Saadias R. Hagaon see Holy Scriptures.
Sa, Emanuel (15th century) was a Jesuit authority supposed to have said that it is legitimate to kill a tyrant. He wrote "Notationes in totam scripturam sacram", published in Antwerp by Moretus in 1598.
Ort178.3, 179.3.
Sabellicus, Marcus Antonio Coccio (1436-1506) wrote a history of the world called "Enneades sive Rhapsodia historiarum" Venice 1504 (Ort16,101,175), as also "De vetustate Aquileiæ ll. VI" (Ort119). He also published works by Florus.
Ort149.8, Ort117.27, 117.33, 118.27, 118.33, 133.19, 143.8, 149.8;
Enneas Bk.2 Ch.10: Ort101.6, 101.22, Bk.8: Ort175.20, Bk.10, Ch.5: Ort16.5k, 16.14, 16.18.
About the monuments of Aquileya Bk.1-6: Ort119.11.
Sabinus, Pomponius (late 15th century), also called Pomponius Lætus, wrote antiquarian treatises and commented on Virgil’s works.
Ort210.20.
Saccus, Bernardus (16th century) from Pavia, Italy wrote "Historiæ Ticinensis ll. X".
Ort118.33.
Sadduces or Tzaddukim (around the first century A.D.) were religious leaders of the Jews forming an aristocratic class of priests in Jerusalem that did not believe in resurrection since Moses does not mention it in the Tora.
Ort196.98.
Salanus, Ioannes (?) wrote "De Providentia" (Ort218),
Ort143.8, 217.11, 218.25;
De Providentia Bk.7: Ort218.6, 218.8, 218.30.
Saligniaco, Bartholomæus (early 16th century) wrote "Itinerarium terræ sanctæ" published in Lyon 1525 and Magdeburg 1587.
Ort170.8.
Salisbury, John of see Polycrates.
Salustius or Sallustius, Gaius Crispus (86-35 B.C.) was elected prætor by Cæsar in 49 B.C. and became governor of Numidia in 46 B.C., where he enriched himself at the provincial’s expense and was (unsuccessfully) charged with extortion on his return to Rome. He became the owner of fine gardens (the "horti Sallustiani"), withdrew from public life and devoted the rest of it to become a prominent Roman historian who wrote "Bellum Iugurthinum" (Ort8) concerning North Africa. It was published and commented on by Ponticus Virunius (1467-1520), Aldo Manutio (Venice, 1576) and Fulvius Ursinus (Antwerp, 1595). He also wrote "Historiæ" (Ort199,200) of which some "Fragments" survived (Ort210,212).
Ort29.3, 30.3, 138.7, 189.2, 193.16, 193.26, 196.59, 199.48, 200.48, 210.13, 218.10;
Bellum Iugurthinum: 8.14;
Histories: Ort199.49, 200.49;
Fragments from these histories: Ort210.12, 212.26.
Sambucus, Ioannis (1531-1584) from Hungary who studied in Vienna, Wittenberg, Paris and Padua. He also lived in Brugge and Antwerp and was a good friend of Ortelius. He designed maps of Friuli, Illyricum, Transylvania, and Hungary used by Ortelius (Ort119,144,151,152,153).
Mentioned in map cartouche as maker of the following maps: Ort 119, 144, 151, 152, 153.
Ort129.17, 144.2, 145.16, 151.2, 153.9.
Sanfelicius Antonius (16th century), a Francescan from Naples, Italy wrote "De situ et origine Campaniæ", (Ort139).
Campania: Ort139.10.
Sanjulian, Pierre (died in 1593) from Calons, France, wrote various works of which "De antiquitatibus civitatis Cabillonensis" is best known.
Ort54.6, 54.8, 54.9.
Sanutus, Livio (1520-1576) co-operated with Ruscelli and made a large globe around 1570. His main work is "Geografia della Africa" which only appeared after his death in Venice, 1588. He quotes Livius (Ort8).
Quoting Livius Ort8.15
Sapiens Gildas see Gildas Sapiens.
Sappho (born about 612 B.C.)"the Poetess" from Lesbos, Greece, who formed a circle of young ladies who worshipped Aphrodite and the Muses, who contrary to popular belief was married and had a child.
Ort216.20.
Saputus, Livius (?).
Africa: 12.25.
Sarayna, Torellus (16th century) from Verona, Italy was a lawyer who wrote about his native city "De civitatis Veronæ origine, amplitudine, viris illustribus antiquis Veronensibus, monumentis Veronensibus, interpretatione literarum antiquarum" (Ort120), Verona 1540.
Antiquities of Verona: Ort120.8.
Sardus, Alexander (16th century) was a philosopher from Ferrara, Italy who wrote "De moribus et ritibus gentium" <= about habits and rituals of people>, Venice 1540, and also "De inventoribus rerum" <= about the discoverers of matters> (Ort12).
Ort1.60, 2.60, 3.66, 133.4.
De Inventoribus Rerum: Ort12.22.
Savile (16th century) published in 1596 in London the "Annales rerum Anglicarum", intended to be a sequel to Beda’s Ecclesiastical History, written by Roger Hoveden, (12th century), an English historian. He also published a History of England written by Henry Huntingdon (12th century) in 1154.
Saxo Grammaticus (abt. 1150-abt. 1220) wrote "Gesta Danorum" or Danish History which was published in Paris 1514, in Basel 1534 and in Frankfurt 1576.
Ort80.15, 84.2, 84.5, 85.2, 85.6, 86.6, 87.17, 89.15, 160.17, 161.25, 161.29, 161.73, 161.75, 192.57.
Saxton, Christopher (abt. 1542- abt. 1610) was the most significant English regional cartographer of the 16th and 17th century. Vrients used his "Anglia Regnum" map (Ort20).
