Alphabetical index of Ortelius’
carto-bibliographical sources and his contemporary friends and
source/communicators. These occur on his loose maps, starting with his 8-sheet
world map (1564), in the on recto and
verso map texts of the various
Theatrum editions, its Synonymia (1570-1575). Nomenclator Ptolemaicus (from 1579L onwards), in the
laudatory poems introducing the Theatrum,
and in the Catalogus Auctorum of his Theatrum. Further sources and friends
mentioned in his Album Amicorum, in letters from and to Ortelius, his Synonymia
(1578), Thesaurus (1587,1596), Itinerarium (1584), his Deorum Dearumque Capita,
and his Aurei Saeculi Imago. His booklet on fish ponds, mentioned on th map of
Introduction to this index of
sources and friends:
This index is ordered alphabetically by author and/or friend with a
connection to Ortelius. In the very short biographical introduction of each
author, the book or books written by this author are mentioned, with an
indication specifying by Ortelius-number in which Ortelius map-texts or elsewhere in Ortelius’ writings reference
is made to this author. If the author is mentioned on a map itself, this is
also indicated. Not only cartobibliographic sources from the maps and on verso texts are contained in this
list, but also Ortelius’ correspondents and friends, as specified in letters
from him and to him (more than 300 letters, as provided by Hessels), his “Album
Amicorum”, and his “Itinerarium” of 1584. The “Synonymia”, appended to the
Theatrum from 1570L, extended with each edition to 1575L was replaced by a
separate publication in 1578 called “Synonymia”. This was again extended and renamed as “Thesaurus” and
published separately in 1587 and in
1596. The result is the list of sources given below, containing about 231,000
words, in the form of authors and their books, not unlike the “Catalogus
Auctorum” in the “Theatrum”
Greek names appear mosty in their latinised forms, following Ortelius’
custom. Latin names appear in a variety of forms, depending on the language of on verso map text. For better
recognisability, they appear in their original Latin forms, rather than their
inconsistent anglicized forms.
After that, specific references to on verso map-text and paragraph
number of that text are given in a separate section and in Courier font which
differs from the standard Times Roman, below the short biography and
bibliography of the author. In this section, the first group of references
consists of those where the author is mentioned on the mapsheet or in the text
on its back without any mention of the book to which reference is made. The
second set consists of references where Books and Chapters of a work of the
author in question are given, but where Ortelius does not give the name of the
work. Usually this can be inferred from other information provided. The third
set of references refers to specific works, of which the title is given. Not
all three categories occur for all authors.
In the case where an author has only written one book, or in the case
where only one book of the author survives, the list of references to the text,
the list of references where books and chapters are mentioned, but not the
title of the book, and the list of references mentioning the book, all refer to
the same book. But often, the situation is not so clear. When an author is
known by more than one book, it can often not be determined when a book number
and often a chapter number is given in the reference to which book by this
author that reference refers.
I have refrained from checking all the sources in the originals, which
often come in many different forms.
Note also that there is often variation in the naming of authors and in
the spelling of their names. Further, sometimes the first name precedes the
last name, sometimes it is not clear what is the first name and what the last.
Leander Albertus and Pomponius Mela are examples.Also, the same author may be
referred to under quite different names, e.g. Volaterranus is also called
Maffeius. Therefore, many cross-references are provided, guiding the reader to
a different name or spelling in this index pointing to the same author.
Finally, many documents are mentioned which have no clear author. These
may be church councils or synods, saints lives, works in which many authors
participated, “libri” without an author, the most quoted being “Liber
Notitiarum”, or “Antoninus’ Augustus Itinerarium”, and hundreds of anonymous
manuscripts. Coins have also been incorporated provided that the at least the
picture on one side and perhaps inscription on the other are mentioned. Books
which Ortelius bought from Plantin, if recognisable, have also been included,
based on Denuce (1912) but most of Ortelius’ books were bought elsewhere,
including the Frankfurt book fair, and many books were exchanged between
Ortelius and his friends and correspondents. Inscriptions in stone have not
been included, since their location is almost invariably unclear. The reference
to Op de Beeck and De Coster (2006) refers to their article “Books and bindings
from the library of Abraham Ortelius” which appeared in “Bibliophiles et
reliures, Mélanges offerts à Michel Wittock, p. 374-409. It describes 71 books
in libraries in
Index
Abbas, Arnoldus, died
in 1211 or 1214, was a clergyman of Lübeck who wrote “Chronicon Slavorum”,
mentioned once as a source in lemma VRBS VETVS of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus (1587,
1596).
Abbas Ursbergensis,
Conradus , fl. 13th c., wrote “Chronicon” (1212). Ortelius refers to
him once as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578) and “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in
the lemma DVRLACVM.
Ab Heila, Petrus or
Værheila or Verheyl, fl. late 16th c., of Brugge was a lawyer and
friend of Jacob Cools junior and Monau. He wrote a letter to Ortelius from
Abidenus, fl. 4th
c. BC., was the teacher of Aristoteles. He is quoted by Eusebius, who in turn
is quoted by Ortelius once as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1578) and once in
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma ACRACANUS.
Abulfeda or Abylfeda
or Ismael ibn Ali,
Ort1.25, 2.25, 3.28.
Accius, died in 80
AD., was a Roman tragedy writer. His “Thebaide” is mentioned as a source in
lemma CIRCÆVS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Accolti, or Accoltus,
Benedetto,15th c., an Italian author, wrote “De bello
Hierosolymitani”, referred to by Ortelius as an anonymous source in lemmas
ASSVR, PTOLEMAIS and SIDON of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Accursius, Mariangelus
or Mariangelo Accursio, 1490 – 1546, of Aquila in the kingdom of Naples was a humanist
at the court of Charles V who wrote among other things “Osci et Volsci Dialogus
Ludis Romanis Actus”, Rome, 1513. He is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and occurs once in the text. In
Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 24 times as a source, and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) 28 times. Accursius quotes Ammianus, as in lemmas MARABIVS of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). Ortelius had at
least two copies of Accursius, as stated in lemma VESSALIENSIS of “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596).
Achilles Statius or
Statius Alexandrinus, 1st c. BC?, was a Greek author whose work was
translated into Latin as “De Leucippe et Clitophonte & alia amatoria libri
VIII”, edited by Cruceius. Ortelius refers to this work 3 times in lemmas
NICHOCIS, ORODOPES and SYROS of his “Thesaurus”(1587, 1596) and in lemmas
ALEXANDRIA, and also in lemmas PHAROS, SIDON and STYX of “Thesaurus” (1596) as
“Amatoria” and “Amorum”.
Achior, biblical
legend, note that in Ortelius’ view the bible was by definition the Latin
Vulgate Catholic bible, not the Jewish or Protestant one, was supposedly a
general in the army of Holofernes serving Nebucadnezar, king of the Assyrians.
Holofernes was slain by the Jewish heroine Judith, according to the book of
Judith in the bible. Achior is reported to have become a Jewish proselite
afterwards. “Story of Judith and Holofernes” (Ort182)
Story of Judith and Holofernes:
Ort182.2.
Acidalius, Valens,
1567 – 1595, was a humanist from Neissen, Germany, who wrote comments on
Plautus. This work was presented in manuscript form to Ortelius in 1597
(Hessels 302) by Scultetus for possible publication. Monau calls him to
Ortelius (Hessels 242) “our friend”.
Acontius, Jacobus or
Jacopo Acontio, 7 September 1492 – around 1566, was an Italian jurist,
theologian, philosopher and engineer. He is now known for his contribution to
the history of religious toleration. He lived for some time with Ortelius’
nephew Emanuel van Meteren and seems to have been connected to Ortelius, who
introduced a friend to him in 1567. His book “Satanae Strategemata” (1565)
argued that confessionalisation was the devil’s means to obscure the truths of
Christianity.
Acosta, José d’,
1539-1600, from Medina del Campo, Spain,
belonged to the Jesuits and worked for a long time as a missionary in the West
Indies. His work has ethnical, historical and geographical significance. He
wrote “Historia natural y moral de las Indas” (Sevilla, Spain 1590, 1591,
Madrid 1604), translated into Italian by Paolo Galucci, Venice, 1604, and into
French by Robert Regnault, Paris, 1596. Further “De Natura Novi Orbis lib. II”
(Ort11,12; also mentioned as a source in lemmas OPHIR and THARSIS (but there
withour mentioning the author) of “Thesaurus” (1596), Salamanca. Spain 1589,
1595, and “De Procuranda Indorum Salute Libri VI”, Cologne, 1596.
