Lactantius see Cæcilius.
Laërtes see Diogenes Laërtius.
Laërtius, Diogenes see Diogenes Laërtius.
Laguna, Andreas Count (1499-1560) of Spain translated Aristotle’s "Peri Kosmou" into Latin and published it in Alcala in 1538. He wrote "Vita Galeni" Venice 1548 and "Libri octo ultimi ex Commentariis Geoponicis, seu de re rustica olim Constantino Cæsari adscriptis" Cologne 1543 and also seems to have published about Turkish matters.
Ort168.8, 169.8.
Laicksteen, Peter (?) is mentioned on the Terra Sancta map as its designer (Ort173)
La Marche, Olivier de la (1426-1502) came from Burgundy who first served the Duke of Burgundy and later Philips from Castilia. He wrote "Mémoires" Lyon 1561, 1562, Gent 1567. Ortelius refers to his "Chronicle" (Ort26).
Marca, Olivera 26.12;
Chronicle: Ort26.7.
Lambertus Hortentius see Hortensius Lambertus.
Lampridius see Lampridus.
Lampridus, Ælius (fourth century A.D.) is one of those possibly fictitious historians contributing to "De Historia Augusta" containing biographies of Roman emperors. He is quoted by Severus (Ort193,227).
Ort194.22, 196.49, 203.23, 218.20, 232.10;
Quoted by Severus: Ort193.37, 227.16-18.
Landinus, Christophorus (?)
Ort131.26.
Lannoyo, Ferdinando (16th century) or Ferdinand de Lannoy made a map of Burgundy in 1563 for which he obtained a privilege, but which was subsequently suppressed by the Spaniards for political reasons. Ortelius was familiar with this map as early as 1570 (Karrow 48/2.1, p. 332-333, Meurer p. 180).
Mentioned in the cartouche as the maker of the Burgundiæ Inferioris map, Ort51
Mentioned in the cartouche as the maker of the Burgundiæ Comitatus map, Ort53b
Laonicus see Chalcocondylas.
Latinus Pacatus see Pacatus Latinus.
Laurentius Ananiensis see Anania Lorenzo d’.
Laurentius Corvinus see Corvinus Laurentius.
Lazius, Wolfgang (1514-1565) from Austria was a physician with a pronounced interest in maps, who designed a large number of maps of Central and South-East Europe, used by Ortelius. He also wrote "Commentarii rerum Viennensium" (Ort105,106), "Roman Commonwealth" (Ort153) and "Commentaries on History of Greece" (Ort159,214,216). He quotes Strabo (Ort116) and Vrantz (Ort146).
Mentioned in the cartouche of the first and second Austriæ map as its maker, Ort105,106;
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Rhetiæ map as its maker, Ort116a;
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Goritæ map as its maker, Ort143a;
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Hungariæ map as its maker, Ort150;
Further in map texts:
Ort1.56, 2.56, 3.61, 95.3, 116.9, 143.5, 212.6;
Commentaries on Vienna: Ort105.6, 105.7, 106.6, 106.7;
Roman Commonwealth Bk.12, Ch.2, section 1: Ort153.8;
Commentaries on the History of Greece: Ort159.8, 214.38, 216.12;
Quoting Strabo: Ort116.8;
Quoting Antony Vrantz 146.14.
Leander Albertus see Albertus Leander.
Legionensis see Cieca.
Ort9.29.
Leland, John (1506-1552) from London was Court chaplain and travelled throughout Great Britain between 1535 and 1543 in order to write a history of England. This history was never written, but his important travel notes were published by Bale as "The Laboriouse Journey and Serche of John Leland", London 1549. He also wrote "Genethliacon" (Ort21).
Genethliacon: Ort21.11, 21.12, 21.25a, 21.25d.
Le Maire, Jean (1473-1548) from Bavai, Hannonia, Belgium, wrote "Illustrations de France" Paris 1512, and possibly "Illustrations de Gaule Belgique" Nantes, France 1509-1512. Further: "Généalogie des Turcs" and "Géographie de la Turquie, de la Grèce et des isles voisines".
Ort34.8, 36.20.