Mentioned as maker of England map in cartouche Ort20;
Ort19.45d.
Scalantus Bernardinus (?) has written a booklet about China which came into the possession of Ortelius (Ort164).
Ort164.2, 164.19.
Scaliger, Julius Cæsar (1484-1558), physician, publisher and commentator. He wrote "Comm. In Theophrastes historia plantarum" Leiden 1566, "Comm. In libros Aristotelis de plantis" Leiden 1556, a funeral address (Ort120) and an "Oration" about the city of Verona and lake Benacus in Italy. His son is also called Joseph, (1540-1609).
Ort8.12, 123.5, 142.18, 196.105, 196.106;
Funeral address: Ort120.9.
Scaliger, Ioseph, (1540-1609) son of Julius Cæsar Scaliger, was an important philologist who published and commented on Apuleius’ "De Mundo" and also Ausonius’ "Lectiones", (Ort193) published in Leiden in 1574.
Quoting Ausonius: Ort193.9.
Scardeonius, Bernardinus (1478-1574) from Padua Italy wrote "Libri III de antiquitate urbis Patavinæ et claris civibus", Basel 1566, (Ort121,122).
Ort120.5;
On the city of Padua 121.8, 122.8.
Scardioneus see Scardeonius.
Scepperus Cornelius (1502-1555) from Nieuwpoort, Flanders, wrote down his travel experiences in an "Itinerarium". Also: Journal to Soliman (Ort143).
Journal to Soliman: Ort143.19.
Scepperus, Iacobus (?) wrote "Corography of Germany" (Ort194).
Corography of Germany: Ort194.34.
Scepsius (1520-1577) studied in Basel and later taught there. He is mentioned in the Catalogus Auctorum from 1579 onwards. He made a map of the Bern area which was first published after hsi death in 1578.
Ort199.29, 200.29, 206.9.
Schardius, Simon (died in 1573) was a lawyer in Speyer who wrote "Historicum opus, in quator tomos divisum", Basel, 1574.
Schedel, Hartmannus (1440-1514) wrote "Liber Chronicarum" or the Nuremberg Chronicle (Ort1), the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century discussing world history from the creation to Schedel’s own time. It was published in Nuremberg in 1493 by Koberger.
Chronicle of time: Ort1.46.
Schonhovius (16th century) published Marcellus’ "Annales", Paris 1546.
Schonhovius 193.7.
Schotius, Henricus (?) from Antwerp was a friend of Ortelius to whom the Aleander the Great map was dedicated, as appear from its cartouche (Ort222).
Schott, Andreas (1552-1630) from Antwerp was a Jesuit who published and commented on Antonini Augusti Provinciarum and Mela’s "De situ orbis spicelegio auctus" Antwerp 1582, and wrote "Hispania illustrata" and "Annotationum Spicilegium". He corresponded with Ortelius (Hessels nr. 113).
Schrot, Christianus (abt. 1520-1608) from Kalkar, Germany worked there as a geometer. Later he entered into the service of the royal court of Spain as cartographer. He published many maps, e.g. "Gelria & Clivia", "Germania" "Terra Sancta", all used by Ortelius, and a map entitled "The Peregrination of the children of God" (Ort181), known to Ortelius, but not used by him.
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Gelria map as its maker, Ort61
Mentioned in the cartouche of the second Gelria map as its maker, Ort62;
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Westphalia map as its maker, Ort91;
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Terra Sancta map as its editor and publisher, Ort 173;
Map entitled The Peregrination of the Children of God: Ort181.3.
Schudi, Ægidius, see Tschudi, Ægidius.
Scipio Mazella see Mazella Scipio.
Scotus, Marianus (1028-abt. 1082) was an Irish monk and scholar who left Ireland and lived on the continent in Colgne, Fulda and Mainz until his death. His "Chronicle of the World" covering world history from creation to 1082 was much used in the Middle Ages, notably by Florence of Worcester and Sigebert of Gembloux.
Ort18.10.
Scultetus, Bartholomeus
Mentioned in the cartouche of the half sheet map of Meissen as its maker, Ort96b
Secco, Aluaro (16th century) from Portugal made his first map of Spain and Portugal around 1550, and also a manuscript atlas of Spain and Portugal, 1580-1585. He is best known for his Portugal map, engraved by Ligorio and published in Rome by Achilles Statius in 1561. Ortelius followed this example closely in his Portugal map (Ort26), and refers to this Portugal map in his "Catalogus".
Mentioned as the maker of the Portugal map in cartouche of Ort26.
Secznagel, Marcus (abt. 1520-1580) is mentioned twice in the cartouche of the first and second Salzburg map as its maker (Ort107,108)
Sempronius, Caius Gracchus (second century B.C.) was a Roman statesman and orator and originator of many laws.
Ort117.33, 118.33.
Seneca, Lucius Annæus the younger or the philosopher (c. 4 B.C.-65 A.D.) was the second son of Seneca the elder, and was born in Cordoba, Spain. As a child he was brought to Rome, and was educated there in rhetoric and philosophy. Embarking on a senatorial career, he bacame an advocate, quæstor and senator, and achieved a considerable reputation as an orator and writer, so much that he provoked the jealousy of Emperor Caligula and in 39 narrowly escaped being put to death. Under Claudius he occupied a position at court. In 41 he was banished to Corsica for alleged adultery with Julia, the youngest daughter of Germanicus. Later, he was called back and became the tutor of Nero for 8 years. As Nero’s behaviour became increasingly unpredictable, he asked permission to retire. He left Rome and devoted the next three years to philosophy and his friends. In 65, he was implicated in the unsuccessful conspiracy of Piso and forced to commit suicide. His courageous death has been described by Tacitus in his "Annals", 15.64. He was a prolific writer who among other things wrote the tragedy Medea (Ort9,10,11,213,226). Further: "Epistle" (Ort193), "Claudij Ludus" (Ort194), "Naturalis" <="Natural Questions"> (Ort189,196) now attributed to Seneca the Elder, ""Natural Philosophy" (Ort212), "Book of Anger" (Ort199,200), "Suaforijs" (Ort199,200), "Consolation for Albinus" (Ort210,217), "Serenus" (Ort224), "Troas" (Ort217), and "God’s Providence" (Ort199,200).