De Natura Novi Orbis: Ort11.28;
Bk.1, ch.17 Ort12.26, 12.50;
Acron, son of Xenon fl. 5th c. BC., was an
eminent Greek physician born at Agrigentum. From Sicily he went to Athens,
where he opened a philosophical school
(εσοφίστευεν). It is
said that he was in that city during the great plague (430 BC), and that large
fires for the purpose of purifying the air were kindled in the streets by his
direction, which proved of great service to several of the sick. It
should however be borne in mind that there is no mention of this in Thucydides
and, if it is true that Empedocles or Simonides (who died in 467 BC) wrote the
epitaph on Acron, it may be doubted whether he was in Athens at all during the
plague. On his return to his native country, the physician asked the senate for
a spot of ground where he might build a family tomb. The request was refused at
the suggestion of Empedocles, who conceived that such a grant for such a
purpose would interfere with the principle of equality he was anxious to
establish at Agrigentum. Ortelius refers to him 16 times as a source in his
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 20 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). Acron is quoted by
Horatius, as in lemma ARITIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) , DANVBIVS of “Thesaurus”
(1596), LIRIS, SATYRIVM and TANAIS of
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). Acron is mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’
“Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Adalgarius, 10th
c., was bishop in Bremen. He is mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma BRVMENSIS, referring to the council of
Triburia in Franconia, Germany, of 895.
Adam de la Planche see
Planche, Adam de la.
Adamæus,
Theodo(ri)cus, died in 1541, of Schwallenberg in Gelria has, next to his
edition of Procopius, also written “De ædificiis Iustiniani Imp. De Rhodo
insula” (publication details unknown) (Ort147, 174; Ortelius refers to this
work as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578)). Adamæus is mentioned as a source
in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and occurs 8 times
in its text, and also 8 times in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Ort147.20, 147.36, 174.4.
Adam see Adamus.
Adams see Adamus.
Adamus, Franciscus of
Bremen, died in about 1081, was a scholar and archbishop in Bremen/Hamburg and
the first German geographer. He wrote a Church History of Hamburg entitled
“Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiæ pontificum” (Ort85,86,93,161; also in lemma LETA
of “Thesaurus” (1596)), of which book 4 is called “De situ Daniæ”. His
“Historia ecclesiastica” is mentioned 4 times as a source in lemmas LINGONES,
OBOTRITÆ, SLAVI and VINVLI of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and 8 times,
e.g. in SALVIA and VISVRIGIS of “Thesaurus” (1596). Adamus was the first writer
to mention Norse discoveries in America (Vinland) and played a role in the conversion
of people in the Nordic countries.
Ecclesiastical History: Ort86.6,
86.10, 161.2, 200.63, Bk.1: Ort93.3.
Adgerius or Aggerus,
Cornelius Antverpianus, Leeuwarden abt. 1520 - after 1595, was a Frisian
mathematician, surveyor and cartographer who worked in Cologne and who
published a map of the archbishopric of Cologne in 1583. He is mentioned in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1584 onwards. He wrote to Ortelius
(Hessels 119) about the siege of Leiden in 1574.
Ado, (St.?), 800 –
875, of Vienne was brought up at the Benedictine abbey of Ferrières and became
a monk there. He made a pilgrimage to Rome where he remained for five years. He
published a “Martyrology” in 858 and
was appointed pastor of the church of St. Roman near Vienne and later
archbishop of Vienne in France, referred to by Ortelius in his “Thesaurus”
(1587) 11 times and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 20 times as a source, of which in
lemma SIRICINIVM his “Martyrology” specifies Ado’s “Saint Leodegarium”, in
lemma TYRVS his “Saint Christina” and in lemma VERANVS his “Saint Laurentius”.
This “Martyrologia” is mentioned 7 times as a source in “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596), e.g. in lemmas PRISCINICVM, SAMOS, SIRICINIVM, TYRO, TYRVS and
also in VRGO of “Thesaurus” (1596). In 870 he also published a chronicle based
on that of Florus of Lyon called “Chronicon de VI Aetatibus Mundi” referred to by Ortelius in the
Holsatiae maps (Ort87, Ort92; also in lemma MAXIMIANOPOLIS of “Thesaurus”
(1596)). He is also mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
“Synonymia” (1578) and twice in its text.
Ort38.5, 38.13, 87.6, 92.7.
Adrianus, Alphonsus see Alphonsus, Adrianus.
Adrianus Turnebus or Adrien Turnèbe or
Tournèbe,
1512 - 12 June 1565, was a French classical scholar.Turnebus was born at Les
Andelys in Normandy. At the age of twelve he was sent to Paris to study, and
attracted great notice by his remarkable scholarly abilities. After having held
the post of professor of “belles-lettres”
in the University of Toulouse, in 1547 he returned to Paris as professor of
Greek at the College Royal. In 1562 he exchanged this post for a professorship
in Greek philosophy. In 1552 he was entrusted with the printing of the Greek
books at the royal press, in which he was assisted by his friend, Guillaume
Morel. Joseph Justus Scaliger was his pupil. His works chiefly consist of
philological dissertations, commentaries on Aeschylus, Sophocles, Theophrastus,
Philo and portions of Cicero, and translations of Greek authors into Latin and
French. His son Étienne published his complete works in three volumes,
Strasbourg, 1600, and his son Adrien published his “Adversaria”, containing explanations and emendations of numerous
passages by classical authors. He is mentioned once as a source in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L) also in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of “Synonymia” (1578), but not in its text. In “Thesaurus”
(1587) he is 21 times as a source, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) he is mentioned 48
times as a source.
Adrichom, Christaan
van, 1533-1585, was a theologian and surveyor from Delft, the Netherlands, who
lived and died in Cologne. His works “Ierusalem, et suburbia eius sicut tempore
Christi floruit..”, Cologne, 1588, and “Theatrum Terrae Sanctae” (Cologne 1590)
(Ort72) were often reprinted. He is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
the “Theatrum” from 1592 onwards. In lemma BETHSAMES of “Thesaurus” (1596)
Adrichom is mentioned as a source.
Ort72.19, 172.19
Adurno, Emmanuel Joseph,
fl. late 16th c., was a Spaniard, friend of Moflinius, who worked at
the Spanish court as physician. He also collected coins and wrote to Ortelius
in 1584 (Hessels 139).
Ægidius Martinus see
Martinus, Ægidius.
Ægidius, Tschudi see
Tschudi, Ægidius.
Aecken, van, Cornelis
Claeszoon see Aquanius.
Ælianus, Claudius,
abt. 170 - 240 AD., came from Italy but wrote in Greek, which was translated
into Latin. His most important works are “De Varia Historia (e.g. Lyon 1553),
anecdotes about famous personalities (Ort186,193,196,200,213,214,216,231;
referred to twice as a source by Ortelius in his “Synonymia” (1578), 107 times
in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 180 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) where he is
sometimes called “fabulosum”, [mendacious]. He also wrote a natural history
with many fantastic details including many excerpts from earlier authors called
“De Animalibus” (Ort12,193,203,210,212,224; 206, quoting Theopompus), also
mentioned 7 times as a source in “Synonymia” (1578), 54 times in “Thesaurus”
(1587), 81 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) and once in “Deorum Dearum (1573). In
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) reference is made 3 times to his edition of
Valturius’ “De re militari”, e.g. in lemma AMPHIPPI, TARENTVM and TVNATENSIVM.
He is also mentioned as a source once in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
“Synonymia” (1570), but not in “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L), and again in
the “Catalogus Auctorum” and texts of “Synonymia” (1578), occurring 22 times in
the text. In Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) his “Variarum Historiae” is
referred to as a source twice, again with the qualification “fabulosum” in
lemma ANOSTOS and BERBICCÆ. Altogether he is mentioned 107 times as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 180 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). In “Deorum Dearum”
(1573) Ortelius refers 4 times to Aelianus as a source.
Mentioned once on map sheet
Ort222; further in texts Ort16.33, 117.5, 118.5, 124.15, 190.7, 190.42, 192.16,
193.26, 193.54, 196.49, 199.31, 200.31, 203.18, 203.24, 203.27, Ort204.5,
204.10, 205.5, 205.10, 210.8, 212.21-23, 216.4, 216.20, 216.24, 216.32, 216.33,
217.4, 217.5, 217.11, 217.23, 217.25, 217.30, 218.27, 220.2, 221.33, 221.39,
222.4, 224.46, 231.5;
De varia historia: Ort193.39,
196.94, 213.11, 216.46, Bk.2 Ch.5: Ort193.39, Bk.2 Ch.61 Ort200.61, Bk.3 Ch.1:
Ort231.7-13, Bk.3 Ch.14: Ort214.27, Bk.3, Ch.28: Ort186.10.