Le Marchant, Jacobus see Marchantius.
Lemnius Levinus (1505-1568) from Zierikzee, Zeeland, the Netherlands, wrote "De occultis naturæ miraculis lib. IV" (Ort78).
Ort78.16, 78.20;
De occultis naturæ miraculis: Ort78.2, 78.7.
Leo Africanus Ioannes (died about 1526) studied in Fez, Morocco, travelled throughout North Africa, crossed the Atlas mountain range, made journeys in the Middle East and was captured by pirates on the Mediterranean island Zerbi. He was brought to Pope Leo X in Rome, and showed his manuscript describing North Africa. The Pope took him into his service, he was converted to Christianity and assumed the name of his benefactor Leo. He later reverted to the Islam. He published his description of Africa in Arabic and Italian (Ort8,141,174,175), a work which was very influential. Ramusio also published it, and Marmolius used it for his own description of Africa. Ortelius probably knew Leo Africanus’ work through a Latin translation by Joannes Florianus of this work: "Joannis Leonis Africani De totius Africæ Descriptione Lib. IX" published in Antwerp 1556.
Ort174.5a, 174.6, 174.7, 174.8, 176.4, 176.10, 176.13-17, 177.2, 218.22, 218.23;
Bk.2: Ort177.10, 177.13, Bk.3: Ort177.21;
Africa: Ort8.11, 8.15, Bk.4: Ort141.17, Bk.8: Ort174.10, 174.13, Bk.9: Ort175.17.
Leo, Sibrandus (1530-1588) from Leeuwarden, Friesland, the Netherlands made a manuscript map of Friesland which he sent to Ortelius and which was used.
Mentioned in the cartouche of the West Friesland map as its maker, Ort81
Leo the First (5th century A.D.) of Thracia was Eastern Emperor from 457-474. He wrote "De Bellico Apparatus" <=War preparations> (Ort169,196,203).
Ort196.52;
De Bellico Apparatus Ch.18: Ort169.9, 203.39-43, Bk.18 Ch.88: 196.58, 196.72.
Leodius, Hubertus see Hubertus Leodius.
Leon, Æscius Eduardus Frisius (?).
Ort81.9.
Léon Cieza Pedro de see Cieza Pedro de Léon.
Leonclaw see Leunclauius.
Leonicenus see Leonicus.
Leonicus, Nicolaus (1428-1524) (Ort141) wrote "Libellus de Epidemia quam vulgo morbum Gallicum vocant", published in Venice in 1497. It is the first scholarly treatise on syphilis. Niccolò Leonico, eminent Hellenist and professor of medicine at Ferrara, was one of the editors of the Aldine Aristotle and a personal friend of Aldus. He translated Galenus and Hippocrates and wrote several influential treatises criticising the Latin and Arabic transmissions of the Greek medical authorities. Most controversial was his 1492 tract "On the errors of Plinius" which provoked a heated debate and earned him fame as the first to apply humanist textual techniques to a specialist subject. In his treatise on syphilis, which had broken out in 1495 during the French siege of Naples, Leoniceno tried to show that the disease had existed previously in the remote past. He also wrote comments on Lucanus, published in Venice in 1475.
Ort141.8.
Leopardus (?) "the Interpreter".
Ort196.40.
Lesbius, Marsylus (?).
Ort207.15, 208.15.
Leslie, John (1527-1596) from Scotland was a leading Catholic in the time of Maria Stuart and later a bishop. He wrote a history of Scotland "De origine, moribus et rebus gestis Scotorum a primordio gentis ad annum 1562" which relied heavily on Boëthius, but with an original geographical description by way of introduction, called "Regionum et insularum Scotiæ descriptio".
Ort18.15.
Lessabæus Iacobus (died in 1557) from Hannonia, Belgium wrote "De Hannoniæ urbibus, locis nominatioribus ac cœnobiis chronicon universale" (Ort69), and "Commentaries" (Ort65).
Ort70.2, 70.10, 71.2, 71.10;
Treatise on Hannonia: 69.2, 69.10;
Commentaries: Ort65.14.
