited and speculative dialogue> (Ort39), Lyon, 1560 which included a map of Limagne which Ortelius used. This work was translated into French by Guillaume Roville and published in Lyon in 1561 under the title "Description de la Limagne d’Auvergne". Simeoni also wrote "Illustres observations antiques", Lyon 1558, describing his travels in the Provence and Italy. He also wrote "Cæsar renovatus" (Ort194).
Ort47.6; An excellent and speculative dialogue: Ort39.5
Simler, Josias (1530-1575) published and commented on a geographical dictionary by Vibius. He also wrote "On the province of Valesia" (Ort115).
On the province of Valesia: Ort115.12.
Simon Grynæus see Grynæus Simon.
Smetius Martinus (Ort212) quotes Fulvius and Lipsius (Ort206).
Ort3.65
Socrates (?) (Ort186).
Solenander, Ioannes (?) (Ort 142).
Ort142.11
Solenander, Reiner (born in 1525) was personal physician of the Duke of Cleve, was in Italy for seven years, and wrote "De causa caloris fontium medicatorum eorumque temperatione", Lyon, France 1558 discussing Italian medicinal baths.
Solimus =? Solinus (Ort183).
Ort31.2
Solinus, Gaius Julius Polyhistor (3rd century) (Ort199,200,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,214,216,217,218,222,224,231) wrote a collection of fables and other unbelievable stories under the title "Polyhistor" (Ort19) which have geography as their starting point. It aimed to be a sequel to Plinius’ "Historia Naturalis". Solinus’ "Polyhistor" was published and commented on by J. Camers as "G.J. Solinus cum enarrationibus et indice Camertis", Vienna 1520, containing Apian’s famous world map, as also by Vadianus, Münster, Vinet, Olivarius and others. He quotes Cassius Hemina (Ort223), Varro’s "De Lingua Latina (Ort231) and Xenophon Lampsacenus (Ort224).
Ort1.11, 2.11, 3.11, 3.35, 16.11, 22.9, 141.2; Polyhistory Ch. 35: 19.45k
Sophianus Michael (?) (Ort181,224) wrote a description of Greece which was published by Nicolas Gerbelius in Basel, Switzerland.
Ort159.5.
Sophianus Nicolas (?) wrote the treatise "De astrolabio" and drew maps of Greece.
Sophista, Libanius or Libianus (Ort3) wrote "Life of Demosthenes" (Ort216) and "Oration" referred to by Julianus (Ort232).
Ort3.19
Soranus, Valerius (?) (Ort209) wrote "Life of Hippocrates (Ort224).
Sosipater (?) quotes from Varro’s "On Antiquities" (Ort196).
Sosthenos (?) quoted by Plutarchus (Ort193).
Sotacus (?) (Ort189), quoted by Plinius (Ort192).
Sozomen (?) (Ort214).
Spangeberg, Syriacus (1528-1604), historian and theologist wrote various Chronicles about Mansfeld, Saxonia, Henneberg etc., which Ortelius knew about but did not (yet) possess.
Ort94.4, 94.11.
Spartianus (?) (Ort218,222) wrote "Life of Emperor Hadrianus" (Ort231).
Ort49.3
Spatianus, Ælius (?) Ort83.
Ort82.2, 83.2.
Speed (?) Ortelius calls him his good friend in Ort22.
Ort22.41
Spiegel or Spielegius, Jak. (16th century) in 1531 in Strassbourg published a poem discovered by Celtis, C. in a monastery. The poem was called "Ligurinus sive de gestis Frederici I libri X", a description of the battles which Frederick Barbarossa fought with the Milan people whom he calls Ligures, written by Guntherus Ligurinus. Celtis gave it to K. Peutinger who published it in 1507. In 1569 a new edition was published by Otto von Freising in Basel, Switzerland which also included a biography of Friedrich I. Spiegel also wrote "Notæ in Guntheri Ligurinum" (Ort65), and "Scholia in Rich. Bartholini Austriados". He was a nephew of Beatus Rhenanus.
Letter to Guntherus of Genoa: Ort65.2, 66.2
Staden or Stadensis, Hans or Ioannes (16th century) travelled to South America in 1547 and 1554 and was kept captive by native Indians for 9 months. He reported about his experiences in a book with an introduction by Johan Dryander.