De Animalibus Bk.1 Ch.1:
Ort210.24, Bk.5 Ch.30: Ort224.58, Bk.7 Ch.12: Ort203.17, Ch.27: Ort193.59,
Bk.13, Ch.3: Ort12.10, 12.36, Bk.14, Ch.23: Ort212.25, Bk.16 Ch.34: Ort217.13;
Quoting Theopompus in De
Animalibus Bk.17, Ch.16: Ort206.10;
Quoting Silenus 189.15
Ælius, Antonius see Antonius Ælius.
Ælius,
Aristides see Aristides, Ælius.
Aelius Festus Aphthonius was a Latin
grammarian of the 3rd or 4th century, possibly of African
origin, and considered to be one of the most important classical rhetoricians.
He wrote a metrical handbook “De
Metris”, in four books, which was added to the “Ars Grammatica” of Gaius Marius Victorinus sometime before 400,
but not by Victorinus himself. He is referred to as a source once in “Deorum
Dearum” (1573).
Ælius, Gallus see Gallus, Ælius
Ælius Lampridius see
Lampridius, Ælius.
Ælius Pollux see
Pollux, Ælius.
Ælius Pertinax,
emperor, 126 – 193, was born in Alba Pompeia, the current Alba (Cuneo) in the
Langhe. Acclaimed emperor before January 193, he was murdered on March 28 of
that year. He is mentioned once as a source in lemma PELVSIVM of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Ælius, Spartianus see
Antonius Ælius Spartianus
Æmilius, Marcus
Scauro, c. 163 - 88 BC,
was a Roman statesman and a member of a
great patrician family which had sunk into obscurity. Having served in the army
in Spain and Sardinia, he became aedile, praetor and consul in 115. During his
consulship he celebrated a triumph for his victory over certain Alpine tribes.
In 112 he was one of the commissioners sent to Africa to arrange the dispute
between Jugurtha and Adherbal. In 109 Scaurus was censor, constructed the Via
Aemilia and restored the Mulvian bridge. Ortelius refers to him twice in the
lemmas GANTISCI and MOGLINTENSIS of his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Æmilius, Paulus
Veronensis, 16th century, wrote “Historia delle cose di Francia”,
Tramezzino, (Venice, 1549), translated as “De rebus gestis Gallorum libri IX”,
(Paris 1550), a French history (Ort 44,45,53). Ortelius’ copy of this book,
autographed, is now in the University library of Ghent as reported by Op de
Beeck and De Coster (2006). Æmilius is mentioned 5 times as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 3 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in lemmas
SEPTVMANI and TRACTARI.
French History: Ort44.4, 45.4,
53.20, 54.9
Æmilius Probus,1st
century BC, edited the only surviving work of Cornelius Nepos, “Excellentium Imperatorum Vitae”,
which appeared in the reign of Theodosius I. Probus presented it to the emperor
with a dedication in Latin verse. He claims it to have been the work of his
mother or father (the manuscripts vary) and his grandfather. Despite the
obvious questions (such as why is the preface addressed to someone named Atticus
when the work was supposedly dedicated to Theodosius), no one seemed to have
doubted Probus's authorship. Eventually Peter Cornerus discovered in a
manuscript of Cicero's letters the biographies of Cato and Atticus. He added
them to the other existing biographies, despite the fact that the writer speaks
of himself as a contemporary and friend of Atticus, and that the manuscript
bore the heading “E libro posteriore
Cornelii Nepotis” [from the last book of Cornelius Nepos]. At last
Dionysius Lambinus’s edition of 1569 bore a commentary demonstrating on
stylistic grounds that the work must have been of Nepos alone, and not written
by Æmilius Probus. This view has been tempered by more recent scholarship,
which agrees with Lambinus that they are the work of Nepos, but that Probus
probably abridged the biographies when he added the verse dedication. Ortelius
bought a work by Probus printed in 1568 from Plantin in 1586, and again in
1597. Probus is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and occurs once in its text. He does not occur as a source
in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)
Æneas, Sylvius
Piccolomini, 1405 – 1464, from Consignano near Siena, Italy, was a diplomat,
man of letters and he was crowned poet laureate by Frederick III of Germany. He
became Pope Pius II in 1458. He is the author of a geographical-historical
lexicon of Europe called “De Europa”
(Ort93,99,100,102,105,106,143,152,153,168,169), published in Memmingen, 1490
and a cosmography “Cosmographia vel de mundo universo historiarum” published
inVenice, 1477, one volume only. It deals mainly with Asia, which is thought to
have influenced Columbus. He also wrote “Historia Friderici III” (Ort106) which
contains a history of Austria and Bohemia (Ort 101,104) and a description of
Vienna, as well as an “Epistula ad Mahumetum” (Ort105,106) (1470, Cologne), an
attempt to convert the Turkish ruler to Christianity. He was an influential
writer, well known because of his work “De duobus amantibus”, a love story set
in Siena telling of the beautiful Lucretia, unhappily married to the wealthy
Menelaus, and her lover Euryalus, a German official travelling in the entourage
of emperor Sigismund. Sylvius’ Æneas is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum”
as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and altogether 3 times in its text.
In Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), Sylvius’ “Vita Sancta Wenceslai” is
mentioned as a source in the lemma BIZENIA. His map of Genua, often referred to
as copper plate from Genua is mentioned 13 times as source in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587) e.g. in the lemma BOPLO and 31 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Altogether, he is referred to as a source 13 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 34
times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort4.6, 5.7, 93.7, 93.22, 101.9,
101.22, 102.13, 103.13, 107.2, 108.2, 109.7, 111.6, 112.6, 114.8, 126.11,
137.33, 148.4, 149.8, 149.18, 155.16, 193.33, 193.56, 218.25;
History of Bohemia: Ort101.6,
104.10, 104.60;
Description of Europe: Ort100.4,
102.4, 102.5, 105.7, 105.9, 106.7, 106.9, 143.4, 143.8, 152.7, 153.7, Ch.4:
Ort168.8, 169.8, Ch. 23: Ort99.4; Epistles: Ort105.7, 106.7;
Historia Austriaca: Ort106.9.
Ænicola see Putsch.
Æschines, Athens, 390
BC - Rhodos, 314 BC., Greek: Αἰσχίνης was a Greek orator and
envoy involved in politics, and a contemporary of Demosthenes. Three of his
orations have survived, one of which was “Oration against Ctesiphon” to which
Ortelius refers 6 times as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 8 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596). His “Epistles” (Ort216) are incorrectly attributed to him
and probably date from the 2nd century BC. Ortelius refers to these
“Epistles” as a source 5 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in which he is
mentioned as source altogether 9 times. In lemmas AETAEI of “Thesaurus” (1596),
ALPONOS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and AMPHYCTIONES of “Thesaurus” (1596), his
“Oratio De falsa legatione” [Oration against the false deputee] is mentioned as
a source. Altogether Æschines is mentioned 16 times as a source in “Thesaurus”
(1587) and 27 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Epistle: Ort216.45.
Æschylus, c. 525 - 456
BC., is the first of the great Greek tragedy writers, the other two being
Sophocles and Euripides. He fought in the Greek army against the Persians. His
tragedies won him 13 victories over competitors, the first dating from 484 BC.
He is supposed to have written 90 tragedies, 79 titles of which are still
known, but only 7 survive: “The Persians” (mentioned as a source in lemmas
CISSINVS and SILENIARVM of “Thesaurus” (1596)), “Seven against Thebe”, “The
supplicants”, “Prometheus Bound” to which Ortelius refers as a source in his
“Synonymia” (1578), 8 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 11 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596) and “Oresteia”, consisting of “Agamemnon” (mentioned in
lemmas ESCHATIOTIS, SAPYSELATVM and
THESPIA of “Thesaurus” (1596), “Choephoroi” and “Eumenides”, (Ort189; also in
lemma PLISTVS of “Thesaurus” (1596)). He is also mentioned via Plinius as a
source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of “Synonymia” (1578) and occurs 3 times in
its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is altogether mentioned 14 times as a
source. In lemma GYPIÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596) his “Supplicibus” is mentioned as
a source. Altogether he is mentioned as a source 30 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596). Æschylus is mentioned twice as a source in “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Ort189.20.