Quote from Naturæ Quæstiones 1. Præfatio 8-9 in Cartouche Ort3, further Bk.3: Ort196.7, 196.12, Bk.8: Ort189.8 (not by Seneca the Younger but by Seneca the Elder;
Quote from Epistle 89.1 in cartouche Ort3
Ort47.11, 196.49, 199.18, 199.42, 199.54, 200.18, 200.42, 200.54, 209.17, 213.8, 220 mentioned on the mapsheet, 221.26, 222.4, 224.40, 231.17, 231.22, 231.23;Bk.7 Ch.88: Ort224.15;
Medea: Ort213.19, 226.4, 2nd Act: Ort9.2, 9.55, 10.2, 11.2, 11.55;
Epistle: Ort193.57;
Claudij Ludus: Ort194.21;
Natural Philosophy Bk.6: Ort212.27.
Book of Anger: Ort199.37, 200.37;
Suaforijs: Ort199.41, 200.41;
Consolation: Ort210.3, 217.20;
To Serenus: Ort224.28;
Troas: Ort217.31;
Gods Providence: Ort199.23, 200.23.
Septala, Ioannes Georgio (abt. 1490-abt 1560) from Milan is mentioned in the cartouche of the Mediolanensis map as its maker (Ort125). His map of Milan which was the map Ortelius used was published by Hieronymus Cock in Antwerp.
Septuagint <= Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible> (Ort182).
Septuagint: Ort182.8.
Sequester, Vibius (16th century) came from Basel, Switzerland. He wrote geographical works on Switzerland: "Vallesiæ description libri II et de Alpibus commentarius", and together with Casper Collini "liber de thermis et fontibus medicatis Vallesianorum", (Ort2), Zürich 1574, as well as two volumes "De republica Helvetiorum" Zürich 1576. He also wrote a geographical dictionary "De fluviis, fontibus, lacabus, montibus, silvis et populis, quorum apud poëtas fit mentio", (Ort1,2,3, published in 1512) used by Boccacio without mentioning his source. Later this was published and commented on by Josias Simler, Basel Switzerland 1575.
Ort29.3, 30.3, 210.13, 224.8;
About Mountains, Rivers, Springs, Lakes etc. Ort1.22, 2.22, 3.25.
Seriolanus Furius Fredericus see Furius Fredericus Seriolanus.
Servilius, Johann (born in 1500) from Brabant wrote "Geldro-Gallico coniuratio in totus Belgiæ clarissimam civitatem Antverpiam, duce Martino Rosheymio" Antwerp 1542, and "Treatise on Guelders and Brabant" (Ort65).
Treatise about Guelders and Brabant: Ort65.13, 66.13.
Servius, Maurus Honoratus (4th century A.D.) was a Latin grammarian and commentator, whose greatest work was his "Commentaries" on Vergilius’ "Georgica" referred to by Ortelius as "Georgics" (Ort193,199,200,207,208,209) and "Æneis", by Ortelius called Æneids (Ort193,210,216).
Ort142.9, 190.11, 192.20, 193.14, 196.47, 196.67, 209.2, 209.3, 210.10, 210.13, 210.21, 218.15, 224.23, 232.10;
Comments on Vergilius: Ort196.64;
Commentaries on Vergilius’ Georgics: Ort209-22-25, Bk.2: Ort207.10, 208.10, Bk.3: Ort199.49, 200.49, Bk.4: Ort193.16;
Commentaries on Vergilius’ Æneids: Ort193.70, 193.71, 210.2, Bk.3: Ort216.41, Bk.11: Ort210.20.
Severus, Marcus Aurelius Alexandrus (208-235 A.D.) was a Roman emperor from 222 to 235. He was killed by his own soldiers. He is quoted by Lampridius (Ort193,227) in "De Historia Augusta".
Ort203.23;
Quoted by Lampridius: Ort193.37, 227.16-18.
Severus, Sulpicius (died about 400 A.D.) was a Church father from Aquitania who wrote "Chronica" a World Chronicle covering the period from Adam and Eve to about 400 A.D. He is quoted by Xiphilinus (Ort192).
Severus is mentioned once on mapsheet Ort191;
Ort191.6, 192.68;
Quoted by Xiphilinus: Ort192.8.
Severin Gobelius see Gobelius Severin.
Severinus Gobelius see Gobelius Severin.
Sextus Empiricus "the Philosopher" (second century A.D.) was a Greek physician whose writings are the chief source of information on the Sceptical school of philosophy. In his "Outlines of Pyrrhonism" he states the case for the Sceptics and attacks dogmatic philosophy. In his other work, "Against the Professors", he refutes the teachers of the various branches of learning in succession.
Ort221.43.
Sextus Pompeius Festus see Pompeius Festus.
Sextus Rufius or Rufus see Rufius Sextus.
Sfortia, Guido (?)
Person to whom the Portugal map is dedicated in cartouche Ort26
Sicelidas see Asclepiades.
Sichard, Johann (1499-1552) of Franconia, also worked at a municipal school in Munich wrote a work about old German laws "Leges Ripoariorun Bajouariorum et Allemannorum" Basel 1530, and "Chronik des Hermanns der Lahmen", Basel 1529, and a work on German History (Ort 154,155).
