Cabot, Sebastian (1474-1557) was born in Venice as the son of the maritime explorer Giovanni Caboto. In 1495 he moved to Bristol, England. He studied navigation and learned to design maps. In 1509 he sailed to North America and tried to find the North-West passage. He moved to Spain and travelled on request of Spanish authorities to South America and East Asia, retuned to Spain and taught navigation and cartography in Sevilla. In 1548 he returned to England. He published various world maps which were not used by Ortelius. Yet, he is mentioned in Ortelius’ Catalogus Auctorum from 1570 onwards.
Ort160.18.
Cadamosto see Cadamostus.
Cadamostus, Alvise or Aloyisius (15th century) was a Venetian sea explorer who worked for the Portuguese Prince Henricus on the African West coast in 1455 and 1456. He wrote down his experiences in "Navigazione nell’ Africa" which Ramusio included in his collection. Ortelius refers to his "Letters" (Ort12).
Ort8.15, 75.5, 77.5;
Epistles: Ort12.25.
Cæcilius Firmianus Lucius, also called Lactantius (c. 240-c. 320 A.D.) was a Christian orator and philosopher who wrote "De divinis institutionibus" (published in 1479), "De ira dei" and "De opificio dei vel de formatione hominis". He also reports on a book called "Germany" written by Asinius Quadratus which Ortelius deplores not to possess (Ort199,200).
Ort196.105, 221.42, 224.10;
Reporting on Asinius Quadratus' Germany: Ort199.64, 200.65, NB not in Ortelius' library.
Cæcilius Plinius see Cælius Plinius.
Cælius Plinius Secundus, also Plinius Minor (61-113 A.D.) was the nephew of Plinius Maior, who was less inclined towards science than his uncle, and more towards literature. His Panegyrics, such as "Panegyric to Traianus" (Ort221), are well known. Plinius wrote Epistles to Iunius Mauricius (Ort123,206) to Licinus Sura (Ort129) to Macer (Ort199,200), to Timosthenes (Ort213) and to Maximus (Ort215).
Panegyric to Traianus 221.15, 221.26
Timosthenes: Ort213.14;.
Epistles to Iunius Mauricius: Ort123.3, 206.9;
Epistle no. 4 to Licinus Sura: Ort129.13;
Epistles to Macer Bk.3: Ort199.11, 200.11;
Epistle to Maximus: Ort215.5.
Cæriolanus see Furius Fredericus Seriolanus.
Cæsar, Julius (100-44 B.C.) was military commander of the Romans. His works are written in the third person to convey an impression of objective history rather than personal memoir. They were often published and commented on, for instance by Phil. Beroald from Bologna, by Rhellicanus, by Gaguin in French (Paris, 1539) and by Blasius Vigenerius in 1576. His best known work which survived in its entirety is "De bello Gallico" <= The War against the Gauls> (Ort36,37,39,42,55,78,190, 194,196,197,198,199,200). Also "Commentaries" on the wars in Africa, Alexandria and Spain, written by members of his staff, (Ort19,25,34,36,70,71,73,115,189,190, 192,194,196,200) which first appeared in print in 1471 in Venice, with numerous subsequent editions. These "Comments" are quoted by Vigenereus (Ort194). He also wrote a report to "Arriovistus" (Ort199,200) and "De Bello Civili" (Ort47,192,196).
Cæsar is mentioned seven times on mapsheet Ort191;
Ort16.4, 16.5k, 16.7, 16.14, 16.18, 17.5, 37.11, 38.2, 39.2, 39.12, 45.4, 47.2, 54.4,58.40, 63.2, 63.4, 69.7, 72.2, 72.9, 72.10, 99.5, 107.2, 108.2, 119.3, 129.14b, 152.2, 153.2, 156.7, 157.7, 190.2, 190.4-6, 190.11, 190.12, 190.15-19, 190.21, 190.31, 190.35-42, 190.47, 190.51-55, 190.58, 190.61, 191.8, 192.5, 192.9-15, 192.21, 192.26, 192.28-31, 192.34, 192.37, 192.62, 193.26, 194.3, 194.5, 194.8-12, 194.19, 194.20, 194.30, 194.31, 196.3, 196.4, 196.11, 196,13, 196.14, 196.17-19, 196.36-38, 196.43, 196.52, 196.62, 196.62, 196.63, 196.72, 196.73, 196.81, 196.89, 196.96, 196.107-111, 196.116, 197.2, 197.5, 197.15, 198.2, 198.5, 198.15, 199.6, 199.8, 199.15, 199.33, 199.36, 199.37, 199.38, 199.42, 199.45, 199.48, 199.54, 199.60, 199.63, 200.6, 200.8, 200.15, 200.33, 200.36, 200.37, 200.38, 200.42, 200.45, 200.48, 200.54, 200.60, 200.63;
De Bello Gallico <= Wars against the Gauls>: 78.12, 192.6, Bk.1: Ort55.11, 197.8, 197.9, 198.8, 198.9, Bk.2: Ort197.9, 197.15, 198.9, 198.15, Bk.5: Ort191.7, 192.62, 197.3, 197.4, 198.3, 198.4, Bk.6: Ort194.4, 199.33, 199.58, 200.33, 200.58, Bk.7: Ort36.11, 37.15, 39.6, 196.100, Bk.11: Ort42.4, 54.5;
Commentaries: Ort19.10c, 19.10d, 19.17, 19.18, 19.19, 19.20, 19.24f, 19.39w, 19.40x, 19.41y, 19.52, 25.8, 34.3, 34.9, 70.7, 71.7, 73.2, 73.9, 73.10, 115.5, 115.7, 189.21, 192.8, 192.30, 194.2, 196.75, 196.91, Bk.1: Ort36.2, 36.3, 36.10, 36.15, 36.21, Bk.3: Ort196.8, 196.43, 196.44;
Civil Wars: Ort47.3, 192.6, Bk.3: Ort196.7;
Comments on French Wars Bk.1: Ort190.34, 199.73, 200.73, Bk.4: Ort199.73, 200.73;
Cæsar’s Comments quoted by Vigenereus: Ort194.32;
Reporting to Arriovistus: Ort199.60, 200.60;
Rhellicanus' commentaries on Cæsar: Ort115.5, 115.12.