Ort9.48,10.48,11.51
Stanihurst, Richard (born in 1552) from Ireland wrote on his native country "De rebus in Hibernia gestis" Antwerp 1584, "Rerum Hibernicarum appendix" and "Descriptio Hiberniæ" London 1585.
Ort23.6, 23.10; Ireland: Ort22.40
Statius, Achilles and/or Alexandrinus(?) (Ort209,212,213,216,221,231) wrote "Achilleidos" (Ort189), "De Amoribus" (Ort193,211,221) and "Silvæ" <= About Forests> (Ort203).
Ort31.9
Stella Cherubin ().
Ort4.7,5.8
Stella, Christoffel (?).
Voyage of the Kings: Ort66.20
Stella Erasmus (died in 1521) of Leipzig, Germany wrote "De rebus et populis oræ inter Albim et Salam", "De antiquitatibus Borussiæ" (Ort88), and "De rebus Saxoniæ, Thuringiæ, Libanothiæ, Misniæ et Lusatiæ" which he attributes to his teacher Iannes Garzo Bononiensis.
Ort156.2, 156.6, 157.2, 157.6; On Ancient Matters Concerning Prussia, 2 books: Ort88.12
Stella, Ioannes Calvetus (?) from Spain wrote a Journal of King "Philip", Ort 58.
Stella, Tieleman (?).
Ort178.5, 179.5.
Stephanus Garibayus de Mondragone see Garibayus.
Stephanus Henricus Byzantinus (5th century) (Ort204,205,209,210,211,212,214,217,218,219,221,224,231) was a Greek Grammarian and writer of a lexicon (Ort 193) containing in alphabetical order the names of countries, cities, and peoples. The first printed version was published by Aldo Manutio, a further one by Wilhelm Xylander ("De Urbibus" <about cities> (Ort231), Basel Switzerland 1558). Stephanus also wrote "Airos" (Ort186) and quotes Hecataeus Cosmography (Ort193).
Cities, Ort1.21,2.21,3.24
Stephanus Lusignan see Lusignan Stephanus.
Stephanus Pighius see Pighius Stephanus.
Stephanus Taurinus see Taurinus Stephanus.
Stephen, Saint (?) wrote an Oration addressed to the Jews (Ort182).
Stertinius, Lucius (?) (Ort193).
Stobæus (?) (Ort193,196,222), quoting Calisthenes (Ort196), quoting Nicolaus (Ort196).
Strabo (?) was considered by the geographers of the 16th century as one of the greatest classical authorities. The best edition of his "Geographica" is considered to be the one by Wilhelm Xylander, Basel, Switzerland 1571. Another edition is by Casaubon (Ort209). There is also Straboes "Epitome" (Ort214). He quotes Pytheas (Ort161), Posidonius (Ort212), Homerus (Ort214,217), Apollodoris (Ort224), Eratosthenes (Ort224), Nicolaus Damascenis (Ort232) and Ephorus (Ort189).
On mapsheet in textblock below Caspian sea: Ort168; In text: Ort11.54, 22.2, 25.2, 25.7, 25.8, 26.3, 29.2, 30.2, 31.2, 31.3, 31.9, 31.29, 37.15, 38.2, 44.3, 45.3, 47.2, 47.3, 47.5, 47.8, 48.2, 49.2, 49.3, 49.11, 63.2, 79.18, 80.22, 82.2, 83.2, 89.2, 90.2, 114.2, 115.5, 115.12, 117.33, 118.33, 129.3, 137.25, 137.41, 141.2, 142.2, 142.3, 142.5, 142.10, 142.11, 142.15, 142.19, 142.21, 142.24, 144.8, 144.12, 145.8, 145.9, 147.10, 147.11, 147.29, 151.4, 159.7, 159.8, 166.2, 166.8, 174.5a, 174.18, 176.2; Bk.1-5 142.20; Bks.1-17: Ort1.10, 2.10, 3.10; Bk.3-10: Ort4.5, 5.6; Bk.7: Ort144.6, 145.3, Bk.11-16: Ort6.3, 6.5, 7.7, 9.54; Bk.16: Ort12.10, 172.6; Quoted by Lazius: Ort116.8; Quoting Pytheas: Ort161.11.