Æsopus, 6th
century BC, is best known for his “Fables”, which have not survived in their
original form in Greek, but only through Demetrius of Phaleron, c. 300 BC. The
first printed edition of Æsopus' fables appeared in Latin in 1479, Verona, and
many editions followed, such as the 1485 edition in Latin and Italian in
Naples, the 1491-93 edition of Paris, and many more. He is referred to in the
text of Ort222.
Ort222.5.
Æthicus, Ister, most
probably also known as Vergilius from Salzburg, died in 784, wrote a
“Cosmography” in the form of a travel report around 768. Ortelius deservedly
calls him an author of dubious reputation (Ort193.9). In lemma ALCAEOS of
“Thesaurus” (1596) he is called “ignobilis” [insignificant].and in lemma TAVRVS
“auctor monstrosorum vocabularum” [the author of monstrous words]. Ortelius
refers to his “Liber Sophista” twice in his “Synonymia” (1578). He is also
mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of “Synonymia” (1578) and
occurs 22 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he occurs 45 times as a
source. In lemma TEREDON of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) Ortelius describes Æthicus
as “si huic ulla fides” [if we can trust him at all]. In “Thesaurus” (1596) he
is altogether mentioned 21 times as a source.
Æthicus is twice mentioned on
mapsheet Ort190, once on mapsheet Ort191 and twice on mapsheet 192; further in
map texts: Ort3.19, 189.11, 192.59, 193.9, 204.7, 205.7, 209.14, 209.18,
232.21.
Æthicus Sophista, late
16th century, is referred to by Ortelius in Ort3 and in the lemmas
BETORICÆ, GADARONITÆ, NINIVE, RIFARGICA, SIRCHINECE and ZVZA of “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596) as an author “not yet printed”. In lemma RIFARGICA Ortelius refers
to his work as a manuscript. Altogether he occurs 15 times as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 48 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). Aethicus quotes Orosius.
Ort3.19.
Ætius or Æthius Amidenus Medicus, 6th c.,
was a physician who wrote “Tetrabiblos, iatricorum libri viij” [4 books of
physicians]. Ortelius refers to him 5 times as a source in his “Thesaurus”
(1587) and 7 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596), e.g. in the lemmas AGARACES, AMIDA, BABYLON, GAGE and GOGYRICVM.
Afer, Dionysius, see
Dionysius Apher.
Afer or Afrus,
Optatus, 4th century AD., was
a bishop of Carthago. He is mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ in the text of
Ort123 and Ort203. He occurs as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in lemma
AVTVMNIANI and occurs altogether 15 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) as a source. In
“Thesaurus” (1596) he is mentioned 23 times as a source.
Ort123.10, 203.5.
Africanus Ioannes Leo,
see Leo Africanus.
Agatarchides see
Agathias.
Agatharchides see
Agathias.
Agathias, also
Agathius or Agatharchides, “the Greek”, 181 - 146 BC., was a Greek historian
and geographer who wrote treatises on Asia, Europe and the Red Sea in the style
of Thucydides. He also wrote a “History of Daphne” (Ort232; also mentioned as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)) and mentioned as the author of “De bello
Gothorum” in his “Synonymia” (1578) and “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), e.g. in lemma
TAVRESIVM. In lemmas MELETI of “Thesaurus” (1596) and PYTHICVS of “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596) Agathias’ “Proemius Historiae” [Introduction to history] is
mentioned as a source. Agathias is mentioned as a source 15 times in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578), 107 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 145 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Mentioned once on map sheet Ort
206; twice on Ort220; twice on Ort221;
In texts: Ort131.25, 196.40,
199.28, 199.72, 200.60, 200.64, 200.65, 217.2, 221.22, 224.9, 224.46, 224.48,
224.53, 224.54, Bk.5: Ort214.32, 214.38;
History of Daphne: Ort232.27.
Agathius see Agathias.
Agathyas, who died in 582, was a
Byzantine historian who wrote “De bello Gothorum et aliis peregrines historiis”
printed in Rome by Jacobo Mazochius in 1516. It begins where Procopius ends and
is our chief authority for the period 552-558. It deals principally with the
struggles of the Byzantine army, under the command of the eunuch Narses, against
the Goths, Vandals, Franks, and Persians. Gibbon contrasts Agathias as "a
poet and rhetorician" to Procopius "a statesman and soldier."
Ortelius refers to this work as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578) and
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Agellius, Antonius or Antonio Agellio, 1532 – 1608, was bishop of Aterno and a member of
the Theatines, born in Sorrento. He was an editor of the Clementine edition of
the Latin Vulgate. He is mentioned 5 times as a source in “Deorum Dearum”
(1573).
Aggere, Petrus ab, see Heyden,
Pieter van der.
Aggerius see Adgerus.
Agiulphus or
Adelphius, 5th c.?, was a king of the Longobards. Ortelius refers in
his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) to Agiulphus “Vita” in the lemma BLESENSE.
Agnellus, Andrea, around
800 AD, was an Italian historian from Ravenna, quoted by Rubeus in lemma
NAZAMBA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Agricola, Georg
Hammoniusor or Georg Pawer, Glauchau, March 24, 1494 – Chemnitz, Novenber 21,
1555 , was a German physician in Chemnitz and the father of mineralogy. He
wrote numerous works on minerals which were collectively published as “De re
metallica libri XII” (Basel in 1550, 1556 and 1558). A German edition appeared
in 1580, referred to by Ortelius (Ort96). He also wrote a book about the Itinerary
of the Blessed Mary (Ort 171, 172), Ingolstadt, 1560. Further, he wrote “Oratio
de bello adversus Turcam suscipiendo”, a copy of which Ortelius bought from
Plantin in 1595. Agricola is mentioned as a source in lemma HERMANDVRI of
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Itinerary of the Blessed Mary:
170.9, 171.8, 172.27;
Ort96.3.
Agrippa, Henricus
Cornelis von Nettesheim or Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, 1486 – 1535, of Cologne,
Germany was a prominent humanist and alchemist who wrote "De Occulta
Philosophia", 1510, expanded in 1533, and who travelled all over Western
Europe. His works are of importance but not very original, since he derived
much from Erasmus, Trithemius and Reuchlin. He was the model for Goethe's
Faust. He is mentioned in the text of Ort167, Persia. Ortelius refers to
Agrippa once in his “Synonymia” (1578) and once in his “Thesaurus” (1587).
Ort167.3.
Ailly see Alliacus.
Aimoin de Fleury see
Aimonus.
Aimonius or Aimonus or
Aimon or Ainon or Annonius Floriacensis or Monachus, from Gironde, France, 965
– 1010, was a Benedict monk and later abbot in Fleury, France, who wrote “Gesta
Regum Francorum” alias “Historia
Francorum” (1004), a “History of Franks”.Ortelius bought a copy of this work
from Plantin in 1583 and mentions it twice as a source in his “Thesaurus”
(1587) and 4 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), sometimes without mentioning its
author. Ortelius sometimes refers to it somewhat confusingly as “History of the
French”, (cf. Ort34,36,56,57 ) in 5 books, full of fables and legends which
stops in 654. It was published with comments by Ascencius, Paris,
Ort87.8, 92.17;
History of the Franks/French:
Ort34.8, 36.20, 56.7, 57.8
Ainon see Aimonius.
Aitzinger, Michaël,
1530 – 1598, was a historian and cartographer from Obereitzing, Upper Austria.
He wrote “Itinerarium Belgicum”, Cologne
1577, and was possibly responsible for “Itinerarium Orbis Christiani”, 1579-
Ort171.26, 172.19.
Alarchonius, Ferdinand
or Fernando de Alarcón, abt. 1500 - abt. 1542, was a Spaniard who joined
Vasquez’ expedition to the North American west coast (1540 - 1542) and reported
on the coasts there in “Relacion del descrubriemiento de la siete cividades”
which Ramusio included in his compilations. He occurs in the map texts of
Ort9,10 and 11.
Ort9.40, 10.40, 11.43.
Alarcon see
Alarchonius.
Albacarius or
Albuquerque, died in 1515, is a Portuguese author who wrote 114 Letters
(Ort149) about the Indies to the King of Portugal. He is also mentioned as a
source in map text Ort194.
Ort194.30; Letters: Ort149.14,
149.24.