Cæsar Orlandi see Orlandi, Cæsar.
Cæsarius, Johannes (16th century), was a mathematician and astronomer of Cologne, brother of Nazianzenus, and teacher of Tilemann Stella. Cæsarius wrote "Memorabilia" (Ort22) and "Dialogues" (Ort178,179,212).
Memorabilia Bk.12: Ort22.29;
Dialogues: Ort178.7, 179.7, 212.26.
Calamæus, Joannes (16th century), seigneur of Lessay and Portail-Milly, was a lawyer in Bourges, France, with an interest in geography who wrote "L’histoire de Berry, contenant l’origine, antiquités, gestes, prouesses, priviléges et libertés des Berruyers avec particulière description du dit pays", Bourges 1566, which includes a Berry or Biturigum map used by Ortelius.
Mentioned in the cartouche of Ort 39a Berry as the maker of this map Ort39
Ort39.2, 39.3, 39.8
Calcagninus, Cælius (1479-1541) from Ferrara, Italy wrote "Opera aliquot" (Basel, 1544) containing essays of encyclopedic learning. He is regarded as a forerunner of Copernicus.
Ort213.13.
Calcondylas see Chalcocondylas.
Calisthenes (fourth century B.C.) was a Greek philosopher, historian and a friend of Plutarchus. He participated in the travels of Alexander the Great and reported about them. He is quoted by Stobeus (Ort196).
Quoted by Stobeus: Ort196.23.
Callimachus, Philippus Experiens (1437-1496) from Italy later went to Cracow, Poland. He was a member of the Roman Academy of Pomponius Lætus, fled to Buda, and in 1469 to Cracow. His love poems for the Polish girl Fannia, his writings on rhetoric and his Histories on Hungary and Poland are literary landmarks. The titles of his publications: "Rhetorica", "Ad innocentium VIII de bello Turcico inferendo oratio", "Historia de Rege Vladislao" and "De his quæ a Venetis tentata sunt".
Ort216.41, 217.18, 226.10.
Callisthenes see Calisthenes.
Callistus, Xantopoulos Nicephorus (14th century) of Constantinople wrote "Historia Ecclesiastica" (Paris, 1566).
Ort222.29, 232.2, 232.20, 232.23.
Calpurnius, Gaius Piso (1st century A.D) was a prominent Roman patron of literature who led a conspiracy against Emperor Nero and was killed as a result of it.
Ort193.53.
Calpurnius Flaccus see Flaccus, Calpurnius.
Calpurnius, Siculus Titus (second half first century A.D.) wrote Eclogues, courtly poems aimed at flattering the Emperor (in his case Claudius and Nero), or of a pastoral nature.
Ort209.16.
Calpurnus Flaccus see Flaccus, Calpurnius.
Calvetus de Estrella (16th century) from Barcelona, Spain, accompanied King Philip on his journey to Belgium. He wrote an elaborate account about this journey containing interesting observations about habits and morals of the time including statistical observations, called "El felissimo viaje del muy alto y poderoso principe don Phelippe, Hijo d’el Emp. Don Carlo V desde Espanna, as sus tierras de baxa Alemana, con descripcion de todos estados de Brabante y Flandes" (Ort58), Antwerp 1552.
Journal of King Philip: Ort58.7.
Calvus, Fabius (died in 1527) of Ravenna was a physician who translated the works of Hippocrates. He wrote about Rome: "Antiquæ urbis Romæ cum regionibus simulachrum" Basel 1558.
Ort129.17.
Cambrensis Giraldus see Giraldus Cambrensis.
Camden, William (1551-1623) from London worked at the School of Westminster and was appointed "Clarencieux King-at-Arms in 1597. He wrote a geographical description of Great Britain called "Britannia sive florentissiomorum regnorum, Angliæ, Scotiæ, Hiberniæ et insularum adiacentium ex intima antiquitate chorographica descriptio" (1586, London) (Ort16,19,22,192,194,196). It was written after the model which Blondus developed when he wrote about Italy, called "Italia illustrata". He has some claim to be considered the founder, not merely of antiquarian studies, but also of of the study of modern history. He founded the chair of history at Oxford, and claimed that political and ecclesiastical history cannot be separated.
Mentioned as approving of Great Britain map in cartouche Ort17;
Ort112.10, 161.6, 191.15;
Brittania: 16.5k, 16.6, 16.14, 19.10b, 19.20, 22.32, 22.40, 192.18, 192.42, 192.51, 192.61, 192.77, 192.78, 194.30, 196.39, 196.64, 196.67, 196.105;
Scotland (probably a part of the work mentioned above): Ort19.32, 19.37, 19.45a, 19.45f, 19.45k
Camerarius, Ioachimus the elder (1500-1574) was a humanist and philologist at the university of Leipzig, Germany. He is often confused with his son and namesake.
Camerarius, Ioachimus the younger (1534-1598) from Nurnberg, Germany was a physician and scholar who corresponded with Mercator and Ortelius between 1577 and 1597 (see Hessels, letters 70, 160, 169 & 304). He wrote "Symbola et Emblemata" (Nurnberg, 1590-1604), translated Symphosius into Greek (1540) and wrote "De Philippi Melanchtonis ortu, totius vitæ curriculo et Morte" (Leipzig, 1592). He also wrote Letters to Ortelius (Ort194). The Itala Græcia maior map (Ort210) is dedicated to him.
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Itala Græcia maior map as the person to whom Ortelius dedicates this ma, Ort210.
Letters to Ortelius: Ort194.32.
Camers, Johannes (1468-1546) was born in Amerino, Italy. He was professor in Vienna from 1499, and published works by Claudianus Claudius in Vienna 1510, by Dionysius Apher in Vienna 1512, and Florus’ "Annotationum in Lucium Florum Libellus" in Vienna, 1511. He published and commented on Mela’s "De Situ Orbis". Also: Plinius’ "Historiæ Naturalis", Vienna 1514. Also Solinus as "G.J. Solinus, cum enarrationibus et indice Cameris" (Ort1,2,3), Vienna 1520.
Commentaries on Solinus: Ort1.32, 2.32, 3.35.
Campanus, also Johannes Goia (abt. 1300) was an Italian from Navara, Chaplain to Pope Urbanus IV, who is supposed to have invented the compass.