Stuckius, (late 16th century) (Ort224) published a work by Arrianus called "Arriani Flavii: Ponti Euxini et maris Erythræi Periplus" in Basel in 1577 (Ort212).
Stumpf or Stumpfius, Ioannes (1500-1566) wrote a Chronicle entitled "Gemeiner lobl. Eidgenossenschaft Städten, Landen, und Völkeren chronikwürdiger Taten Beschreibung". The first three books describe the topography and history of Europe, particularly on France and Germany, the other ten books on the topography of Switzerland (Ort115), first published in 1548. The "Schwytzer chronik" of 1554 is a summary after the example of Blondus.
Treatise on Switzerland: Ort115.5, 115.12.
Stunica (?) (Ort181,206).
Stupanus, Nicolaus from Rhetia (1542-1621), physician, is supposed to have written "Beschreibung des Landes am Riess", and published works by other authors such as a history of Naples by Pandulphis Collenutius, and three works by Alexander Piccolomini, viz. "De sphæra mundi", "Compendium de stellis fixis" and "De magnitude terræ et aquæ".
Ort115.5, 115.12.
Sudinus (?) (Ort189).
Suetonius, Caius Tranquillus (c.70-160 A.D.) "Life of Alexander" (Ort 31,47,186) and "Vespasianus (Ort192). Also "12 Cæsars" (Ort 144,145,196,197,198,199,200,203,229), the most important surviving work of Suetonius. It contains biographies of Julius Cæsar and the 11 emperors from Augustus to Domitianus, still very captivating to read.
Ort47.5, 82.2, 83.2; Life of Alexander: Ort31.4; Life of Tiberius Cæsar: Ort144.9, 145.6.
Suffridus Petrus see Petrus Suffridus.
Suidas (10th or 11th century) (Ort210,212,214,216,217,218,222,224,232) was a Byzantine scholar who wrote a Lexicon which was translated by the humanist Hieronymus Wolf into Latin and published in Basel, Switzerland in 1564 and in 1581. He also wrote "Lycurgus" (Ort199,200). He quotes Polybius (Ort196), Iulianus’ Misopogonos (Ort199,200), Tacitus (Ort199) and is commented upon by Casaubone (Ort196).
Ort176.3.
Sulphiciæ (?) wrote "Satirical Poems" (Ort187).
Superant, Franciscus (?) (Ort147).
Ort147.12.
Swein, King of Denmark (?) Ort87.
Syffridus (?) commented on Georgius Fabricius’ History of Misnia (Ort131).
Comments on George Fabricius' History of Misnia: Ort131.19, 131.21.
Sylburg, Friedrich (?), philologist.
Sylvester, Gerard (?) (Ort21).
Sylvius, Æneas see Æneas Sylvius.
Symmachius or Symmachus, Aurelius (?) (Ort196,209) wrote "Letter to Flavianus" (Ort192) and was addressed by Prudentius (Ort209). His works were annotated by Francis Iuret (Ort222).
Symphorian(us) Champier see Champier Symphorian.
Synesius (?) (Ort192) wrote "Oration De Dono" (Ort210) and "Letter to Euoptius" (Ort222).
Tacitus, Cornelius (c.55-117 A.D.) (Ort213,214,222,224) wrote "Germania" (Ort105), a work that enjoyed great popularity in Ortelius’ time. It was published and commented on by Beatus Rhenanus (1519), by Andreas Althamer (1529), by Jodocus Willichius, by Glareanus and by Lipsius (Ort199,200). Also "Annales" (Ort21,137,192,194,196,199,200,232), "Histories" (Ort182,183,194,199,200); "Iulius Agricola" (Ort192). He quotes Julian the Emperor’s "Misopogonos" (Ort199,200).