Albategnius or Albatani, fl. 9th c., was a
Syrian prince; able and willing to spend wealth on costly observatories
established at Aracte and also at Antioch. The result of his labours is
contained in a treatise on the science of the stars and their motions. In
trigonometry, he introduced an important innovation: the use of the semi-chord
of the double arc for the chords employed by Hipparchus and Ptolemy. This
semi-chord was called in Arabic “gib”. pleat or fold, translated into
Latin as “sinus”. The introduction of the sine simplified the labour of
calculations. Of the other trigonometrical lines, the tangent appears to have
been known to him, but not used; the cosine and secant were of later invention.
In astronomy, by repeating with greater accuracy and better instruments the
observations recorded by Ptolemy, determined the annual amount of precession as
54", instead of 36"; a very much nearer approximation to the true
amount. The year as fixed by him was two minutes and a half too short, an error
much smaller than that of Hipparchus. Ortelius refers to Albategnius once as a
source in his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) via Monteregius.
Albenas see De Poldo Albenas.
Albenatus see De Poldo
Albenas.
Albericus de Rosate, 1290 – 1360, was born in Rosciate, near Bergamo,
around 1290. He studied law in Padua under Oldradus da Ponte and Riccardus
Malumbra. He studied also under Ranieri di Forlì and received advice and help
from Bartolo da Sassoferrato. In the second decade of 1300 he came back to
Bergamo: there he practiced - but never taught - law and was actively involved
in the civil life of his city, particularly as reformer of the statutes in 1331
and 1333, and as ambassador to the papal court in Avignon, in 1335, 1337-1338
and 1340-41. He died in Bergamo in 1360. Albericus’ dictionary “Dictionarium
Iuris tam Civilis quam Canonici”, was considered essential for jurists and law students
for hundreds of years, and directly influenced all legal lexicography that
followed. It was first printed in
Alberius, Claudius or Claude Auberi, fl. late 16th c., was a
professor in Lausanne who wrote “De terrae motu oratio”, published in Bern in
1585. Ortelius bought a copy of this work from Plantin in 1586.
Albertus, Leander also
called Leander Albertus or just Albertus or Leander or Alberti, 1479 – 1552, of
Italy was a Franciscan monk and historiographer in Bologna who wrote an
influential work describing Italy, called “Descrittione di tutta Italia”
(Ort117,118,120,121,122,125,129,131,137,140; also in lemma FLVENTIA of
“Thesaurus” (1596) printed in Bologna, 1550, Venice 1551, 1553, 1561, 1568,
1577 and 1581. It contained 7 maps viz. Toscane (referred to as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Lake Thirenno,
Isole vicine a Napoli, Isole del Mare Adriatico and and Venetia. It was
published in a Latin translation by Wilhelm Kyriander in Cologne in 1567. It is
very frequently referred to in all “Synonymia” and “Thesauri”, e.g. in lemmas
METAVROS, MOLYBODES and SPIRACVLA of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). Leander also
quotes “Commentaries of Augustinus Iustinianus on Corsica” (Ort137) and he also
quotes Aelianus. He and his maps of Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily in the booklet
“De Insulis Italicis” was first included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” in 1573L.
Leander and (sometimes) his “Italia and its islands” are mentioned 1055 times
as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L), and 1067 times in “Synonymia”
(1571L), 1133 times in “Synonymia (1573L, 1574L, 1575L) and further in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), sometimes referring to
his book “Description of Italy” and its maps of Italy. He is altogether
mentioned 551 times in “Synonymia” (1578), 513 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and
602 times in Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort117.5, 117.33, 117.41, 118.5,
118.41, 119.3, 119.11, 123.10, 124.7, 124.27, 126.11, 127.7, 127.9, 128.8,
129.14b, 129.14c, 130.6, 130.13, 130.21, 132.10, 132.12, 133.9, 133.15, 133.17,
137.18, 137.36, 138.3, 139.9, 141.5, 141.13, 143.9, 143.16, 210.26;
Description of Italy: Ort120.8,
121.8, 121.16, 122.8. 125.2, 125.7, 129.14, 140.8;
Quoting Aretino in “Italy”:
Ort131.7, 131.17;
Quoting the Commentaries of
Augustinus Iustinianus On Corsica: Ort137.26;
Quoting Johannes Georgius
Tristinus: 124.16.
Albertus Magnus, 1193
– 1280, was a saint who wrote “Liber de causis proprietatum elementorum” [on
the causes of the properties of elements], mentioned twice as a source in
lemmas ERTE and GEMON of “Thesaurus” (1596), where Ortelius says that this work
is incorrectly attributed to Aristoteles, without mentioning Magnus.
Albertus Stadensis or
Hildebert, before 1200 – after 1264, archbishop of Tours, France, wrote
“Carmina”, “Hymns”, “De nativitate Christu” and “Troilus”. He is mentioned 5
times as a source, e.g. in lemmas AMRINVM and SEMBOS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Albinovanus, Pedo, fl.
around 20 AD., was a Roman poet and friend of Ovidius, who wrote “Elegiae et
Fragmenta”, who edited Seneca and who was in turn edited and published by
Scaliger in 1590. He is mentioned once as a source in lemma OPHIR of
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Albinus, Petrus
Nivemontius, 16th century, was a professor in Wirtenberg and a
historiographer. He wrote a “Meissen Chronicle”, Würtemberg, 1580; also
mentioned once in lemma VANDALI of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)), further
“Historia Thuringorum” and “Commentatiuncula de Walachia”, Würtemberg, 1587).
His “Novae Saxonum Historiae Progymnasmata” Würtemberg, 1585, with Ortelius’ inscription
is now in the Royal Library of Brussels, as reported by Op de Beeck and De
Coster (2006). He is 6 times mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587) and 5 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), e.g
in the lemmas ELYSII and HERMANDVRI.
96.11, 193.53.
Albricus
Philosophus,late 15th c., was an Italian author who wrote “De deorum
Imaginibus” Rome, 1490, Basel, 1543, mentioned as a source in the preface of
“Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Albricus see also
Albacarius.
Alcæus of Messene, Greek: Ἀλκαῖος was the
Greek author of 22 epigrams in the “Greek Anthology”, from some of which the
date may be easily established at around the late 3rd/early 2nd century BC. He
was contemporary with Philip V, king of Macedonia and son of Demetrius II of
Macedonia, against whom several of his epigrams are pointed, apparently on the
basis of patriotic feelings. Ortelius
refers to Alcæus once in his “Synonymia” (1578) and once in “Thesaurus” (1587).
Alciatus, Andrea, 1492
– 1550, was an Italian lawyer who wrote “Index Embemata” about emblems, first
printed in Augsburg, 1531. Ortelius refers to his “Annotationes” on Tacitus’
“Germania” twice as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578), twice in his
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 3 times, e.g. in lemmas ALPES and VITELLIANVM of
“Thesaurus” (1596). Alciatus is quoted by Fabritius, as indicated in lemma
SARNVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). In “Deorum Dearum” (1573) Alciatus’
“Emblemata” is mentioned twice as a source.
Alcibiades, c.450 -
404 BC., was a Greek politician and army commander, raised by his uncle
Pericles. He was a follower of Socrates. He was briljant and ambitious, but
also ruthless. He is mentioned as a source in the map text of Ort186.
Ort186.10.
Alcuinus or Alcimus or
Alkuin, Latinus , c. 735 – 804, of York was an Anglo-Saxon scholar and
librarian who worked at the court of Charles the Great and wrote “De litteris
Colendis”, [On the study of letters], as well as some dialogues with
Charlemagne (Ort131). He merged ecclesiastical and profane scholarship. He is
also mentioned as a source in the text of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and
occurs once in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he also occurs once in its text,
and in “Thesaurus” (1596) also once, in lemma SONNICI.
Histories of Charles: Ort131.4.
Aldinus, late 15th
c., was an Italian scholar who edited an edition of Homerus, which was first
published in Venice in 1504. Ortelius refers to his codex 19 as a source in his
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596), e.g. in the lemmas BONCHNÆ and DAGALASSVS. He also
edited and published Solinus, to which Ortelius refers as a source in lemma
HIBERNIA of his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and Antoninus, to which Ortelius
refers in lemmas MENDICVLEA and SAMOSATA of his “Thesaurus” (1587) and in
lemmas CECILIONI, HERMONTHIS, MENDICVLEA, NOVÆ and SAMOSATA of “Thesaurus”
(1596). Altogether he is mentioned 15 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587)
and 28 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Aldo Manutio see
Manutius, Aldus.