Ort12.22
Campanus, Joannes (15th century) was a learned bishop at the Italian court who wrote "Historia belli Ducis Braccii sive Brachii Perusini, ab anno 1368-1424", also a biography of Æneas Sylvius as also "De Thrasymeni lacus præstantia" <= On lake Perugia> (Ort130,136).
Lake of Perugia: Ort130.13, 136.2, 136.5, 136.9.
Campensis, Albert (15th-16th century) of Italy wrote "Lettera intorno le cose di Mascovia", included in Ramusio’s Volume 2, Rome 1543.
Ort162.8.
Campo, Florian del see Ocampo, Florian d’.
Campus, Antonius (1525-1587) from Cremona, Italy worked as a sculptor and painted church windows. Ortelius may have met him on his third journey to Italy (1577-1578). He wrote about the antiquities of Milan (Ort127), but also about his native city Cremona in "Cremona fedelissima citta t nobilissima colonia de Romani rappresentata in disegno con suo contado" (Cremona, 1585) which contains a map of Cremona that Ortelius used in his Theatrum (Ort127).
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Cremona map as its maker, Ort127; further in the map text:
On the antiquities of Milan: Ort127.5.
Candidus, Joannes (16th century) was an Italian lawyer who wrote "Commentariorum Aquileiensium libri VIII" (Ort119,129), Venice 1521.
History of Aquileya: Ort119.11, 129.14c.
Capella, Martianus see Martianus Capella.
Capitolinus, Iulius (fourth century A.D) wrote together with other historians "De Historia Augusta", consisting of biographies of Roman Emperors, including "Clodius Albinus" (Ort80), "Macrinus" (Ort218), and "Perlinax" (Ort211,218).
Ort80.28, 199.24, 200.24, 232.10;
Life of Clodius Albinus: Ort80.12;
Macrinus: Ort218.27.
Life of Perlinax the Emperor: Ort211.14, 218.26.
Capreolus (died in 1519) from Brescia, Italy wrote a chronicle about his native city: "Chronica de rebus Brixianorum ad Senatum populumque Brixianum opus" (Ort123), Brescia 1585.
History of Brescia Bk.1-12: Ort123.2, 123.10, 123.13.
Caraffa, Giovanni Battista (16th century) from Naples, Italy, wrote a history of Naples: "Dell’ historia del Regno di Napoli" 1572.
Ort139.10.
Cardanus, Hieronymus (1501-1576) from Italy was the author of many scientific words, such as "Ars magna" (Nurnberg 1545) on algebra, "De subtilitate rerum" (1550) and a very remarkable autobiography "De propria vita liber", a true masterpiece completed at the end of his life. Cardanus follows Suetonius as his model, which means that he does not offer a systematic chronological survey of his life, but short chapters on various aspects of his life and work, such as chapter 37 on his famous dream of about 1534.
Ort19.21.
Carolus Clusius see Clusius, Carolus.
Carolus of Malines see Malines, Carolus of.
Cartier, Iacobus (16th century) was a French sea explorer who provided material to Gastaldi for his China map.
Ort9.46, 10.46, 11.49.
Carvajal Mármol Luis see Mármol Carvajal Luis de.
Casas, Bartholomæus de las (1474-1566) was a Spaniard appointed as a bishop in Chiapa, Mexico. He wrote "Brevissima relacion de la destruccion de las Indas" <a short history of the destruction of the Indies> (Ort15), Sevilla, Spain 1552, as also "Tyrannies et cruantez des Espangols perpetréez aux Indes occidentales" Antwerp 1579, possibly a translation of the first work. He complained bitterly about the Spanish atrocities in America.
The Destruction of the Indies: Ort15.16.
Casaubonus see Causabonus.
Caspar Peucer see Peucer, Caspar
Casparo Balbi see Balbi Casparo.
Cassiodorus, Flavius Magnus Aurelius (490-583) was a Christian Roman statesman and writer. He was consul and pursued a public career until the 540s. He then retired to his estates to devote himself to scholarship and the Christian life as a monk in the monastery he founded at Vivarum in Calabria. He published twelve books of "Variarum Epistulæ" (Ort121,122,210), including a letter to Anastasius" (Ort121,122,129,140,143,196,199,200,203,206,207,208,210,224), and to"Gaudiosus" (Ort129), as also "Institutiones", a guide for the religious and secular education of monks, including how to copy manuscripts.
Ort3.20, 199.36, 200.36, 209.13, 209.15-18, 214.25;
Epistles: Ort121.4, 122.4, Bk.8, last Epistle: Ort210.15;
Variarum: Ort140.19, 196.49; Bk.2 Ch.35-36: Ort129.4, Bk.3 Ch.50: Ort199.33, 200.33, dedicated to Symeon: Ort203.32, Bk.7 Sect.15: Ort207.9, 208.9, Bk.7 Ch.37: Ort196.16, Bk.12: Ort121.8, 122.8, 143.16, 199.31, 200.31, 203.43, 211.2, 224.28, Bk.12 Sect.24: Ort206.10;
Variæ to Gaudiosus Bk.2: Ort129.14.
Cassius Dio see Dion, Cassius.
Castanheda Lopez de, Ferdinand see Lopez de Castanheda.
Castiglioni, Bonaventura (1480-1555) from Milan, Italy wrote "De Gallorum Insubrum antiquis sedibus" (Ort125), of which only the first volume was published by the printer Antonio Castiglioni in 1541.
Treatise on the Insubres: Ort125.7.
Castillion see Castiglioni.
Castro, Fernandez de, and Andrade (?), Count of Lemnos, of Villalva and Andrade, Arques de Sarria etc.
Mentioned as the person to whom the Galizia map is dedicated in the cartouche of map Ort32.
Cato, Marcus Portius (234-149 B.C.) was a Roman statesman with very pronounced opinions, particularly the necessity for Rome to destroy Carthago. He wrote "Origines" (Ort130,206,207,208) and is quoted by Cicero (Ort211).
Ort23.8, 117.33, 118.33, 193.53, 204.4, 205.4;
Origines: Ort130.13, 206.5, 207.2, 207.4, 208.2, 208.4;
Quoted by Cicero: Ort211.5;
Quoted by Annius: 131.25.