Ort16.5k, 16.14, 16.18, 18.2, 19.41y, 21.7, 21.25, 56.2, 56.6, 56.8, 57.2, 57.7, 57.9, 78.2, 80.11, 80.12, 80.18, 80.19, 80.27, 80.28, 80.31, 91.7, 101.5, 101.17, 127.3, 128.4, 132.11, 161.12; Bk.20: Ort79.2; Annales Bk.14: 21.12, Bk.20: Ort137.5; Germania: (quoted by Althamerus) 105.3, 106.3.
Taillepied, Noël (1540-1589) a clergyman from France wrote "Recueil des antiquités et singularités de la ville de Rouan", Rouan, France 1587.
Ort37.10
Taraffa Franciscus (16th century) from Barcelona, Spain wrote "De origine ac rebus gestis Hispaniæ usque ad Caroli Cæsaris inaugurationem" Antwerp 1553, Cologne 1577, Frankfurt 1579 together with a chronicle by Vasæus.
Ort25.8
Tarquinius (?) (Ort209).
Taurinus Stephanus (?) from Ölmutz Germany, wrote "Stauromachia" (Ort104), which deals with his native city.
Stauromachia: Ort104.10.
Tefellinus, Adamus (?) of Louvain wrote a "Journal" lent to Ortelius in manuscript form by Hadrianus Marselar (Ort217).
Tertullus (?) wrote "Acta" (Ort181).
Tertullianus (?) (Ort182,183,222) wrote "De Pallio" (Ort187), "De Cultu Feminarum" (Ort196), "Apologetico" (Ort196), "De Virginibus Velandis" (Ort199,200), "Apolog." (Ort199,200) and quotes Nicander.
Themistocles, Euphrad(a) (?) wrote "Orations" (Ort214).
Theocrites or Theocritus(?) (Ort210) wrote "Idyllion" (Ort226).
Theodoretus (?) (Ort232).
Theodorich Adamæus see Adamæus Theodorich.
Theodosius (?) quotes Dion (Ort199,200).
Theon, Sophista the Philosopher(?) (Ort222); accused by Theopompus of being a liar (Ort231).
Theophrastus, Eresius see Eresius Theophrastus.
Theopompus (?) (Ort224) quoted by Ælianus (Ort206); accusing Theon of being a liar (Ort231).
Thetingerus see Pedius Jo Thetingerus.
Thevetus or Thevet, or André Marmolius (1502-1590) (Ort213,224), a French cartographer and Franciscan monk who travelled to the Orient and Brazil. He was appointed Royal Cosmographer by the French King Henry the Third. He wrote "Cosmographie du Levant" (Ort170,174), Lyon 1554, 1556 and Antwerp 1556, "Les singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommée Amérique et de plusieurs terres et isles découvertes de nostre temps" Paris 1558, Antwerp 1558, "La Cosmographie universelle, illustrée de diverses figures des choses plus remarquables vue par l’auteur" Paris 1571, 1575. His works fell to well deserved oblivion, since they are full of mistakes.
Ort1.50, 2.50, 3.54, 9.47, 10.47, 11.50, 15.21, 24.11, 34.8, 36.20, 37.15, 38.8, 40.5, 41.2, 49.9, 49.22, 146.14, 172.9; Cosmography of the East: Ort170.8, 174.3.
Thimon (?) quoted by Athenæus in his "Deipnosophiston" (Ort207,208).
Thomas Huber of Liege (?) (Ort58).
Thucydides (?) (Ort141,210,211,214,215,216).
Bk.6: Ort141.6.
Tibullus (?) (Ort192,203,209).
Ort159.8.
Timæus (?) (Ort189).
Ort31.2
Timotheus (?) wrote a Dialogue quoted by Nugarola (Ort174).
Dialogue, quoted by Nugarola: Ort174.5.b
Titus, Emperor of Rome (?) wrote "Oration against the Jews" (Ort218).
Torres, Diego de (?) from Palentia, Spain, spent ten years in Morocco and wrote "Relacion del origen y sucesos de los Xarifes y del estado de los Reinos de Fez y Marruecos y Tarudante y los demas que tienen occupados" (Ort176,177), 1585.
Origin and succession of the Xariffes: Ort176.11, 177.21, 177.22.
Torresius see Torres Diego de.
Trallianus, Phlegon (?) (Ort203).
Transylvanus Maximilianus (?) from Transylvania wrote a book about the circumnavigation of the world "De Moluccis insulis".