History of Germany: Ort154.10, 155.10.
Sicilius, Christianus (16th century) wrote a treatise on the Danes and Diethmarshers (Ort88,90).
Treatise on the Danes and Dietmarshers: Ort88.7, 90.7.
Siculus, Diodorus see Diodorus Siculus.
Siculus Flaccus see Flaccus, Siculus.
Siculus, Marinæus see Marinæus Siculus.
Sidonius Apollinaris see Apollinaris Sidonius.
Sigebertus Gemblacensis (abt. 1030-1112) or Sigebert from Gembloers was a Benedictine monk of Gembloux near Namur, Belgium, who continued the Chronicle of the Church father Hieronymus until 1112 as "Chronographia sive Chronica 381-1111".
Ort161.2, 161.3.
Sigismundus Arquerus see Arquerus Sigismundus.
Silenus (Greek mythical figure) represented the spirit of wild life in a creature half man, half animal in form. Classical authors repeatedly confuse him with satyrs, but whereas satyrs are young, sileni are thought of as old men, and being old are thought to be wise. A famous story relates how Midas made Silenus drunk in order to learn his secrets. Silenus is sometimes represented as Dionysius’ tutor, or depicted in the train of Dionysius, making music or getting drunk. He is mentioned by Ælianus (Ort189).
Ort31.2;
Mentioned by Ælianus: Ort189.4.
Silius Italicus see Italicus Silius.
Silvius (=?Silius), (?) (see also Æneas Sylvius Piccolomini).
Ort137.33, 193.33, 193.56, 218.25.
Silvius Æneas see Æneas Silvius.
Simeoni, Gabriel (1509-1575) of Florence, Italy lived in France for a long time and was also in the service of bishop Guillaume Duprat of Clermont, who ordered him to make a description of Limagne, resulting in "Dialogo pio e speculative" <= a limited and speculative dialogue> (Ort39), Lyon, 1560 which included a map of Limagne which Ortelius used. This work was translated into French by Guillaume Roville and published in Lyon in 1561 under the title "Description de la Limagne d’Auvergne". Simeoni also wrote "Illustres observations antiques", Lyon 1558, describing his travels in the Provence and Italy. He also wrote "Cæsar renovatus" (Ort194).
Mentioned in the cartouche of Ort39b Limaniæ as the maker of this map Ort39
Ort47.6;An excellent and speculative dialogue: Ort39.5;
Cæsar Renovatus: Ort194.20.
Simler, Josias (1530-1575) published and commented on a geographical dictionary by Vibius. He also wrote "On the province of Valesia" (Ort115).
On the province of Valesia: Ort115.12.
Simon Grynæus see Grynæus Simon.
Sivori, Antonio (died in 1608) from Genoa is the person to whom the map Genuensis has been dedicated, Ort 126.
Smetius Martinus (?) wrote "About ancient inscriptions" (Ort196) and quotes Fulvius and Lipsius (Ort206).
Ort3.65, 212.17;
Sheet 8 of 28 of De Inscriptionibus Antiquis: Ort196.117; Citing Fulvius and Lipsius: Ort206.20.
Socrates (469-399 B.C.) was the Greek philosopher who inspired his pupil Plato.
Ort186.10.
Solenander, Ioannes (?).
Ort142.11.
Solenander, Reiner (born in 1525) was personal physician of the Duke of Cleve. He resided in Italy for seven years, and wrote "De causa caloris fontium medicatorum eorumque temperatione", Lyon, France 1558 discussing Italian medicinal baths.
Solimus =? Solinus.
Solinus, Gaius Julius Polyhistor (3rd century) wrote a collection of fables and other unbelievable stories under the title "Polyhistor" (Ort19,209,216) which have geography as their starting point. It aimed to be a sequel to Plinius’ "Historia Naturalis". Solinus’ "Polyhistor" was published and commented on by J. Camers as "G.J. Solinus cum enarrationibus et indice Camertis", Vienna 1520, containing Apian’s famous world map, as also maps by Vadianus, Münster, Vinet, Olivarius and others. He quotes Cassius Hemina (Ort223), Varro’s "De Lingua Latina (Ort231) and Xenophon’s Lampsacenus (Ort224).
Solinus is mentioned twice on mapsheet Ort191;
Ort1.11, 2.11, 3.11, 3.35, 16.11, 22.9, Ort31.2, 141.2, 182.29, 183.29, 183.34, 190.27, 190.6-8, 190.11, 190.20, 190.25, 190.26, 190.41, 190.43, 190.46, 190.59, 190.66, 190.67, 190.68, 191.2-4, 191.6, 191.11, 192.15, 192.17, 192.20, 192.35, 192.46-48, 192.51-53, 192.58, 192.59, 192.61, 192.68, 192.69, 192.73, 193.42, 193.59, 193.71, 193.72, 196.3, 196.7, 196.9, 196.33, 196.114, 199.29, 199.33, 199.34, 199.36, 200.29, 200.33, 200.34, 200.36, 203.6, 203.9, 204.2, 205.2, 206.2, 207.12, 208.12, 210.23, 211.6, 211.8, 211.12, 212.20, 212.22, 214.18, 217.3, 217.4, 217.6, 217.7, 217.15, 218.5, 218.10, 218.14, 218.19, 218.30, 222.4, 222.18, 222.20, 222.25, 223.9, 224.12, 224.47, 224.50, 224.51, 231.4, 231.5, 231.20;
Polyhistory: 209.5, 209.22, 209.23, 216.16, 216.28, 216.37, Ch. 35: Ort19.45k;
Quoting Cassius Hemina: Ort223.19.