Catullus, Gaius Valerius the Poet (87-54 B.C.) wrote "Argonautics (Ort231), something which has now been challenged by classical scholars, and "Carmina". He was commented on by Ianus Dousa (Ort222).
Ort123.11, 123.13, 123.15, 193.18, 193.54, 213.8, 226.97 231.23;
Argonautics: Ort231.5, 231.14;
Commented on by Ianus Dousa: Ort222.33.
Causabonus, Isacus (1559-1614) "the learned and industrious" from Geneva was a philologist who also wrote about satires in his "De satyrica Græcorum poesi et Romanorum satira libri II" (Paris, 1605). He translated Polybius and commented on Straboes "Geography" (Ort196,209) and Cæsar (Ort196) and quotes Dion Prusæus (Ort212).
Ort193.52;
Commenting on Strabo: Ort196.79, 209.24;
Commenting on Cæsar: Ort196.37;
Quoting Dion Pruseus: Ort212.16.
Cavitellio, Ludovicus (died in 1586) was an abbot at Cremona, Italy who published "Annales Cremonenses", printed by his nephew Cæsar Cavitellio in 1588, and also a History of Milan (Ort127).
History of Milan: Ort127.5.
Cedrenus, George (11th century A.D.) wrote "History of Theodosius the Great" (Ort214) as part of his "Annales seu Chronicon", relating lives of Roman Emperors.
Ort224.18, 224.24, 224.25, 232.15, 232.24, 232.33;
History of Theodosius the Great: Ort214.34.
Cella, Christopher & Ancelmus see Zell, Christoph.
Ort4.6, 5.7.
Celsus, Aulus (early first century A.D.) was a Roman encyclopedist about whom little is known. Of his encyclopedia "Artes" 8 books dealing with medicine survive. These survey the whole field of medicine then known in Rome, including diets, diseases, pharmaceuticals and surgery. It was rediscovered in the 15th century and became very popular because of its simple but elegant style.
Ort196.91, 203.28, 217.4.
Celtis, Conradus Peutingerius (1459-1508) of Nurnberg wrote "Septenaria sodalitas litteraria Germaniæ" published in Vienna in 1500. It is a celebration of German literary brotherhood in which he lets seven poets speak from the banks of the rivers Danube, Vistula, Oder, Elbe, Drave, Rhine and Neckar. He initiated German classical and historical scholarship, and established a number of learned societies on the model of Italian academies. He discovered in a monastery a poem called "Ligurinus sive de gestis Frederici I libri X", a description of the battles which Frederick Barbarossa fought with the Milan people whom he calls Ligures, written by Guntherus Ligurinus. Celtis gave it to K. Peutinger who published it in 1507. In 1531 an edition appeared by J. Spiegel in Strassbourg. In 1569 a new edition was published by Otto von Freising in Basel, Switzerland which also included a biography of Friedrich I. He also published "Protucii primi inter Germanos Imperatoris manibus Poete laureati IV libri Amorum, Nurnberg 1502. Ortelius calls him Poet Laureate (Ort99), .
Ort56.7, 57.8, 112.6, 194.32, 194.33, 227.4, 227.6, 227.11;
On Nurnberg: Ort99.21.
Cepha, Moses Bar (died in 950) was an Armenian theologian translated by Masius (Ort178,179).
Translated by Masius: Ort178.8, 179.8.
Chalcocondylas, Laonicus (abt. 1423-abt. 1490) of Athens, Greece was a Byzantine historian who wrote about the Turks in "Apodeikseis Historioon" or Pedigree of the Ottomans" (Ort168,169), which was translated into German by Konrad Clauser and published in Basel, 1556. Its contents have been included in the Chronology of David Chytræus (Ort155). Title of his book: "Liber Notitiarum" <= Book of Remembrances> (Ort112, 144,145,190, 196,203,210) but see also Comes.
Ort48.4f, 163.9;
Bk.1: Ort25.9, Bk.5: Ort125.10, 153.8, Bk.10: Ort147.18.
Ort16.5b-16.5k, 56.9, 57.10, 125.8, 174.3, 174.4, 215.9, Bk.1 & 3: Ort155.16, Bk.2: Ort34.9, 36.21, 155.17, Bk.6: Ort130.13;
Pedigree of the Ottomans: Ort168.9, 169.8;
Liber Notitiarum: Ort48.4f, 112.8, 190.33, mentioned twice on mapsheet Ort191, 196.5, 203.5, 210.14, 220 (on mapsheet) 232.7, Bk.10: Ort144.15, 145.13;
Chalcondylas see Chalcocondylas.
Chalcondyles see Chalcocondylas.
Champier, (also Symphorian or Symphorianus) (1472-1533) of Lorraine and his son Claudius were productive authors whose works contain much geographical information. Father Symphorian, who was a physician, wrote "Recueil ou chronique des histoires du Royaume d’Austrasia ou France orientale , dite à présent de Lorraine" Lyon, France 1505, "Les grands Chroniques des princes de Savoie et de Piedmont, ensemble les généalogie et antiquités de Gaule", Paris 1516, "Traité de l’anciennité et noblesse de l’antique cité de Lyon et de la rébellion du populaire de ladite ville contre les conseillers de la cité et notables marchands, à cause de bleds" 1529, also translated into Latin under the anagram "Pierchamp", and "Campus Elysius Galliæ amœnitate refertus, in quo quicquid apud Indos, Arabas et Pœnos reperitur apud Gallos reperiri demonstratur", Lyon 1533. Claudius, the son, wrote "Traité des fleuves et fontaines admirables des Gaules" (Ort34,36), Paris 1560, Lyon 1573, by Ortelius wrongly attributed to the father. Claudius also wrote "Singularitez des Gaules" Paris 1538, "Catalogue des villes et cités assises ès trois Gaules" (Ort34,36), and "Traité des lieux saints des Gaules, où Notre-Seigneur, par l’intercession des saints, fait plusieurs miracles" Lyon 1556.
Ort50.2, 50.11
Rivers and Waters of France: Ort34.9, 36.21;
The First French Towns: Ort34.9, 36.21.
Charisius Flavius see Sosipater.
Chassanæus see Chasseneux.
Chasseneux, Bartholm (1480-1501) wrote "Catalogus gloriæ mundi" (Ort34,36), Lyon 1529, Frankfurt 1579. Also "Commentaria in consuetudines ducatus Burgundiæ principaliter et totius fere Galliæ consecutive" Lyon 1517.