Ort9.27, 10.27, 11.30, 166.8.
Trebellus or Trebellius, Pollo or Pollio (?) (Ort196,214,228) wrote "Balista" (Ort196), "Celsus Tyrannus" (Ort218), "Life of Æmilianus the Tyrant" (Ort221) and "Life of Claudius" (Ort196).
Trithemius, Johann (1462-1516) became a Benedictine abbot in Würzburg, Germany, and wrote a Franconian history "Compendium sive breviarum primi voluminis annalium sive historiarum de origine et gentis Francorum" (Ort78), Mainz 1515, printed by Marquard Freher, supposedly based on a Franconian chronicle by Hunibald, an author who never existed.
Ort100.4; Annals of the Franks: Ort78.7.
Trogus Pompeius see Pompeius Trogus.
Tschudi or Schudi, Ægidius or Gilg (1505-1572) travelled extensively through his native Switzerland, drew a map of Switzerland and wrote a historical-topographical work "Die uralt warhafftig Alpisch Rhetia" and is considered the Swiss founder of topography.
Ort115.4, 115.5, 115.11, 115.12, 115.19.
Tuberville, George (?) translated Ovidius’ verses (Ort226) and possibly the 1606 English Theatrum.
Turonensis, Gregory (?).
Ort42.4; Bk.3: 54.2
Turribus, Diego see Torres, Diego de.
Tyrius or Tyrus Maximus (?) (Ort194,196,203,222).wrote "Orations" (Ort210,222,231).
Tyrius, Wilhelm or Guilielmus (?) (Ort174,232) wrote "The Holy Wars" (Ort173).
Ort174.7, 174.8, 174.9; Bk.19 Ch.24: Ort174.5a; The Holy Wars Ort173.3.
Tzetzes, Isacius see Isacius Tzetzes.
Ugonio, Alexius (?) from Italy wrote "De solitudine". Ortelius refers in his Brixiani map (Ort123) to a letter by Ugonio to Cardinal Poole that we do not know anything about.
Letter to Cardinal Poole: Ort123.13.
Ulloa, Alonso de (16th century) translated Pedro Antonio Beuter’s history of Valencia into English in 1556.
Ulloa or Ullaus, Franciscus (16th century) from Spain explored the Gulf of California from Acapulco, Mexico in 1539. His reports were published by Ramusio.
Ort9.36,10.36,11.39,12.8
Ulpianus (?) (Ort218,228).
Ursinus Fulvius see Fulvius Ursinus.
Urstisius or Wurstisen, Christianus (born 1544) from Basel, Switzerland wrote a Basel Chronicle (Ort114), published in Basel in 1577.
Treatise on Basel: Ort114.8.
Utensicus, Victor (?) (Ort218).
Uticensis, Dionysius (?) (Ort203).
Vadianus, Ioachimus or Joachim or von Watt (16th century) from Germany published and commented on Mela’s "De Situ Orbis" <= about the situation of the world>. Also: Solinus "Polyhistor". He also wrote "Epitome trium terræ partium" (Ort170,178,179), Zürich. Switzerland 1534.
Ort1.34, 2.34, 3.37, 141.3, 147.11, 149.8; Summary of the Whole World in 3 volumes: Ort170.8, 178.8, 179.8.
Valentinus Muntzerus see Müntzer, Valentin.
Valerius, Iulius (?) (Ort222).
Valerius Maximus (?) (Ort196,203) wrote "De factorum dictorumque memorabilium", Basel 1577.
Van Ghistel see Ghistelius.
Vanadius (?).
Ort115.5, 115.12.
Varrenus, Gasparis see Barreiros, Caspar.
Varro, Marcus Terentius (116-27 B.C.) (Ort193,199,200,203,204,205,209,216,222,226), quoting Plinius: (Ort117,Ort118,193). He wrote "De re rustica" and "De lingua Latina" (Ort189,196,231) quoted by Solinus (Ort231). (Ort193,196,197,198,204,205,226), quoting Eratosthenes (Ort186,189); Further "Antiquities" quoted by Sosipater (Ort196) and "Oration" quoted by Gellius. He is also quoted by Nonius, and Plinius.