Leunclauius, Johann, "the learned" (1533-1592 or later) from Westfalia extensively travelled the Orient and wrote various works about Turkish history, as "Hansen Löwenclaus Neue Chronika türkischer Nation" (Ort169) which appeared in Frankfurt, Germany in 1590. His letters to Joachim Camerarius the young contain geographical information. He criticized Minadous’ "Historia della Guerra fra Turchi e Persiani".
Ort154.5, 155.5, 158.2, 158.6, 158.7, 213.11, 214.7, 215.9, 217.28, 224.2, 224.3;
Annals of the Sultan of the Ottomans: Ort169.9.
Levinus Apollonius see Apollonius Levinus.
Levinus Lemnius see Lemnius Levinus.
Lewenclaw see Leunclauius.
Lhuyd, Humfred (1527-1568) from Denbigh, Wales, was described by Camden as the most prominent scientist of his time. He was a physician with strong interests in archaeology and geography and drew a map of England used by Ortelius (see Hessels nr. 27). He wrote "Commentarioli Britannicæ desciptionis fragmentum" (Ort17,20), Cologne, Germany 1572, the treatise "De Mona Druidum" which was appended to all editions of Ortelius’ Theatrum, and a "Chronicle on Wales", London 1584.
Mentioned as author in cartouche of England map Ort19
Mentioned as the maker of Wales map in cartouche Ort21
Ort16.3, 16.18, 16.20, 18.2, 19.59, 21.22, 21.25a, 190.58, 192.34, 192.66;England: Ort17.11, 20.15;
De Mona Druidum: 21.2, 21.7, 21.11.
Libanius Sophista (314-393 A.D.) from Antiochia wrote countless orations and letters, including "Life of Demosthenes" (Ort216) and "Oration" referred to by Julianus (Ort232). He is also addressed by Julianus (Ort231). Although himself a heathen, Libanius counted under his pupils Chrystostomus and Gregory of Nazianus.
Ort3.19;
Life of Demosthenes: Ort216.12;
Oration referred to by Iulianus: Ort232.27;
Addressed by Iulianus: Ort231.27.
Liberalis Antonius see Antonius Liberalis.
Lieven van der Maude see Ammonius.
Ligorius, Pyrrhus (abt. 1510-1583) from Italy was a painter of frescos and an architect. Ortelius visited him in Ferrara in 1572. He is called the maker of the Regni Neapolitani map (Ort139). He is quoted by Iulius Iacobonius (Ort196).
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Neapolitani map as its maker, Ort139. Further in map texts:
Ort129.17;
Quoted by Iulius Iacobonius: Ort196.117.
Ligurinus Guntherus see Guntherus Ligurinis.
Lilio, Zacharias see Lilius, Zacharias.
Lilius, George (1528-1559) was a Canon at St. Paul’s Cathedral, London who wrote "Chronicon Anglicorum Regum" Venice, Italy 1548, as also "Nova et antique Locorum nomina in Anglia et in Scotia".
Ort16.5k, 16.18.
Lilius, Gregorius see Lilius, George.
Lilius, Zacharias Vicentus (15th century) from Vicenza, Italy wrote "Breviarum orbis" (Ort2,122) which was published in Florence in 1493.
Ort1.41, 3.44, 210.26;
Breviary about the world: Ort2.41, 122.14, 122.16.
Limprand of Cremona (abt. 920-972) wrote "Antaposodeos", dealing with the history of Germany, Italy and Byzantium.
Ort67.10
Linschoten, Johannes Huighen van (1563-1610) from Haarlem, Holland, was a Dutch sea explorer who went to Sevilla in 1579 and to Lisbon in 1593. He travelled to Goa where he remained until 1589. He wrote "Navigatio ac itinerarium …in orientem sive lusitanorum indiam" a diary of his experiences on explorations in the East and West Indies, as well as Northern regions (Ort 24).
Journal Ch.97: Ort24.10, 24.11.
Lipsius, Justus (1547-1606) published and commented on Tacitus’ "Germania". He also commented on Velleius Paterculus’ "Historia Romana", Leiden, the Netherlands 1591. Quoted by Smetius (Ort206).