De Gloria Mundi Bk.12: Ort34.8, 36.20.
Checus, Ioannes (16th century) wrote "De pronuntiatione Græcæ …", Basel, 1555 and "De bellico apparatu liber e Græco in Latinum conversus Leo Imperium Byzantinum " (Basel, 1554), (Ort203).
Ort203.39.
Chiaves Hieronymus (1523-1574) from Sevilla, Spain, was the son of cartographer Alonso de Ch(i)aves. Hieronymus went to Portugal and published a work on astrology in 1543, and also one on cartography, called "De Sphera Mundo", published in Sevilla. Ortelius’ "Catalogus" mentions a manuscript map of America by him, which has been lost. Ortelius used Chiaves’ manuscript map of Andalusia (Ort28). Chiaves provided Ortelius with data for his Florida map (Ort15) on the basis of an expedition to that area by Hernando de Soto, made from 1539 to 1542.
Mentioned as author of the Florida map in cartouche Ort15.
Mentioned in cartouche as the maker of the Hispalensis map Ort28.
Christoforus Longolii, (early 16th century) was the publisher of the Antonini Augusti Itinerarum, Paris, 1512.
Christosomus Zanchi see Chrystosomus.
Christoval Juan see Calvetus.
Chrystosomus, see Chrystostomus.
Chrystostomus, Ioannes, Saint of Naples (345-407) came from Antiochia. He wrote sermons,. See also below.
Ort232.12, 232.15, 232.17, 232.33;
Chrystostomus (15th century) (but see previous item) from Bergano, Italy, was an Augustine monk. He wrote "Sermo de Penitentia" published in 1483, and "De Orobiorum Cenomanorum origine libri III" (Ort123) which is of little significance since it is mainly based on Annius’ falsifications, and since he tries to derive Italian words from Hebrew. He also wrote a letter to Count Nugarolo (Ort79)
Origins of the Orobij and Cenomanes: Ort123.10.
Letter to Count Nugarolo: Ort79.21;
Chytræus, David (1531-1600) has continued "Saxonia" (Ort58,85,87,90,91,92,97,144,145,155,157,158,159,160,161,162,163) begun by Krantz. He also published a description of Kraichgau, Germany, and a "Chronology" containing work by Chalcondylas, translated into Latin by Konrad Clauser.
Ort93.4, 114.4;
Saxon history: Ort58.7, 85.13, 87.9, 90.12, 91.8, 92.18, 97.19, 144.15, 145.13, 155.16, 157.18, 158.8, 158.17, 159.6, 160.18, 161.29, 162.8, 163.9.
Chytræus, Nathan (died 1598) was a brother of David. In 1565 he travelled through Italy, France, England and Poland resulting in "N. Chytræi variorum in Europa itinerum deliciæ", published in Rostock 1579, and Bremen 1594 & 1599. He also wrote a collection of travel tales in hexameter verse: "Hodœporica, sive itinera a diversis clarissimis doctissimisque viris, tum veteribus tum recentioribus, carmine conscripta", published in Frankfurt in 1575. See also above.
Ciaccones, F. Alphonsus (16th century) wrote "Vitæ et res gestæ Pontificum Romanorum (Ort212) and is reported on by Philippus van Winghe in a letter to Ortelius (Hessels 170.46).
Ort212.8.
Cicero, Marcus Tullius "the Orator" (106-43 B.C) wrote "Orations", as edited by Carbone, and Giorgio Merula (Ort141,186,196,210,211,214,215), "Offices" (Ort19), "Scipio’s Dream (Ort221), "Letter to Trebatius" (Ort190, 192), "De Provincijs Consularibus" (Ort196), "Nature of Gods" (Ort220,221), "Book of Laws" (Ort224) and "Oration to Vatinius" (Ort203). He quotes Marcus Cato (Ort211).
Quote from Tusculan Disputationes 4.37 in cartouche Ort1
Quote from Tusculan Disputations 4.37 in cartouche Ort2
Quote from Tusculan Disputations 4.37 in cartouche Ort3
Quote from Republica 6.15 in cartouche Ort3
Quote from Natura Deorum 2.37 in cartouche Ort3
Ort193.12, 196.49, 207.14, 208.14, 209.16, 209.20, 209.30, 211.7, 217.26, 217.27, 218.9, 228.8;Orations Bk.2: Ort210.11,
Oration nr.2 against Verres: Ort211.5, 211.12;
Oration for Marcus Fonteius: Ort196.8, 196.99;
Oration for Flaccus: Ort215.3;
Offices Bk. 2: Ort19.22;
De Provincijs consularibus: Ort196.13, 196.58;
Scipio's Dream: Ort221.5;
Nature of Gods Bk.3: Ort220.3, 221.35;
Book of Laws: Ort224.5;
Orations, as given against Verris: Ort141.6, 186.6, Verres 216.36;
Letter to Trebatius: Ort190.7, 190.42, 192.16;
To Vatinius: Ort203.34;
Quoting Marcus Cato: Ort211.5.
Cieca, Pedro de Léon (1519-1560) was the first historian to write a history on Peru which he had visited: "La primera parte de la Crònica del Peru", Sevilla, Spain 1553. It was translated into Italian as "Chronica del grandissimo regno del Peru" Rome 1555, and perhaps expanded as "Istorie del Peru, dove si tratta l’ordine delle province, della citte, i riti et costumi degli Indiani Agiuntovi in dissegno tutte le India" Venice 1557.
Ort10.29, 11.32, 15.14, 15.19.
Cilicius Cimbrus Christian (16th century) wrote "Historia belli Dithmarsici" Basel 1570, Strassbourg 1574, Frankfurt 1575
Cimbrus Cilicius see Cilicius Cimbrus.
Ciofanus, Hercules (14th century) was a humanist and scholar on Ovidius.
Ort213.13.
Citolinus, Alexander (16th century) was an Italian poet who had to flee from Italy because of his being a supporter of Luther. His main work is "Typocosmia" (Ort1).
Typocosmia or Pattern of the World (in Italian) Ort1.43, 2.43, 3.46.
Clarenceux (16th century) was a title of honour meaning King of Arms, Herald with jurisdiction. It was bestowed on William Camden.