Aldroando or
Aldrovandi, Ulysses, 1522 – 1607, of Bologna, Italy was an archeologist and
collector who published “Le Antichità della città di Roma”, Venice, 1556,
mainly dealing with statues from antiquity. He did this with the help of Maurus
Lucius. Ortelius refers to this work as a source in the preface of “Deorum
Dearum” (1573). He is also mentioned in the map text of Ort129.
Ort129.17.
Aldus Manutius, see
Manutius, Aldus.
Alemannus, Hermannus, who died in 1272, translated
Arabic philosophical works into Latin. He worked in Toledo from approximately
1240 to 1256 and is almost certainly to be identified with the Hermannus who
was bishop of Astorga in León from 1266 until his death. His translations have
been identified from prologues and colophons in the surviving manuscripts,
three of which are dated. They are: the Rhetoric, comprising the almost
complete text of Aristoteles interspersed with portions of Averroes’commentary
and short fragments from Avicenna and Alfarabi. In lemma PITYVSSÆ of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587) and in lemmas EVRYSICHEÆ and PITYVSSÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596),
Alemannus is referred to as a source. He quotes Stephanus Byzantinus and
Strabo.
Aleotti, Giovanni Baptista, 1546 – 1636, also called
Argenta, was an architect and surveyor who made a single sheet map of the
Ferrara area in 1603 which was the model for Vrients’ Ferrara map (Ort133). He
is also mentioned in the map text of Ort129.
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the Ferrara map as its maker, Ort133; further in the map text Ort129.17.
Alexander, Andreas see
Andreas Alexander.
Alexander Citolinus
see Citolinus.
Alexander Cornelius, surnamed Polyhistor, fl.
about 70 BC., was a Greek grammarian, born at Miletus or Myndus in Caria. He
was taken prisoner in the Mithridatic war by Sulla, from whom (or from
Cornelius Lentulus) he received his freedom and assumed the name Cornelius. He
accompanied Crassus on his Parthian campaigns, and perished at the destruction
by fire of his house at Laurentum. He is said to have written "books
without number, chiefly on historical and geographical subjects”. Of the extant
fragments (see Müller: “Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum, iii”) those relating
to the Jews are important as containing quotations from lost Jewish authors. He
is mentioned as a source for Stephanus Byzantinus in lemmas ARAXAE, HYLAMI and
ZAGYSTIS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Alexander, Georgius,
16th century, edited the works of Tacitus. He is cited by
Volaterranus (Ort147,148).
As cited by Volaterranus:
Ort147.4, 147.27, 148.8.
Alexander Geraldinus
see Geraldinus, Alexander.
Alexander Magnus III,
356 – 323 BC., popularly known as Alexander the Great, Greek: Μέγας
Ἀλέξανδρος, was a king of
Macedonia. He is the most celebrated member of the Argead Dynasty and created
one of the largest empires in ancient history. Born in Pella in 356 BC, he
received a classical Greek education under the tutorship of the famous
philosopher Aristoteles, succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC
after the king was assassinated, and died thirteen years later at the age of
32. Although both Alexander's reign and empire were short-lived, the cultural
impact of his conquests lasted for centuries. Alexander was known to be
undefeated in battle and is considered one of the most successful commanders of
all time. He is one of the most famous figures of antiquity, and is
remembered for his tactical ability, his conquests, and for spreading Greek
culture into the East (marking the beginning of Hellenistic civilization).
Ortelius devoted his Parergon map “Alexandri Magni Expediti” (Ort222) to him.
Ortelius refers to his “Letter to Aristoteles” in his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)
in lemma CASPIRVS and in “Thesaurus” (1596) in lemma CLYIAS. Ortelius refers in
lemmas PSINAPHVS and THIS of “Thesaurus” (1596) to Alexander’s “Aegyptiacorum”
and in lemma SEBEDA to his “Periplus”.Altogether he is mentioned as a source 12
times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Alexander Neville see
Neville, Alexander.
Alexander, Saint,
Bishop and martyr, fl.. 2nd c. AD., was a student at the famous
Christian school of Alexandria in the late second century. He became bishop of
Cappadocia and during the persecution of Severus was imprisoned for several
years viz. 204-211. Following his release from prison, he made a pilgrimage to
Jerusalem and was proclaimed coadjutor bishop there in the year 212. Demetrius,
the bishop of Alexandria, censured Alexander for participating in the
ordination of Origen and for encouraging Origen to teach in churches while
still a layman. Despite this, Alexander received Origen in exile. Meanwhile, in
Jerusalem, Alexander developed a great theological library. During the persecution
of Decius, he was seized and again imprisoned. After making a public confession
of faith, he was condemned and thrown to the wild beasts, but they refused to
attack him. Alexander was then taken to Caesarea where he died in chains in the
year 251. The church recognizes him as a martyr. Ortelius refers twice to his
“Life” as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma BONA MANSIO and
BORTIA.
Alexander Trallianus, Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος,
of Tralles in Lydia c. 525 – c. 605 AD., was one of the most eminent of the
ancient physicians. His chief work, titled “Twelve Books on Medicine”, was first printed in an old,
imperfect Latin translation, with the title “Alexandri Yatros Practica”. It was first edited and published in
Greek by Jac. Goupylus Paris, 1548, a beautiful and scarce edition, containing
also “Rhazae de Pestilentia Libellus
ex Syrorum Lingua in Graecam Translatus”. The other work of Alexander's
that is still extant is a short treatise, “Περὶ Ἑλμίνθων”,
“De Lumbricis”, [about worms]
which was first published in Greek and Latin by Hieronymus Mercurialis, Venice,
1570. Alexander seems also to have written several other medical works which
are now lost. Alexander also is credited with the discovery that depression
(melancholia) can lead to homicidal and suicidal tendencies. He is referred to
as a source in lemmas SAREPTA and TYGRINVM of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596) and in lemmas INTERANIESIA of “Thesaurus” (1596). In lemma POLLISIA of
“Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to Trallianus’ “Longuaevis” twice as a
source, and in lemma TANNETA once. Altogether he is mentioned 9 times as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Alexander Zardus see
Sardus, Alexander.
Alexandria, Council
of. In 231 AD a council of bishops and priests met at Alexandria, Egypt, called together by bishop Demetrius for the
purpose of declaring Origen of Alexandria unworthy of the office of teacher,
and of excommunicating him. In
Alexandrinus Appianus
see Appianus Alexandrinus.
Alexandrinus Clemens see Clemens Alexandrinus.
Alexandrinus,
Dionysius, about 190 to about 240 AD., called “the Great” by Eusebius was a
Greek writer who wrote to oppose the views of Paul of Samosata who became
bishop of Alexandria. Alexandrinus is also mentioned as a source in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 15 times in its text.
In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 16 times as a source and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) 19 times.
Ort144.6, 145.10.
Alexandrinus, Georgius, 7th c., was archbishop of Alexandria
and author of “Vita S. Chrysostomi”, possibly based on a work with the same
name by Theodorus Trimithuntius wh flourished abt. 680. Alexandrinus’
“Chrysostomus” was published in Paris in 1557 and is mentioned as a source 5
times in lemmas MARIANA, MAZICI, MEPHAS, SYNENES and VICTORIS of “Thesaurus”
(1596).
Alexandrinus,
Hieronymus Comes or Natalis Conti, fl. late 16th c., was an Italian
historian who wrote “Commentari de Turcarum bello in insulam Melitam”,
published in Venice, 1566, to which Ortelius refers once as a source in his
“Synonymia” (1578) and twice in “Thesaurus” (1587). Alexandrinus is mentioned
in the “Catalogus Auctorum” as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and
twice in its text. In lemma IVNONIS ARA of “Thesaurus” (1596), his “Bellum
Melitensi” is mentioned as a source, and in lemma PASSAPRVM of “Thesaurus”
(1596) he quotes Athenæus.
Alexios I Komnenos, Latinized as Alexius
I Comnenus, Greek Ἀλέξιος
Α' Κομνηνός, 1056 – 15 August
1118, was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118, and the founder of the Komnenian
dynasty. He wrote a “Constitution” referred to by Ortelius as a source in lemma
BASILÆI of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Alexius Ugonio see
Ugonio, Alexius.
Alfons de Meneses see
Meneses, Alfons.
Alfonsus Bonacciolus
see Buonacciolus.
Alfonsus Hadrianus or
Adrianus, Roman times, was a Roman architect and wall builder in Britain who
wrote about military discipline. He and his book are mentioned 29 times in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L, 1571L, 1573L, 1574L, 1575L) and further in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of “Synonymia” (1578) as a source, and 10 times in its
text. In Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”(1587) his book is mentioned once and his name as
an author 9 times. In “Thesaurus” (1596) his “Disciplina militari” is mentioned
once as a source in lemma ACROCERAVNII. He is altogether mentioned 10 times as
a source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Alfonsus see Alphonsus.