Quoting Varro’s De Lingua Latina Bk.6: Ort231.18;
After Xenophon’s Lampsacenus: Ort224.58;
Sophianus Michael (16th century) wrote a description of Greece which was published by Nicolas Gerbelius in Basel, Switzerland.
Ort159.5, 181.11, 224.3.
Sophianus Nicolas (abt. 1500-after 1544) wrote the treatise "De astrolabio" (1544) and drew maps of Greece used by Ortelius for his Parergon map of Greece (Ort215).
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Ancient Hellas map as its maker, Ort215.
Sophista Libanius see Libanius Sophista.
Sophronius (?)
Ort232,9.
Soranus, Valerius (2nd century A.D) from Efese was a Greek physician who lived in Rome and Alexandria. He wrote "Gynæcologia" about obstretics. He also wrote "Life of Hippocrates (Ort224).
Ort209.12;
Life of Hippocrates: Ort224.33.
Sosipater Charisius Flavius (4th century A.D.) was a Latin grammarian, African by birth, who wrote "Ars Grammatica" addressed to his son. He quotes from Varro’s "On Antiquities" (Ort196).
Quoting Varro’s On Antiquities Bk.2: Ort196.60.
Sosthenos (?) quoted by Plutarchus (Ort193).
Quoted by Plutarchus: Ort193.5.
Sotacus (3rd century B.C) wrote a work on various kinds of stones which is quoted by Plinius (Ort192).
Ort189.20, 190.45;
Quoted by Plinius: Ort192.19.
Spangeberg, Syriacus (1528-1604), historian and theologist wrote various Chronicles about Mansfeld, Saxonia, Henneberg etc., which Ortelius knew about but did not (yet) possess.
Ort94.4, 94.11.
Spartianus, see Antonius Ælius.
Specklin, Daniel (?) is mentioned in the cartouche of the half page Argentoratensis as its maker, Ort112b.
Speed, John (1552-1629) wrote "The history of Great Britaine under the conquest of ye Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans" (1614) as well as his atlas "Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain" (1611 and later). Ortelius calls him his good friend (Ort22).
Ort22.41.
Spiegel or Spiegelius, Jak. (16th century) in 1531 in Strassbourg published a poem discovered by Celtis, C. in a monastery. The poem was called "Ligurinus sive de gestis Frederici I libri X", a description of the battles which Frederick Barbarossa fought with the Milan people whom he calls Ligures, written by Guntherus Ligurinus. Celtis gave it to K. Peutinger who published it in 1507. In 1569 a new edition was published by Otto von Freising in Basel, Switzerland which also included a biography of Friedrich I. Spiegel also wrote "Notæ in Guntheri Ligurinum" (Ort65,66), and "Scholia in Rich. Bartholini Austriados". He was a nephew of Beatus Rhenanus.
Letter to Guntherus of Genoa: Ort65.2, 66.2.
Spiegelius see Spiegel.
Spinola, Gaston (16th century), Earl of Brugge, lawyer and mathematician, was instrumental in producing the map of Limburg (Ort67).
Ort67.15.
Staden, Hans (16th century) travelled to South America in 1547 and 1554 and was kept captive by native Indians for 9 months. He reported about his experiences in a book with an introduction by Johan Dryander.
Ort9.48, 10.48, 11.51.
Stanihurst, Richard (born in 1552) from Ireland wrote on his native country "De rebus in Hibernia gestis" Antwerp 1584, "Rerum Hibernicarum appendix" and "Descriptio Hiberniæ" London 1585.
Ort23.6, 23.10;
Ireland: Ort22.40.
Statius, Publius Papinius (45-96 A.D.) was a Roman poet, born in Naples, son of a grammarian and schoolmaster, who encouraged the literary aptitude of his son. Among many other works, he wrote "Achilleis" (Ort189), an epic broken off in Bk.2 by the author’s death, "De Amoribus" (Ort193,211,221) and "Silvæ" <= About Forests> (Ort203).
Ort31.9, 193.52, 203.9, 209.14, 209.15, 209.18, 212.10, 213.8, 216.28, 221.15, 231.23;
Achilleis: Ort189.12;
De Amoribus Bk.1: Ort193.62, Bk.2: Ort211.12, Bk.4: Ort221.15, Bk.5: Ort221.30;
Silvæ <=Woods>: Ort203.33.
Stella Cherubin (?).
Ort4.7, 5.8.
Stella, Christoffel (late 16th to early 17th century) was the son of Tilemann Stella, mathematician and geographer, who continued the work of his father.
Voyage of the Kings: Ort66.20.
Stella Erasmus (died in 1521) of Leipzig, Germany wrote "De rebus et populis oræ inter Albim et Salam", "De antiquitatibus Borussiæ" (Ort88), and "De rebus Saxoniæ, Thuringiæ, Libanothiæ, Misniæ et Lusatiæ" which he attributes to his teacher Iannes Garzo Bononiensis.
Ort156.2, 156.6, 157.2, 157.6;
On Ancient Matters Concerning Prussia, 2 books: Ort88.12.
Stella, Ioannes Calvetus (16th century) from Spain wrote a Journal of King "Philip", (Ort 58).
Journal for King Philip: Ort58.7.
Stella, Tilemann (1525-1589) from Wittenberg, Germany made a map of Mecklenburg (1552), and a manuscript celestial globe (1553). Based on the reformation, he made a map of Palestine, the Exodus, Germany, and of Mansfeld. The first and last ones were used by Ortelius.
Mentioned in the cartouche of the map of Mansfeld as its maker, Ort94;
Mentioned in the cartouche of the first, second and third Palestinæ map as its maker, Ort170, 171, 172;
Ort172.19, 178.5, 179.5;
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Typus Chorographicus map as its maker, Ort180.
Stephanus Garibayus de Mondragone see Garibayus.