Ort19.45-l.
Claudianus Claudius "the Christian poet" (died 404) from Alexandria, Egypt, was the last of the Roman poets in the classical tradition. He wrote at the court of the young Emperor Honorius whose work he celebrated in his poems. Claudianus was a poet of Latin and Greek verses such as "De Bello Gildonico" (Ort217), "Panegyris Serenæ Reginæ"(Ort192,203), (Ortelius calls this "De laude serenæ" (Ort25), published in Italian in Venice 1470, Vicenza 1482, Parma 1493, as also by Camers in Vienna 1510, and by Pulmann in Antwerp, Belgium 1572). Also "Metamorphosis (Ort192), "In Praise of Stilicon" (Ort199,200,203), "Wars of the Goths" (Ort231) and "Panegyricks" (Ort192,196,203).
Ort30.3, 121.3, 122.3, 190.33,192.7, 192.24, 192.25, 192.42, 196.11, 196.41, 196.52, 199.40, 200.40, 206.7, 209.13, 209.16, 209.19, 212.11, 212.20, 213.3, 217.15, 221.15, 226.98, 231.22, 231.23, 232.21;
De Bello Gildonico: Ort217.14;
De Laude Serenæ: Ort25.8, Ort203.22;
Metamorphosis Bk.15: Ort192.24;
In Praise of Stilicon, Bk.1: Ort199.62, 200.62;
Wars of the Goths: Ort231.21;
2nd Panegyric to Stilico: Ort203.24;
Panegyricus: Ort192.24;
Fourth Panegyrick on the consulship of Honorius: Ort196.61.
Claudius Champierus Lugdunensis see Champier, Symphorian.
Claudius Claudianus, see Claudianus Claudius.
Claudius Marius Aretius see Aretius Claudius Marius.
Claudius Senensis Ptolemæus or Tolomei (16th century) wrote Epistles to Gabriel Cæsano (Ort137), (Venice, 1547).
Epistles to Gabriel Cæsano Bk.6: Ort137.12.
Clauserus, Konrad (16th century) published works by Chalcondylas on the Turks in Basel, 1556.
Ort56.10, 57.10.
Clemens, Saint Alexandrinus (c. 150-215 A.D.) was converted to Christianity at an early age. He was born in Athens, moved to Alexandria and fled the persecution of Christians there. He was a founder of the first school of theology in Alexandria. He wrote "Paidagogos" giving guidelines to converted Christians, further "Stromateis" (Ort190, 192,203,214,221,222), literally meaning "Tapestry" on a variety of subjects, trying to provide a scientific basis for religion, and "Recognitium" <= Recognitions> (Ort192,196,199,200,221), which are now considered to be "Pseudo-Clementina", not written by Clemens. He quotes Plutarchus (Ort199,200).
Ort220.2, 220.9, 221.33, 221.43, 222.18, 222.40;
Bk.1: Ort203.25, Bk.6: Ort190.10, 190.45, 192.19, 221.45, Bk.7: Ort214.15;
Recognitions: Ort199.52, 200.52, Bk.5, Ort221.42, Bk.9: Ort190.16, 190.53, 192.29, 196.40, 196.49, 196.77, 196.99, 199.55, 200.55, 232.24;
Quoting Plutarchus: Ort199.60, 200.60.
Cleomenes (born about 260 B.C.) was the third King of Sparta from 235-219. He attempted to restore Spartan power by rehabilitating Lycurgus’ constitution, including redistribution of land. The reforms were partly carried out but in 222 Cleomenes was defeated at Sellasia by the Achæans and fled to Egypt.
Ort186.9.
Cleon (died 422 B.C.) was a prominent Greek politician during the first part of the Peloponnesian war.
Ort226.2.
Clur, Ioannes (?) was a citizen of Gdansk to whom the Prussia (Ort 88b) map was dedicated.
Clur is the person whose name appears in the dedication contained in the cartouche of the half sheet map of Prussia Ort88b
Clusius, Carolus (1526-1609) of Arras, France (Ort49) was a famous botanist who wrote "Rariorum plantarum historia" describing rare plants in countries Clusius visited such as Spain, Italy and Hungary, and has extensive notes on tulips. His map of Spain was designed in co-operation with Ortelius.
Ort48.8, 49.3, 49.13.
Coccio, Marcantonio see Sabellicus.
Cochlæus (early 16th century) published Aristotle’s Metereology and commented on it, Nurnberg, 1512.
Codex of Books see Giustiniani.
Codinus, George (end 15th century) was a Byzantine author who wrote "Patria" about Constantinople, as also "De Officiis" about ceremonies and "Chronology" about Byzantine history.
Ort214.35
Cœnalis, Robert (died in 1560) was a bishop of Avranches, France, who wrote an adventurous "Historia Gallia" (Ort21, 34,36,37), Paris 1557, probably also referred to by Ortelius (Ort16,21,34,36,37,44,45) as "De re Gallica".
Ort16.5k, 16.14, 16.18, 37.5, 37.11, 37.12, 37.13, 37.15, 44.13, 46.2, 47.5, 48.4c, 48.4d, 49.5, 49.9, 49.21, 51.9, 52.10, 70.5, 71.5;
History of France: Ort34.8, 36.20, 37.16;
De re Gallica Bk.2: Ort21.8, 21.25e, Bk.3, Ch.2: Ort16.5, Bk.2, Ch.3: 44.2, 44.3, 44.6 45.2, 45.3, 45.6.
Cognatus Nozerenus (1505-1567) also Cousin, Hugo, of Nozeroy, France, was a servant of Erasmus, from whom he learned much. He wrote "Opera multifarii argumenti, lecta et incunda, et omnis generis professoribus, veluti grammaticis, oratoribus, poëtis, philosophis, medicis, iure consultis, ipsisque theologis apprime utilia" Basel 1562. He also wrote about Lucianus. Not not much is known about him as the author of the Burgundy map (Ort52) As Hugo Cousin, he is mentioned in the Catalogus Auctorum from 1584 onwards, and he probably supplied a manuscript map of Burgundy. Since he worked for Philip II, there may be political reasons behind the inclusion of this map, which is inferior to that of Lannoy, viz. plate Ort 51. (Meurer p. 131).