Ort56.8, 57.9, 199.5, 199.67, 200.5, 200.67, 203.2, 222.44;
Quoted by Smetius: Ort206.20.
Livius, Titus (59 B.C.-17 A.D.), "a man of singular judgment", was a prominent Roman historian who wrote a history of Rome: "Ab Urbe condita" <= since the foundation of Rome>. (Ort8, 142,217), also called "Historiæ Romanæ Decades" (Ort159,206), first published in Venice in 1470. Livius’ "History of Rome" from its origin to 9 B.C. originally consisted of 142 books which copiists soon divided up into "Decades" or "Decads" of 10 books each. The whole survived until the end of the Roman period, but only 35 books were available to readers in the Middle Ages and thereafter (Ort159,206). Livius quotes Isogonus (Ort203) and is quoted by Sanutus (Ort8). He also wrote an "Epitome" about which Ortelius complains that he cannot acquire it for his library (Ort199,200).
Ort19.10d, 19.20, 29.2, 30.2, 31.29, 123.3, 123.7, 123.8, 127.2, 132.11, 136.4, 142.3, 142.19, 190.2, 190.35, 192.9, 193.2, 193.14, 193.23, 193.38, 193.50, 193.52, 196.38, 196.40, 196.42, 196.49, 196.50, 196.53, 196.65-67, 169.70, 196.71, 196.99, 196.116, 197.2, 198.2, 203.22, 207.2, 207.5, 207.9, 207.11, 207.12, 208.2, 208.5, 208.9, 208.11, 208.12, 209.14, 209.18, 209.30, 210.9, 210.11, 214.10, 214.14, 217.5, 217.23, 218.5, 218.14, 222.4, 222.38, 223.2, 223.8, 223.9, 224.32, 224.42, 231.4-6;
Bk.1: Ort207.3, 208.3, Bk.12: Ort49.18; Bk.21: Ort48.4h, 49.7, Bk. 37 & 38: Ort216.38, Bk.39: Ort132.4, Bk.40: Ort217.19, Bk.45: Ort203.21, 222.5, 224.54;
Decades Bk.1: Ort159.8, Bk.28: Ort206.3, Bk.45: Ort206.3;
Mentioning Isogonus: Ort203.23;
Quoted by Sanutus: Ort8.15;
Epitome Bk.104: Ort199.64, 200.65 which is not in Ortelius' library.
Livius Saputus see Saputus, Livius.
Longolii, Christoforus, see Christoforus Longolii.
Lombardus Francesco (16th century) from Naples, Italy wrote "Synopsis eorum, quæ balneis aliisque miraculis Puteolanis scripta sunt" which was published in Venice.
Ort142.11.
Lopez de Castagnedo see Lopez de Castanheda.
Lopez de Castanheda, Ferdinand (16th century) from Portugal wrote "Historia de descobrimento e conquista da India per los Portogueses" (Ort166), Coimbra Portugal 1552, Antwerp (first book only) 1554.
Ort164.22;
Discourse on the Indies: Ort166.8.
Lopez de Gomara, Franciscus (16th century) from Sevilla, Spain, wrote a history and ethnographic report on the West Indies "Hispania victrix, Historia general de las Indias", Saragossa 1552, which was translated into Italian by Maurus Lucius who published it in Venice in 1566.
Ort9.44, 10.44.
Lopez, Duarte (16th century) was a Portuguese explorer who lived in Loanda until 1587 and published about Africa. On the basis of his reports, Philippe Pigafetta wrote "Relatione del reame di Congo" Rome 1591.
Ort177.24.
Lopez, Odoardo see Lopez, Duarte.
Lorenzo d’Anania see Anania Lorenzo d’.
Loriti of Glarus see Glareanus.
Lossius, Lukas (1503-1582) was director of a grammar school in Lüneburg, Germany and wrote about this city and area "Luneburga Saxoniæ" (Ort99) which was published in Frankfurt in 1566.
Treatise on Luneburg: 99.6.
Lowenclaw see Leunclauius.