Algoet, Lievin see
Lievin, Algoet.
Al-Hassan Ibn Mohammed
Alwazzan see Leo Africanus.
Alonso de Ulloa see
Ulloa, Alonso de.
Alphanus, Tyndarus,
late 15th c., was an Italian author who wrote “Tractatus de
Testibus”, published in Rome, 1475, and “De institutis renuntiantium”, Venice
1574. Ortelius refers once as a source in the lemma DRVMENTVM of his
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) to Alphanus’ “Vita duodecim fratrum martyrum”.
Alphesum, Council of
was a church council held in France in the 4th century, reported on
by Gratianus. It is mentioned as a source in lemma ALPHESUM of “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596) as held under king Conrad.
Alphonsus Adrianus see
Alfonsus Adrianus.
Alphonsus of
Cartagena, 1396 - 1456, a Spanish historian, was born at Cartagena and
succeeded his father, Paulus, as bishop of Burgos. In 1431 he was deputed by
Joannes II., king of Castilia, to attend the council of Basel, in which he made
himself conspicuous by his learning. He was the author of several works, the
principal of which is entitled “Rerum
Hispanorum Romanorum imperatorum, summorum pontificum, nec non regum Francorum
anacephaleosis”. This is a history of Spain from the earliest
times down to 1456, and was printed at Granada in 1545, and also in the “Rerum Hispanicarum Scriptores aliquot”,
printed by R. Bel, Frankfurt, 1579. He is
referred to twice as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587).
Alphonsus Hispanus, 15th century, wrote "Sigismundiana", a
collection of poems referred to as a source in the map text of Ort140.
Possibly, he is the same as the previous item.
Ort140.7.
Althamer, Andreas, 16th
century, published and commented on Tacitus’ “Germania”, referred to as a
source in lemma RHÆTICA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and in lemmas
CHERVSCI, DVZIACVM, HERCYNIA and RHÆTICA of “Thesaurus (1596). He also
commented on Tacitus’ “Annales” in 1529 (Ort105,106); also referred to in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578). His version of “Annales” is twice referred to as
a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and once in “Thesaurus” (1596). He also quotes Beatus Rhenanus and Marlianus. He is mentioned twice in
“Synonymia” (1570L, 1571L) and 4 times in “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L). In
a 1579 Latin copy of the Theatrum in the Vatican Library, Althamer is censured
as a heretic. He occurs 38 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578),
45 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 49 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort56.8, 57.9, 102.4, 194.32;
Quoting Tacitus' Germania:
Ort105.3, 106.3.
Althamerus see
Althamer.
Altissiodorensis see
Henricus of Auxerre.
Alunno da Ferrara, fl.
late 16th c., was an Italian author who wrote “Della fabrica del
mondo” which Ortelius bought from Plantin in 1576.
Alvaradus, Petrus or
Pedro de Alvarado, 1485 – 1541, from Portugal was a famous explorer who lived
for some time in Ethiopia. His travel report, originally written in Portuguese
was translated into Latin, Italian, French and German. The Italian translation
is considered best, and appeared in Ramusio’s compilations. The French
translation by Jean Bellere was published in Antwerp in 1558. He is mentioned
as a source in the map texts of Ort9, 10 and 11.
Ort9.32, 10.32, 11.35.
Alvaredo see
Alvaradus.
Alvares, Fernandus see
Secco
Alvares, Nunnius see
Alvarez, Nunnius.
Alvarez, Francesco or
Fernando, 1465 – 1541, of Coimbra, Portugal, was an explorer who visited
Ethiopia and wrote about his experiences in “Travels” (Ort175). He is mentioned
once in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He is also mentioned in
the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and once in its text:
in the lemma NILVS of the “Synonymia” (1578) and “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) where
he is called Fernando.
Ort8.15;
Travels: Ort175.10, 175.17,
175.19.
Alvarez, Gaspar or
Machiado Louzada, Braga 1554 – Lisbon 1634, was a Portuguese theologist and
archivist in Lisbon. He wrote a letter to Ortelius in 1594 (Hessels 251). In
lemma NEBIS of “Thesaurus” (1596) he is mentioned as a source and called
“doctißimus”.
Alvarez, Nunnius or
Nuñez, born in Spain in Farinale, died in Antwerp in 1603, was a captain and
physician who explored the seas . He taught in Leuven and contributed to
Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (ff. 87v-88, 1576, 1577).
Ort9.34, 10.34, 11.37.
Alvarus Gometius, 16th
c., was a Portuguese author who wrote “Life of Franciscus Ximenius”, a work
mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma
DANIENSIS, describing the life of Ximenius.
Amadæus, Theodorus of
Svallenberg see Adamaeus.
Amantius Bartholomæus,
16th century, was a lawyer from Landsberg, Germany who published
“Florilegium sententiarum græcarum et latinarum” [Anthology of Greek and Latin
proverbs] in Ingolstadt or Dillingen. Amantius is also mentioned as a source in
the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and three times in its
text, there referred to as a source in the lemma FOCVNATES, and referring to
his “Codex” in the lemma PETOVIO. In these lemmas in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)
and in lemma SICAMBRIA of “Thesaurus” (1596) he is again mentioned as a source.
Ort1.59, 2.59, 3.64.
Amasæus see Amaseo.
Amaseo or Amaseus or
Masius, Gregorius, 1464 – 1541, was a humanist scholar from Udine, Italy who
wrote a “Descriptio geographica Italiæ et Provinciæ Foroiuliensis” for Leandrus
from Bononia. He was a partner of Candidus (Ort119). He drew a map of Friuli in
manuscript (now lost) and translated Cepha and edited Pausanias. He and his
Friuli map is included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1570
onwards but not used by Ortelius. Amaseo is mentioned as a source 3 times in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L), 3 times in “Synonymia” (1578) and
6 times in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Ort119.11,
Translator of Cepha: Ort178.8, 179.8;
As reported by Leander: 143.9;
Amaseus Romulus or
Romolo Amaseo, fl. early 16th c., was a French author who wrote “De Pace
Oratio” for Charles V and who edited Pausanias. He is mentioned as a source in
lemmas CLYDON, NOREIA and PHLYGONIVM of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ambrosio de Morales
see Morales Ambrosio de.
Ambrosius Marcellinus,
fl. 4th c., was a Roman ruler who is mentioned as a source in lemma
GÆA in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Ambrosius, St. Leo,
339 – 397, was a church father who among many other works wrote “Epistle to
Rusticus” (Ort196), “Sermons” (Ort227) and “De Nolanis.Commentariis”, mentioned
as a source in lemma PALÆPOLIS of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and in lemma CLANIVS
of “Thesaurus” (1596). He was the excommunicator of emperor Theodosius after
the massacre of Christians in Thessaloniki. He is also mentioned as a source in
“Synonymia” (1578), but not in its text. In lemma CALLINICVM of “Thesaurus”
(1596), his “Epistula ad Theodosium” is mentioned as a source. In lemma
PLACENTIA of “Thesaurus” (1596) there is simply a reference to his “Epistolae”.
Altogether, he is mentioned 6 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort218.28;
Epistle to Rusticus: Ort196.61.
Sermon 5 concerning Psalm 118:
Ort227.18;
Ambrosius, Marcus
Nissensis or Marek Ambrozy, fl. c. 1540 – 1566, was a Silesian humanist who
lived in Antwerp for some years. He made a manuscript map of Livonia about
which no details are known. He and his Livonia map are first included in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” in 1570, but it was not used by
Ortelius.
Amil Resende see
Resende, Andreas.
Amiotus or Amyot,
mid-16th c., was a French scholar who edited Diodorus Siculus in French (1554), as
indicated in lemma PACTOLVS of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587), where he is
mentioned as a source altogether 3 times. In lemma PACTOLVS of “Thesaurus”
(1596) Amiotus’ “Gallia” is mentioned as a source. Altogether he is mentioned 6
times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ammianus Marcellinus
or Marellinus Ammianus or just Ammianus or Marcellinus, c. 330 – 395, from
Antiochia wrote a history of Rome called “Res gestæ” or “Historia Augusta”
(Ort197,198) in 31 books of which 13 were lost, published in Rome in 1474. It
was intended to be a sequel to Tacitus’ “Annales”, starting at the death of
Domitianus and ending with the defeat of the Romans by the Goths at Adrianople
in 378. This publication was rediscovered by Poggio Braccolini and published by
Frobenius, Basel, 1533, as in lemma SEBVSIANI of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), by
Accorso, Augsburg, 1533, and by Gelenius in Basel. This history is quoted by
Petrus Pithœus in his “Adversaria” (Ort 196). In lemma ARCAGANTES of
“Thesaurus” (1596), Ammianus’ “Bibliotheka Historialis” is mentioned twice as a
source. Ammianus is mentioned twice in “Synonymia” (1570, 1571L), 9 times in
“Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L) and is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum”
of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 151
times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 434 times as a source.