Mentioned in the cartouche of Burgundiæ Comitatus as the maker of this map Ort52;
Ort51.9, 51.10;
City Book: 52.10, 52.11.
Colius, Jacobus (1563-1628), was a nephew of Ortelius, but in fact almost an adopted son, who lived mostly in London and who inherited many of Ortelius’ possessions. Many letters were exchanged between these two, see Hessels.
Mentioned in the cartouche as the person to whom the Lac Leman map is dedicated, Ort55
Ort15.22.
Collenuthius, Pandulphus (16th century) wrote a History of Naples in 1539, which was published in Latin by Stupanus in 1572. He was strangled in prison at the command of Pope Alexander VI.
Ort139.10, 142.13.
Collimitius, Georgius (1482-1535) quotes Cuspinianus.
Quoting Cuspianus: Ort114.4.
Columbus, Christopher (late 15th century) discovered America.
Ort12.16.
Columella, Junius Moderatus (c. 36-c.65 A.D.) wrote a book "De re rustica" <= on farming> (Ort196,218) and cites Dionysius, Mago and Varro (Ort218).
Ort193.58, 193.59, 196.13, 199.36, 200.36, 218.6, 232.24;
On Farming Bk.1: Ort196.61, Bk.4 Ch.1: Ort218.8;
Citing Dionysius, Mago & Varro: Ort218.7.
Columna, Hieronymus (16th century) was an Italian who wrote "Commentaries" (Ort226) and about the Poet Ennius (Ort209), (Naples, 1590).
Commentaries: Ort226.98;
Writing about the Poet Ennius: Ort209.6.
Comes, Hermannus Nuenarius (16th century) wrote "Origines Francicae"(Ort100).
Ort100.4.
Comes, Marcellinus (died in 534) wrote "Chronicon quod rerum orientalium historiam Eusebii ex Hiernonymi usque ad Iustiniani tempora prosequitur", also known as "Liber Notitiarum" <= Book of Remembrances or Records> (Ort112,203,,212,214,221) but see also Chalcondylas, and "Miscellaneous Stories" (Ort212).
Ort213.10;
Liber Notitiarum <= The book of records> Ort112.8, 203.5, 212.6, 212.16, 214.3, 221.7;
Miscellaneous Stories: Ort212.6.
Comitibus, Nicolaus de (died in 1468) from Padua, Italy wrote "Opus astrologicum" and "Commentarii in Aristotelem".
Ort163.5.
Conestagio, Hieronymus (died in 1635) from Genoa was Archbishop of Capua, Italy. He wrote "Dell’ Unione del regno di Portogallo alla corona di Castiglia" Genoa 1585, translated into French by Nardin and published in Besançon in 1596, and in Latin Frankfurt 1602. It contains information on the Azores. Maybe Ortelius called this work "History" in the text on the Açores (Ort24).
History: Ort24.11
Constantinus of Lijskirchen (16th century), was Senior Councillor of the Cologne Republic.
Mentioned in the cartouche as the person to which the Deutschlandt map is dedicated, Ort53
Constantinus, Robert (?) wrote a "Supplement on the Latin Language" (Ort213).
Ort210.23;
Supplement on the Latin language: Ort213.20.
Contarenus, Ambrosius (1483-1542), bishop of Bellun, wrote "Persian Journeys" (Ort162).
Ort167.10;
Persian journies: Ort162.8.
Conti, Nicolo de (1395-1469) was a Venetian merchant and traveller from Chioggia. His information was used by Fra Mauro.
Ort163.14-15.
Coppo, Petro (?) designed a map of Histriæ which was used by Ortelius.
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Histriæ map as its maker, Ort143b.
Corio, Bernardino (1459-1519) from Milan, Italy wrote a history about this city (Ort125) with a Latin title, but further in Italian.
Ort132.12;
History of Milan: Ort125.8.
Corippus, Flavius Cresconius (sixth century A.D.) "glorious king of great Judah" wrote "De bellis Libycis" and "In praise of Emperor Justinus II".
Ort209.13, 209.16, 214.32.
Cornelis Antoniuszoon (1507-1557) made a map of Oostland.
Cornelis Anthoniuszoon is mentioned in the cartouche of the half sheet Denmark map as its maker, Ort86a
Cornelius, Aurelius (16th century) from Gouda, Holland, was a friend of Erasmus. He wrote "Marias", a long series of elegiac poems, a "History of Holland" (Ort79), and tried to establish the location of "Insula Batavorum".
History of Holland: Ort79.21.
Corsali or Corsalis, Andreas (16th century) was an explorer by sea in the service of King Emanuel of Portugal. He travelled to the Indies and China in 1516 and recorded this journey in "De navigatione maris rubri et sinus Persici". His "Navigatione in Conchin" was included in Ramusio as well as in Temporal’s "Recueil Tom. II" Lyon, France 1556. He is mentioned on the mapsheet of Ort166 in connection with New Guinea.
On mapsheet concerning New Guinea: Ort166;
In text: Ort164.21.
Cortesius, Ferdinand (16th century) a Spaniard who conquered Mexico wrote down his experiences in 4 books, published by Ramusio. "His treatise "De insulis noviter inventis" was included in "Novus Orbis" (Ort13) by Simon Grynæus. He also wrote "Navigationes" (Ort13).
Ort9.31, 10.31, 11.34;
Novus Orbis: Ort13.2;
Navigations: Ort13.9.
Corvinus, Laurentius, also Novof (1495-1527) from Neumark (Novoforensis) near Breslau, philologist and geographer, wrote "Geographia ostendens omnes regiones terræ habitabiles, diversa hominum genera" <geography showing all inhabitable regions and its various people>, Basel 1557 after the Geography of Dominicus Niger. He also wrote geographical poems such as "De Polonia et Cracovia" and "De Silesie et Novo foro".
Ort1.36, 2.36, 3.39, 102.13, 103.13, 174.5a.
Cousin see Cognatus Nozerenus.
Crantzius or Cranz or Kranz, Albertus (died in 1517) of Münster and Hamburg wrote "Saxonia" (Ort88,89,90,91,92,93,99) and "Metropolis" (Ort85,87,90), as well as a "Description of Wandalica" (Ort99,101,154,155,158,160,162).