Ort47.4, 178.3, 179.3; Quoting Plinius: Ort117.26, 118.26.
Vartomannus see Barthema Luigi.
Vasæus Joannes or Jean de Vassée (1510-1552) from Flanders went to Spain and became a professor in Salamanca, Spain. He wrote "Chronicon rerum memorabilium Hispaniæ" <chronicle of memorable things of Spain> (Ort25), Salamanca 1552, imitating Blondus and following falsifications by Annius and Ocampo.
Ort26.5; Chronicle of Spain Ch.4: Ort25.2, 25.7
Vasco Nunnez see Nunnez Vasco.
Vasquez, Francisco or Franciscus (16th century) from Spain participated in a military expedition in 1540-1542 to Cibola and Quivira in Latin America, together with Alcaron. He wrote a report about this expedition which was published by Ramusio.
Ort9.37,10.37
Vassée, Jean de see Vasæus Joannes.
Vegetus or Vegetius Renatus the Warrior (?) (Ort193,196,199,200, 203,218,227,229) wrote "De re militari" <=On the Art of War>, Erfurt 1511, (Ort203,212), with numerous illustrations of military equipment.
Velleius Paterculus (?) wrote a "Historia Romana" which was published and commented on by Beatus Rhenanus (1522) and Justus Lipsius (Leiden, Netherlands 1591). He also wrote letters to Ortelius (Ort161).
Ort82.2, 83.2, 91.7; Letters to Ortelius: Ort161.19, 161.21, 161.70, 161.72.
Velserus (?) (Ort229).
Venetus, Aloyisius Ioannes see Vinet.
Venetus, Paulus (?).
Ort6.5, 7.7, 12.2, 163.5, 163.8, 166.2, 166.4.
Verazzanus, see Verrazzanus.
Vercerius, Conradus (?)
Ort60.2, 60.3
Vergenhans see Nauclerus.
Vergerius, Ludovicus (?) (Ort143,145).
Ort143.11, 145.13.
Vergilius Polydor see Polydor Vergilius.
Veronensis, Antonius (Ort3).
Ort1.37,2.37,3.40
Vernerius, Adolphus (?).
Ort168.5, 169.4.
Verrazzano or Verazzanus, Giovanni or Ioannes (?) was an Italian who entered into the service of the French King Francois I. He explored the East Coast of North America and his report on this was published by Ramusio.
Ort9.42,10.42, Verazano,11.45
Verris or Verres (?) published Ciceroes Orations (Ort141).
Ciceroes Orations: Ort141.6.
Verrutius, Hieronymus (?), Frisian lawyer, published and commented on "Historia Naturalis" by Plinius Caius Secundus.
Ort81.9.
Verstegan, M. (?) wrote "Restitution of decayed intelligence" (Ort192).
Vespucci or Vesputius or Vespucius, Amerigo or Americus (died in 1512) from Florence is referred to in the Americas map. His letters were published by Ramusio.
Ort9.43,10.43,11.46
Vibius Sequester (?) (Ort210) wrote a geographical dictionary "De fluviis, fontibus, lacabus, montibus, silvis et populis, quorum apud poëtas fit mentio", (Ort1,2,3) used by Boccacio without mentioning his source. Published and commented on by Josias Simler, Basel Switzerland 1575.
Ort29.3, 30.3; Rivers, Springs, Lakes etc. Ort1.22, 2.22, 3.25
Vicent Zacharias Lilius see Lilius Zacharias.
Victor, Aurelius (?) (Ort203).
Victor, P. (?) wrote "History of Provinces" (Ort229).
Ort129.16.
Victorinus, Marcus (?) (Ort196).
Vigenerius or Vigenereus, Blasius (1523-1596) (Ort197) published works by Cæsar in 1576 (Ort194), and wrote an astronomical treatise called "Tracté des comètes avec leurs causes et effets" Paris 1578.
Vignier, Nicolas (1530-1596) from France wrote historical works such as "Rerum Burgundionum chronicon" Basel 1575 and "Traité de l’origine, état et demeure des anciennes Francois" Troyes, France 1582.
Ort54.9, 72.3, 73.3.