Stephanus Henricus Byzantinus (6th century) was a Greek Grammarian and writer of a lexicon (Ort 193) containing in alphabetical order the names of countries, cities, and peoples. The first printed version was published by Aldo Manutio, a further one by Wilhelm Xylander ("De Urbibus" <about cities> (Ort231), Basel Switzerland 1558). Stephanus also wrote "Airos" (Ort186) and quotes Hecataeus Cosmography (Ort193).
Ort161.9, 180.49, 189.27, 190.28, 191.4, 192.2, 192.59, 193.9, 193.51, 199.2, 199.9, 200.2, 200.9, 203.19, 204.4, 205.4, 209.14, 210.9, 210.19, 211.13, 212.2, 214.37, 217.7, 217.28, 217.31, 218.11, 219.2, 220 mentioned on the mapsheet a number of times, 221.2, 224.27, 231.16, 231.24, 231.28;
Ancient Greek Lexicon 193.6;
About Cities: Ort1.21, 2.21, 3.24, 193.4, 231.23;
Airos: Ort186.19;
Quoting Hecatæus' Cosmography: Ort193.72.
Stephanus Lusignan see Lusignan Stephanus.
Stephanus Pighius see Pighius Stephanus.
Stephanus Taurinus see Taurinus Stephanus.
Stephen, Saint (1st century A.D.) from Greece was one of the first deacons and the first Christian martyr. He addressed an Oration to the Jews (Ort182) before being stoned, as has been written in the Acts of the Apostles.
Oration addressed to the Jews: Ort182.2.
Stertinius, Lucius (1st century A.D.) was a Roman army commander under Germanicus.
Ort193.53.
Stobæus, Johannes (early 5th century A.D.) from Macedonia, Greece was a compiler of an anthology of excerpts from pagan Greek poets and prose writers. These excerpts were originally arranged in four books, whose subjects included philosophy, physics, rhetoric, poetry, ethics morals and politics. He quotes Calisthenes (Ort196) and Nicolaus (Ort196).
Ort193.34, 193.35, 196.78, 196.94, 222.4;
Quoting Calisthenes: Ort196.23;
Quoting Nicolaus: Ort196.90.
Strabo (64 B.C.–after 24 A.D.) was a Greek geographer from Amasia, Greece, who came to Rome in 44 B.C. to complete his education and subsequently visited the city several times. He travelled from Armenia to Etruria from the Black Sea to the borders of Æthiopia, returning top his home in about 7 B.C., where he remained until his death. His surviving great work the "Geography" in 17 books, seems to have been completed in 7 B.C. It has been suggested that it was originally published at Amasia, where it was perhaps revised and republished in about 18 A.D. in order to account for the surprising fact that it was not known to the Romans, not even to Plinius the Elder, although it seems to have been known in the East. Strabo insists that his "Geography" was intended for political leaders, and its aim is to impart practical wisdom. He describes the physical geography of the chief countries in the Roman world, giving the broad features of their historical and economic development and an account of anything remarkable in the customs of their inhabitants or in their animal or plant life. The first two books serve as a general introduction. After a remarkable preface in which he discusses geography as a branch of scientific inquiry, Strabo deals with the dimensions of the inhabited world and the position of various places with reference to a simple grid. Book 3-17 embrace Spain, the Scilly islands, Gaul, Britain (of which he knows little), Italy, Sicily, north and East Europe, Asia around the Black and Caspian Seas, Asia Minor, India, Persia, Mesopotamia, Palestine, Arabia, Egypt, Æthiopia and North Africa. Strabo considers Africa to be a triangle North of the equator. Strabo based his geography on Eratosthenes whom he brought up to date. He regarded the world as a sphere, having only one continent in the Northern hemisphere, entirely surrounded by the ocean. His work is invaluable in informing us about the state of geographical knowledge in his day, as well as containing many entertaining descriptions: how the Indians capture elephants and long-tailed apes, how the Arabs get fresh water out of the sea, how the Egyptians feed their sacred crocodiles etc. His work, in epitomised form, was used as a school book in the Middle Ages. He was considered by the geographers of the 16th century as one of the greatest classical authorities. The best edition of his "Geographica" is considered to be the one by Wilhelm Xylander, Basel, Switzerland 1571. Another edition is by Casaubon (Ort209). There are also Straboes "Epitome" (Ort214) and "Comments" (Ort210,214,222). He quotes Pytheas (Ort161), Posidonius (Ort212), Homerus (Ort214,217), Apollodoris (Ort224), Eratosthenes (Ort224), Nicolaus Damascenis (Ort232) and Ephorus (Ort189), and is quoted by Lazius (Ort116).