Lucianus of Samosata (c. 115-180 A.D.) wrote a "History" (Ort189), "Vows" (Ort193), "Apologia" (Ort196), "De Amoribus" (Ort215), "Marine dialogues" (Ort216), "De Dea Syria" (Ort218), "Jupiter’s Tragedy" (Ort221), "Saltationes" (Ort226) and "Hercules Ogmios" (Ort194). Quoted in the cartouche on the Ancient Egypt South map, Ort220 and Ancient Egypt Ort221.
Quoted in cartouche of Ancient Egypt map South, Ort220 and Ancient Egypt, Ort 221, now with the addition that the quote comes from his Book 8;
Ort72.10, 73.10, 79.3, 79.5, 142.11, 194.4, 194.5, 194.19, 196.11, 196.49, 196.105, 199.59, 200.59, 209.15, 209.17, 213.8, 213.10, 218.29, 219.16, 220.2, 221.21, 221.33, 221.44, 222.11, 226.98, 231.18, 231.22, 231.23;
Bk.1: Ort78.12, 197.22, 198.22, Bk.2: Ort172.6, Bk.6: Ort209.27, Bk.9: Ort78.13, 222.20, 222.51;
History Bk.9: Ort189.4;
Vows: Ort193.65;
Apologia: Ort196.94;
De Amoribus: Ort215.8;
Marine Dialogues: Ort216.41;
De Dea Syria: Ort218.29;
Jupiters Tragedy: Ort221.41;
Saltationes: Ort226.12;
Hercules Ogmios: Ort194.5.
Lucius Faunus see Faunus Lucius.
Lucius Maurus see Maurus Lucius.
Lucretius, Titus Carus (98-58 B.C.) was a Roman poet who wrote "De rerum natura" (Paris, 1563), a scientific poem on the nature of things according to the philosophy of Epicurus, which reveals the scientific knowledge in Lucretius’ time, including the ancient ideas on atoms.
Ort213.2, 213.10;
Bk.6: Ort222.20.
Lud, Walther (1448-1547) from Lotharingen, co-worker of Waldseemüller, designed in 1507 the first world map in stereographic Polar projection and wrote comments on it in "Speculi Orbis succinctiss. sed neque pœnitenda neque inelegans Declaratio et Canon" <= mirror of the world> (Ort1,2,3) printed by Grüniger in Strassburg.
Mirror or Looking Glass of the World: Ort1.38, 2.38, 3.41.
Ludovicus Barthema see Barthema, Luigi.
Ludovicus Giorgio see Barbuda, Luis de.
Ludovicus Vives see Vives, Ludovicus.
Luis Mármol Carvajal see Mármol Carvajal Luis.
Luke, Saint, also Lucas (?), writer of part of the new Testament, is mentioned on the Divi Pauli map (Ort181) as the source on Paulus. As the author of Acts of the Aposteles, Lucas is an important source on St. Paul.
Lusignan see Lusignanus.
Lusignanus, Stephanus (1537-1590) from Nicosia, Cyprus was a Dominican who wrote historical and geographical works such as "Chorographia e breve istoria universale dell’ Isola di Cipro, principiando al tempo di Noe per insino al 1572" (Ort149), Bologna, Italy 1573, published in French in Paris, 1579. Also "Histoire générale des Royaumes de Jérusalem, Cypre, Arménie et lieux circonvoisins, depuis le deluge universel à l’an 1572" Paris 1579.
On Cyprus: Ort149.8.
Lutatius "the Grammarian" (2nd-1st century B.C.) was a Roman philologist.
Ort231.25.
Lycophron (born third century B.C.) from Chalcis, Euboia, Greece, was a Hellenistic poet. His only surviving work is "Alexandra", a dramatic monologue in which the slave set to watch Alexandra (= Cassandra) reports her prophecies to her father Priam, king of Troy. He is commented on by Isacrius (Ort161,224) and Eusthatius (Ort189).
Ort189.30, 199.31, 200.31, 210.24, 211.10, 223.2, 223.8;
Commented on by Isacrius: Ort161.11, 161.29, 224.14;
Commented on by Eusthatius: Ort189.23.
Lycurgus (abt 800 B.C.) drafted laws for Sparta in Lacedaemon’s time.
Ort215.6.