Ort80.1, 80.42, 81.9, 84.5, 84.8, 85.6, 86.2, 86.6, 95.14, 100.6, 161.13, 161.17, 161.19, 161.29, 161.68-70, 161.75;
Chronicle of Saxony: Ort88.7, 89.7, 89.10, 89.15, 90.7, 91.8, 92.2, 93.3, 99.4, Bk.5 Ch.27: Ort92.11, 92.15, 92.17, 92.18;
Metropolis Bk.2, Ch. 13: Ort85.10, 85.11, Bk.3 Ch.13 & 25, Ort85.6, 90.9, 90.10, Bk.5, ch.27: 87.2, 87.6, 87.8, 87.9, 87.12, 87.17;
Wandalica: Ort99.4, 101.6, 101.22, 154.16, 155.16, 162.8, Bk.6: Ort158.8, 158.15. 160.17, 160.26-27.
Cratetes (4th century B.C.) from Thebe threw his riches into the sea in order not to let them corrupt him. He was commented on by Plutarchus.
Ort224.13.
Cratinus Comicus (5th century B.C.) from Greece wrote "De Ulyssibus", quoted by Athenæus (Ort224).
De Ulyssibus, quoted by Athenæus: Ort224.32.
Crato, Joannes (16th century) of Craftheim, Silesia, royal physician, was a friend of Ortelius who wrote on Silesia (Ort102). Next to that he also wrote letters to Ortelius providing him with placenames in German and Czech occuring in Moravia.
Ort102.2, 102.13; 103.13, 104.11;
Commentaries on Silesia: Ort102.2.
Cremonensis, Gerardus (late 15th-early 16th century) from Cremona is mentioned in dedication form on a woodcut map included in a treatise on astronomy by Appianus which was published in Nurnberg in 1534.
Ort19.10d, 175.6.
Criginger see Crigingerius.
Crigingerius, also Criginger, Kriegner, Krüger, Ioannes (1521-1571) from Bohemia studied in Wittemberg, Leipzig and Tübingen and became a teacher in Crimmitschau and Marienberg. He wrote tragedies, became a priest, and tried to establish links between theology and geography. He designed maps of Saxonia, Misnia et Thüringen (Ort93) in 1567, and made a map of Bohemia which was published in Prague (Ort101).
Map of Bohemia published in Prague: Ort93.22, 101.6, 101.10.
Crispinus, Lucius Quintius (second century B.C.) was a Roman praetor for Spain.
Ort193.53.
Cromer, Martin (1512-1589), was a Polish historian and theologian who became a leader of the Polish Counter-reformation, and who was appointed bishop of Ermeland in 1579. He also wrote two works about Poland: "Chronicon de origine et rebus gestis Polonorum", Basel 1555, Cologne 1589 (Ort88,101,152,153,154,155,156,157,158) and "Polonia sive de situ, populis moribus … Poloniæ", Basel 1608 and later.
Ort145.23, 154.4, 155.4;
Polish Matters and History: Ort154.16, 155.16, 156.2, 156.9, 157.2, 157.9, 157.23, 158.19, Bk.1: Ort101.6, 101.22, Bk.3: Ort88.12, Bk.12: Ort152.7, 153.8.
Ctesias (about 400 B.C.) from Knidos, Greece, was the physician of King Artaxerxes II. He wrote "Indica" and a Persian history called "Persica" in which he criticises Herodotus, although his own credibility is not much higher.
Ort217.5, 217.26.
Curæus or Curius, Joachim (1532-1573), a physicist of Glogau, wrote a Silesian Chronicle "Gentis Silesiæ annales", Wirtenberg 1571. He had access to unpublished work by Duglossus and reported on this work (Ort154,155).
Ort93.11, 102.14, 103.15, 158.7;
Quoting Iohannes Duglossus: Ort154.17, 155.17.
Curio, also Cælius Augustinus Secundus (1538-1567) published works by Bembo and wrote a Saracen history: "Saracenicæ historiæ libri tres, ab eorum origine ad initium imperii Ottomanici" (Ort163,167,177) Basel 1567, 1568, Frankfurt 1596. Also: Wars on Malta (Ort141) and "About the Kingdom of Morocco" (Ort176).
Saracen History: Ort163.8, 167.5, 177.13;
Wars on Malta: Ort141.12;
About the Kingdom of Marocco: Ort176.11.
Curtius Rufus Quintus (1st century) was a Roman historian who wrote a history on Alexander the Great called "Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedonis libri decem" of which the first two books have not survived.
Ort166.8, 193.6, 221.25, 222.3, 222.6, 222.8, 222.9, 222.12, 222.18, 222.20, 222.24, 222.33, 222.35, 222.38, 222.42, 224.45, 224.50, Bk.4: Ort222.24, 222.25, Bk.9: Ort222.39.
Cuspinianus, Johannes (1473-1529) published and commented on the works by Dionysius Apher, as also by Florus. He also wrote "Oratio Protreptica" (Ort150,153) and a description of Austria "Austria" (Ort116,150) published in 1553. He is quoted by Collimitus (Ort114).
Ort105.7, 106.7, 106.14, 112.9, 168.8, 169.8;
Oratio Protreptica: Ort150.13, 153.8.
History of Austria: Ort116.2, 150.13;
Quoted by Collimitius: Ort114.4;
Cyprianus, Thascius Cæcilius, Church Father and Saint (died in 258) wrote numerous works which much later were published collectively as "Opera". He was converted to Christianity as an adult in 246 and became Bishop of Carthago two years later. He survived the Decian persecutions of 250/251 by retreating from Carthago and ruling his flock by letter, but was beheaded in 258 during another round of persecutions of Christians for refusing to sacrifice to Roman gods.
Ort209.3.
Cyriacus Appianus Anconitanus (15th century) of Ancona, Italy travelled in Europe and parts of Africa and Asia and reported about his travels. He wrote "Epistolæ ad Ioannem Palæologum Byzantinum imperatorem et alios", probably referred to by Ortelius as "Inscriptions" (Ort31).
Inscriptions: Ort31.8, 31.9.
Cyriacus Spangeberg see Spangeberg, Cyriacus.
Cytinus, Chius (1324-1398) or Demetrios Kydones was a humanist and theologian who wrote about resistance against the Turks, as well as letters. He also translated theological writings. He is quoted by Apollonius (Ort192).
Quoted by Apollonius: Ort191.14, 192.77.