On mapsheet in textblock below Caspian sea: Ort168; mentioned once on mapsheet Ort191;
In text: Ort10.2, 11.54, 22.2, 25.2, 25.7, 25.8, 26.3, 29.2, 30.2, 31.2, 31.3, 31.9, 31.29, 37.15, 38.2, 44.3, 45.3, 47.2, 47.3, 47.5, 47.8, 48.2, 49.2, 49.3, 49.11, 63.2, 79.18, 80.22, 82.2, 83.2, 89.2, 90.2, 114.2, 115.5, 115.12, 117.33, 118.33, 129.3, 134.3, 134.5, 137.25, 137.41, 141.2, 142.2, 142.3, 142.5, 142.10, 142.11, 142.15, 142.19, 142.21, 142.24, 144.8, 144.12, 145.8, 145.9, 147.10, 147.11, 147.29, 148.4, 148.8, 151.4, 159.7, 159.8, 166.2, 166.8, 174.5a, 174.18, 176.2, 180.49, 182.27, 183.27, 183.35, 186.8, 186.9, 190.2, 190.4-6, 190.7, 190.14, 190.15, 190.17, 190.18, 190.26, 190.27, 190.30, 190.31, 190.35, 190.37-41, 190.44, 190.50, 190.54, 190.55, 190.68, 191.15, 192.4, 192.5, 192.9, 192.11-15, 192.18, 192.24, 192.30, 192.31, 192.47, 192.77, 192.78, 193.8, 193.9, 193.11, 193.18-21, 193.24, 193.27, 193.29, 193.30, 193.32-34, 193.36, 193.40, 193.44, 193.45, 193.49-52, 193.54-56, 193.64, 194.4, 194.6, 196.1, 196.4, 196.5, 196.7, 196.15, 196.16, 196.21, 196.22, 196.26, 196.31, 196.34-36, 196.39, 196.40, 196.43, 196.45-47, 196.57, 196.63, 196.65, 196.67, 196.69, 196.70, 196.71, 196.75, 196.76, 196.81, 196.82, 196.84-86, 196.88, 196.97, 196.103, 196.112, 196.114, 196.116, 199.4, 199.8, 199.14, 199.23, 199.25, 199.28, 200.4, 200.8, 200.14, 200.23, 200.25, 200.28, 203.3, 203.5, 203.8, 203.19, 203.21, 203.22, 203.33, 204.7, 206.7, 207.5, 207.9, 208.5, 208.9, 209.2, 209.8, 209.22, 209.27, 209.28, 209.30, 210.13, 210.24, 211.2, 211.3, 211.9, 211.13, 212.2, 212.12, 212.13, 212.16, 212.21, 212.29, 213.2, 213.3, 213.5-8, 213.15, 214.7, 214.37, 215.2, 215.9, 216.2, 216.9-11, 216.16, 216.18, 216.20, 216.22, 216.24, 216.26, 216.40, 216.43, 216.45, 217.3, 217.8, 217.11-14, 217.17, 217.19, 217.23, 217.30, 217.31, 218.14, 218.24, 219.18, 220 mentioned on the mapsheet various times, 220.2, 221.15, 221.17, 221.21, 221.33, 222.3, 222.17, 222.25-27, 222.29-31, 222.47, 224.13, 224.14, 224.16, 224.20, 224.21, 224.43, 224.45, 224.46, 224.52, 231.4, 231.22, 231.24, 232.2, 232.3, 232.8, 232.28;
Geography: Ort191.14, 216.2, Bk.1-5: Ort142.20; Bks.1-17: Ort1.10, 2.10, 3.10, Bk.1 quoting Homerus: Ort214.2, Bk.2: Ort189.5-7, 189.13, 189.13-18, 189.25-28, Bk.3-10: Ort4.5, 5.6; Bk.4: 194.15, 196.26, 197.10-15, 198.10-15, Ort196.26, Bk.5 Ort206.10, Ort209.9, Bk.5, based on Antiochus: Ort210.10, Bk.6: Ort210.8, 210.11, 211.6, 222.36, 224.48, Bk.7: Ort144.6, 145.3, 194.17, 194.34, Ort199.61, 200.61, 212.9, 212.30, 213.12, Bk.10: Ort216.12, 217.28, Bk.11-16: Ort6.3, 6.5, 7.7, 9.54, Bk.13: Ort223.10, Bk.14: Ort216.34, Bk. 15 & 16: Ort224.54, Bk.16: Ort12.10, 172.6, 172.15, Bk.17: Ort221.30;
Commented on by Casaubon: Ort209.24;
Epitome: Ort212.30;
Commentaries: Ort222.2;
Bk.2: Ort210.12, Bk.7: Ort214.3;
Quoting Pytheas: Ort161.11;
Quoting Posidonius 212.22;
Quoting Homerus: Ort214.2, Ort217.7;
Quoting Apollodorus: Ort224.29;
Quoting Eratosthenes: Ort224.29;
Quoting Nicolaus Damascensis 232.25;
Quoting Ephorus: Ort189.29;
Quoted by Lazius: Ort116.8.
Stuckius, (late 16th century) published a work by Arrianus called "Arriani Flavii: Ponti Euxini et maris Erythræi Periplus" in Basel in 1577 (Ort212).
Ort224.55;
Commenting on Arrianus Periplus: Ort212.30.
Stumpf, Ioannes (1500-1566) wrote a Chronicle entitled "Gemeiner lobl. Eidgenossenschaft Städten, Landen, und Völkeren chronikwürdiger Taten Beschreibung". The first three books describe the topography and history of Europe, particularly of France and Germany, the other ten books on the topography of Switzerland (Ort115), first published in 1548. The "Schwytzer chronik" of 1554 is a summary after the example of Blondus.
Treatise on Switzerland: Ort115.5, 115.12.
Stunica (1536-1598) was a Spanish Augustinian theologist who defended the Copernican world view and rejected Ptolemæic geocentrism.
Ort181.16, 206.12-21.
Stupanus, Nicolaus from Rhetia (1542-1621), physician, is supposed to have written "Beschreibung des Landes am Riess", and published works by other authors such as a history of Naples by Pandulphis Collenutius, and three works by Alexander Piccolomini, viz. "De sphæra mundi", "Compendium de stellis fixis" and "De magnitude terræ et aquæ".
Ort115.5, 115.12.
Sudinus (Roman times) was a Roman writer about whom I can find no further details.
Ort189.20.
Suetonius, Caius Tranquillus (75-160 A.D.) was a Roman biographer who first practised in law courts. He then became a secretary at the imperial palace where he was able to consult imperial archives. Of his writings which must have included works on Roman antiquities, natural science and grammar, many have been lost. Surviving works are "Life of Alexander" (Ort 31) and "Vespasianus" (Ort191,192), the last work being part of his best known "12 Cæsars" (Ort 144,145,190,196,197,198,199,200,203,229), the most important work of Suetonius, first printed in Rome in 1470. It contains biographies of Julius Cæsar and the 11 emperors from Augustus to Domitianus, still very captivating to read because of its many lively personal anecdotes.