Villagagnon or Villegaignon, Nicolaus Durand de (1510-1571) was a Maltesian Knight who accompanied Charles V to Tunis and later joined Hugenots to Brazil. He wrote "Caroli V. imp. De expeditione in Africam ad Argieram" (Ort25), Paris 1542.
Algiers: Ort25.12
Villanova(nus), Michael wrote "Commentaries on Ptolemæus" (Ort1,2,3,100).
Ort34.15, 35.6, 100.9; Comments on Ptolemæus: 1.40,2.40,3.43.
Vincentius of Beauvais (Bellovacensis) (13th century) was a Dominican monk and encyclopaedist who wrote "Specula maius", consisting of 3 parts, "Specula doctrinale, historiale, naturale" (Ort163), divided into 32 books with 3718 chapters, a summary of all natural history known in Western Europe, dealing with time, the four elements, plants and herbs, fishes, the zodiac, and the psychology and anatomy of man, which was published in Strassbourg 1473, Mainz 1474, Basel 1481 and Venice 1594 often augmented by "Specula morale".
Mirror of Histories Bk.2 Ort2.44, 3.47, Bk.30-32: Ort163.8.
Vinet or Vinetus or Venetus, Elias or Aloysius Ioannes (1509-1587) from Bordeaux, France, published "Lectiones" by Ausonius in Leiden in 1574. Also: Solinus "Polyhistor" and Mela. He wrote "L’antiquité de Bordeaux, de Bourg sur mer, d’Angoulême et autres lieux" Bordeaux 1565.
Ort47.4, 167.10.
Virgilius, Publius Maro (70-19 B.C.) the Great, Fair and Westerner (Ort79, 118,123,127,193,196,199,204,205,206,210,212,213,214,216,231,232) wrote "Georgics" (Ort193,197,198,199,200,207,208,212,218), commented on by Servius (Ort199,200,207,208,209) and "Æneads" (Ort142,204,205,210,216,222,223).
Ort16.5k, 16.14, 16.18, 19.13, 21.8, 21.11, 22.40, 72.10, 73.10, 79.5, 117.26, 118.26, 123.11, 127.2; History of England: 17.10, 20.13; Æneid, quoted by Erythræus Ort142.7, 142.11.
Virunius Ponticus, see Ponticus Virunius.
Viterbo or Viterbiensis, Ioannes Annius of see Annius of Viterbo.
Vitruvius (?) the famous architect (Ort216,231,232) wrote "Architecture" (Ort186,214). Quote of Vitruvius at top of Ort187 from 1592 onwards.
Vives, Ludovicus (?).
Ort19.13
Volaterranus, or Raphael Maffei or Maffeius, Ioannis Petrus (1452-1522) from Volterra, Italy wrote "Commentarii urbani" in 38 books the first 12 of which are of a geographical nature (Ort125). He quotes Georgius Alexander (Ort147) and wrote "De rebus Indicis" (Ort11,164).
Ort1.24, 2.24, 3.27, 4.6, 5.7, 117.33, 118.33, 130.13, 131.8, 138.3, 138.5, 141.15, 142.2, 143.16, 145.13, 147.3, 147.11, 149.8, Bk.1: 177.15; Quoting Georgius Alexander: Ort147.27; Geography: Ort125.7; History of the Indies: Ort11.30, Ort177.28, 177.30, Bk.6: Ort164.22, Bk.12: Ort165.2, 165.24, 166.8.
Volcatius (?) (Ort232).
Vopiscus, Flavius (?) (Ort194,196,212,228) wrote "Life of Emperor Carinus" (Ort72,73), "Life of Aurelianus" (Ort130,207,208), "Life of Saturninus" (Ort221) and "Life of Proculus" (Ort199,200).
Life of Emperor Carinus: 72.14, 73.14; Life of Aurelianus: Ort130.3.
Vrantz, Antonius (?) quoted by Lazius (Ort146).
Quoted by Lazius: Ort146.14.
Vulcanius, Bonaventura see Bonaventura Vulcanius.
Waldemar, King of Denmark (?) Ort87.
Warnefried see Paulus Diaconus.