Ort47.5, 82.2, 83.2, 186.20, 190.7, 190.70, 193.61, 196.3, 199.15, 199.16, 200.15, 200.16, 209.29, 212.2;
Ch.3: Ort229.3, Ch.37: Ort229.2;
Life of Alexander: Ort31.4;
Life of Vespasianus Ort191.9; Ch.4: Ort192.71;
Life of Tiberius Cæsar: Ort144.9, 145.6, 203.20, Bk.9: Ort197.9, 198.9;
Life of Claudius: Ort194.21, 199.69, 200.69;
Life of Iulius: Ort190.42, 196.6.
Suetonius Paulinus (?)
Suetonius Paulinus Ort191.7
Suffridus Petrus see Petrus Suffridus.
Suidas (10th century) was the name of a Byzantine Lexicon which was translated by the humanist Hieronymus Wolf into Latin and published in Basel, Switzerland in 1564 and in 1581. Its unknown author also wrote "Lycurgus" (Ort199,200), quotes Polybius (Ort196), Iulianus’ Misopogonos (Ort199,200), and is commented upon by Casaubone (Ort196).
Ort176.3, 183.3, 193.23, 194.5, 196.76, 199.28, 199.59, 200.28, 200.59, 210.8, 210.23, 212.4, 212.15, 214.17, 214.37, 216.17, 217.13, 218.14, 220 mentioned on the mapsheet, 222.37, 224.3, 224.4, 224.22, 224.36, 232.8, 232.11, 232.25;
Lycurgus: Ort199.41, 200.41;
Quoting Polybius: Ort196.68;
Quoting Iulianus: Ort199.22, 200.22;
Commented on by Casaubone: Ort196.79.
Sulphicia (first century B.C) was the niece of Messala. Her "Satirical Poems" (Ort187) have come down to us through Tibullus Albius.
Satirical Poems: Ort187.5.
Sulpicius see Severus Sulpicius.
Superant, Franciscus (16th century) of Venice was a mathematician and geographer to whom Ortelius dedicated his Italia Gallica map (Ort206) and about whom I cannot find further information.
The person to whom Ortelius dedicated his Italia Gallica map, Ort206. Further in map text: Ort147.12.
Superantius see Superant
Surhonius, Ioannes (active 1550-1560) or Jean de Surhon received royal privilege in 1557 to make a map of Vermandois and of Picardy. The first map was published a year later in Antwerp by Arnold Nicolai (Meurer p. 251, Karrow 74/2, p. 517-518), the second only in 1579 (Karrow 74/3 p.517-518, Meurer p. 251-252).
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Veromanduorum map as its author, Ort44b, 45b.
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Picardy map as its maker, Ort46.
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Namur map as its maker, Ort68
Surhonius, Jacobus (died 1559) or Jacques Surhon made a manuscript map of Luxemburg for which he received 500 Livres from Charles V in 1551. For security reasons it was not published. Only in 1579, when Antwerpen was independent for a short time, did Ortelius use it. (Meurer p. 250-251).
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Luxemburg map as its maker, Ort60
Mentioned on the first Hannonia map as its maker, Ort69
Mentioned in the cartouche of the second Hannonia map as its maker, Ort70
Mentioned in the cartouche of the third Hannonia map as its maker, Ort71
Surhonius, Jacobus (not Johannes as the cartouche says) was the maker of the Artois map, Ort72
Mentioned in the cartouche as the maker of the Artois map Ort73
Sweertius, Franciscus (16th/17th century) was a prominent citizen of Antwerp and a good friend of Ortelius. He wrote a necrology which appeared in all editions of the Theatrum which appeared after Ortelius’ death.
Mentioned in the cartouche as the person to whom the Inferioris Germaniæ map is dedicated, Ort59
Sydney, Henry (16th century), Governor of Wales, is the person to whom Ortelius dedicated his map of Russia (Ort162) as is stated in its cartouche.
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Russiæ map as the person to whom this map has been dedicated, Ort162.
Syffridus see Petrus Suffridus.
Sylburg, Friedrich (1536-1596) was a German classical scholar and philologist who edited the syllabus "Institutiones in græcam linguam" of Nicolaas Cleynaerts (1495-1542) in 1580.
Sylvester, Gyraldus (16th century) of Paris worked most of his life, i.e. from 1528 to 1571 in Antwerp and specialised in the cutting and printing of woodblocks.
Ort21.8.
Sylvius, Æneas see Æneas Sylvius.
Symmachius see Symmachus.
Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius (340-402 A.D.) was a pagan consul of Rome in 391 and a nobleman, regarded by his contemporaries as an outstanding orator and prose stylist. His eloquence was characterised by Macrobius as rich and florid. His correspondence of over 900 letters, published by his son in ten books include "Letter to Flavianus" (Ort192). He was addressed by Prudentius (Ort209). His works were annotated by Francis Iuret (Ort222).
Ort193.58, 196.46, 209.13;
Letter to his brother Flavius or Flavianus: Ort190.9, 190.44, 192.18;
Addressed by Prudentius: Ort209.4;
Annotated by Francis Iuret: Ort222.5.
Symphorian Champier see Champier
Symphorianus Champier see Champier Symphorian.
Synesius (abt. 370-abt. 412 A.D.) was a bishop of Cyrene, Libya who wrote many works, including"Oration De Dono" (Ort210) and as many as 156 letters, including "Letter to Euoptius" (Ort222).
Ort192.56;
Oration De Dono: Ort210.11;
Letter to Euoptius: Ort222.21.