Weissenburger, Wolfgang (died in 1575) from Basel wrote a description about the Holy Land "Terræ Sanctæ altera .." Strassburg 1536 and commented on Dominicus Niger’s Geography, 1557.
Welser, Marcus (?)
Wern(h)er, Georg (late 15th-16th century) wrote together with Bronovius a work on Moldavia, Transylvania and Chersonesus Taurica which was published by Mylius in Cologne in 1595. In 1505 Werner wrote "Hypomnemation de admirandis Hungariæ aquis" (Ort150).
Ort116.8; The strange waters of Hungary: Ort150.13, 150.16, 150.19, 150.22.
Wheathamstead, John (?).
Ort19.12
Widmanstade, Albert (?) (Ort193).
Wied, Antony (?) designed a map of Moscow (Ort189).
William Camden see Camden, William.
William of Newbury see Newburg, William.
Willichius Jodocus (1501-1552) from the Elsas published and commented on Tacitus’ "Germania". He also wrote "Germania ad rempublicam Argentinensem" and "Epitome rerum Germanicarum usque ad nostra tempora".
Ort56.8, 57.9, 158.7.
Wimman, Nicolaus (?).
Ort160.17.
Wimphelius, Iacobus of Sletstade (1450-1528) was the most conservative of the leading German humanists, professor of poetry and rhetoric at Heidelberg, wrote "Philippica", "Agatharcia", and "Adolescentia".
Ort56.7, 57.8
Wissenburgius, Wolfgangus (?).
Ort170.8.
Witichindus Saxo or Widukind von Corvey (10th century) wrote "Rerum ab Henrico et Ottone I Imp. Gestarum" (Basel, 1532). He was a Benedict monk.
Ort93.4.
Wolf, Hieronymus (died in 1516) from Öttingen, Germany translated the first 11 Books of Gregoras Nicephorus’ "Historia Byzantina" in 38 Books into German. This was published in 1562 in Basel, Switzerland, in 1567 in Paris, France, and in 1568 and 1587 in Frankfurt, Germany. He also translated the Lexicon written by Suidas which he published in Basel in 1564 and 1581.
Wolfgang Lazius see Lazius, Wolfgang.
Wright, Edward (?) (Ort183).
Xenagoras (?) quoted by Plutarchus (Ort231).
Xenophon (?) (Ort214,217,223) wrote "On Hunting" (Ort223).
Xenophon Lampsacenus (?) is quoted by Solinus (Ort224).
Xeresius or Xerez Franciscus (16th century) of Sevilla, Spain was a secretary of Pizarro who wrote "Conquista del Peru" published in Salamanca in 1547 as well as by Ramusio.
Ort9.41,10.41,11.44,15.4
Xiphilinus (?) (Ort189,214) quoting Severus and Dion (Ort192).
Xylander or Xylandrus, Wilhelm (16th century) (Ort203,209,212) published and commented on "De Urbibus" by Stephanus Byzantius, Basel, Switzerland 1568. Also "Geographica" by Strabo, (Ort189), Basel, Switzerland 1571, considered to be the best Strabo edition of the Renaissance.
Zacharias Lilio see Lilius Zacharias.
Zanchus Chrystostomus see Chrystostomus Zanchus.
Zeni, Caterino (?) (Ort186) wrote "Eclogs" (Ort161).
Ort167.10; Eclogs: Ort161.17.
Zeno or Zenis or Zenus, Antonie & Nicolu (?).
Ort11.29, 12.17, 12.24, 12.26, 160.10, 160.11, 160.12, 160.13, 160.16, 160.17.
Zichme (?).
Ort12.17
Zieglerus or Ziegler, Jakob (1470-1549) was an astronomer and geographer who wrote "Syria" and "Schondia" Strassburg 1532. His cartographic activities are mentioned on the maps of Palestina, Egypt and Scandinavia.
Ort84.6, 85.8, 86.8, 147.11, 149.8, 160.3, 160.9, 160.17, 170.8.
Zonaras (?) (Ort192,216).
Zosimus (?) (Ort36,192,199,200,203,212,214,226,231).
Ort36.10
Zozomen or Zozomene or Zozomenus(?) (Ort182,183,226,232).