In lemma ASTACANTAS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to Ammianus’ “Codex”
as a source. In lemma CIMONIA of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers to Ammianus
“Vita Thucydidis”. Altogether, Ammianus is mentioned 526 times as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1596). In “Deorum Dearum” (1573) Ammianus is mentioned 3 times as
a source.
Ammianus is mentioned 4 times on
map sheet Ort197, 4 times on map sheet Ort198, once on mapsheet Ort203, three
times on map sheet Ort212; further in map texts: Ort16.15, 36.10, 38.2, 38.10,
42.4, 44.4, 45.4, 47.4, 119.19, 149.6, 149.17, 190.33, 190.34, 192.7, 192.8,
194.5, 194.6, 194.14, 196.4, 196.5, 196.38, 196.41, 196.84, 196.116, 199.4,
199.44, 200.15, 203.24, 209.13, 209.14, 209.15, 209.17, 209.18, 212.6, 213.5,
213.6, 214.2, 214.3, 214.5, 214.14, 216.5, 216.14, 219.7, 219.18, 220.2, 221.8,
221.28, 221.32, 221.33, 226.58, 226.89, 226.95, 231.28, 232.2, 232.7, 232.23,
232.25, 232.28,
Bk. 6: 190.2, 190.40, Bk.14:
Ort187.1-5, 216.4, Bk.15: Ort34.9, 36.21, Bk.17: Ort222.16, Bk.18: Ort16.35,
190.6, 190.40, 192.14, Bk.19 & Bk.21: Ort229.2, Bk.22: Ort174.5a, 213.9,
216.18, 221.29, 232.18, 232.19, Bk.23: Ort7.7, Bk.24: Ort167.3, Bk.26: 199.39,
200.9, Bk.27: Ort207.3, 208.3, Bk.30: Ort217.5;
History Bk.15: Ort197.17,
198.17, Bk.16, quoted by Petrus Pithæus in Bk.3 of his Adversaria: Ort196.105,
196.106; Bk.25 196.91;
Commented on by Stuckius 213.9.
Ammonius, 1485 – 1556,
was a Flemish humanist who published a translation in Latin of Chrystostomus'
“Homily on Providence”. He was mostly known because of his “Epistles” mentioned
in Ort38. He is mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and
in the lemma SORABOS of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Ort38.5 38.13.
Amos, 8th
c. BC., is one of the 12 lesser prophets in the Old Testament and Tenach. The
book Amos tells about the prophet whose name means “born” or “burden”. Amos was
born in Tekoa, near Bethlehem. He was of low descent, and a farmer rather than
a prophet. Ortelius refers to the books of Amos 3 times as a source in his
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemmas CALANA, CALANNO and CAPHTOR.
Anacreon, Greek Ἀνακρέων,
570 BC – 488 BC., was a Greek lyric poet, notable for his drinking songs and
hymns. Later Greeks included him in the canonical list of nine lyric poets.
Anacreon wrote all of his poetry in the ancient Ionic dialect. Like all early
lyric poetry, it was composed to be sung or recited to the accompaniment of
music, usually the lyre. Anacreon's verses were primarily in the form of
monody, which means that they were to be performed by a single voice rather
than by a chorus. He is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) as a source found in Strabo, and once in its text. In
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) he is again mentioned once as a source in its text in
lemma TEOS via Strabo and Stephanus.
Anania, Bartholomæus
see Bartholomæus Ananiensis.
Anania, Laurentius see
see Bartholomeus Ananiensis.
Anania, Lorenzo d’ see
see Bartholomeus Ananiensis.
Ananiensis,
Bartholomeus see Bartholomeus Ananiensis.
Anastasius I, bishop,
later pope from 399 – 401 wrote “Decreta” subdivided into “Causae”, mentioned
as a source in lemmas PERRHENORVM, SAVINAS and TANSIATVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596) sometimes without mentioning the author.
Anastasius, emperor,
reigned 491-
Ort210.14;
Quoted by Glycas: Ort196.23.
Anaximander, 611-547 BC.,
of Milete was a Greek philosopher, pupil of Thales, who concentrated on
non-religious explanations of physical phenomena and who made the first world
map, referred to in the map text of Ort186.
Ort186.8.
Anconitanus Cyriacus
see Cyriacus Anconitatus.
Andreas Alexander, 16th
century, was a scholar from Naples, Italy who wrote “Della guerra de Campagna
di Roma e del Regno di Napoli nel pontificato di Paolo IV l’anno 1556,
Ort200.71;
The war between Philip and Paul
IV (published by Hieronymus Ruscellus): Ort139.10.
Andreas Althamer see
Althamer Andreas.
Andreas Lacuna see
Laguna.
Andreas Laguna see
Laguna.
Andreas Resende see
Resende, Andreas.
Andreas Schott see
Schott Andreas.
André Marmolius see
Thevet.
Andreus Resende see
Resende, Andreas.
Angelinus Politianus
or Angelo Poliziano or Angelo Ambrogini, Tuscany July 14, 1454 – 1494, was an
Italian writer and poet who died in Florence. He wrote “Epistolarum Libri XII”
which was published, together with writing from other authors such as Petrus
Bembo and Fracastorius in 1522. Ortelius refers to his “Legatio Mariae” as a
source in his “Synonymia” (1578), to his “Epistola ad Petrum Medicum” in lemmas
FESVLÆ and FLVENTIA of “Thesaurus” (1596) and to his “Miscellaneis” in lemma
THESPIA of “Thesaurus” (1596), also mentioned 3 times as a source in “Deorum
Dearum” (1573). Ortelius bought two copies of his “Epistolarum” from Plantin in
1587. He is mentioned in the title cartouche of Illyricum, Ort 144.
Ort144 cartouche;
Commenting on Curtius Ort222.39.
Angelerius, Hippolytus
or Ippolito Angelieri, 16th c., was an Italian author who wrote “De
antiquitate urbis Atestinae” and “Historia di Vicenza”, published in 1592. He
is mentioned as a source in lemmas PETELIA and TARINATES of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Angiolello or Angiolellus,
Giovanni Maria, 1451-1525, from Vicenza,
Italy wrote a history of Mahomet II in Turkish and Italian, entitled “Breve
narrazione della vita et fatti del sig. Ussun-Cassano, ré di Persia”, published
by Ramusio (Venice, 1559). He is mentioned twice in “Synonymia” (1570L, 1571L,
1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He is mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578) and twice in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he is again mentioned
as a source twice, e.g. in lemma HYRCANIA.
Ort167.10.
Anglicus, Bartholomæus,
13th c., was an Englishman who wrote “Liber proprietatibus rerum”
around 1230. It was first printed in Heidelberg in 1486. Ortelius refers to
this work without mentioning its author, but saying that it has incorrectly
been attributed to Aristoteles in lemma IAMAN of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Anjou, René d’,
1409-1480, was king of Naples, count of Anjou and Provence, patron and poet. He
made manuscript maps of Anjou and Provence which have not survived. He and his
Anjou and Provence map were included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” from 1592
onwards, but not used.
“Annales Francorum” is
a collection of historical accounts written by an anonymous monk around the
year 800. Ortelius refers to it 3 times as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587)
in the lemmas ABOTRITI, CARNIOLENSES and FAGOFACHOS, and 7 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596), e.g. in the lemmas just mentioned.
Annius Viterbiensis
see Annius of Viterbo.
Annius of Viterbo, or
Giovanni Annio “the Unreliable”, 1432 – 1502, from Viterbo, Italy was a
Dominican clergyman who through falsifications created havoc in many scientific
publications of his time. His “Antiquitatum variarum volumina XVII cum
commentariis” (Ort130), Rome, 1498, Paris, 1515, discusses a series of
presumably lost works by Berosus (Ort117); also in lemmas CADO SENE and
LIBYSOSONA of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), Fabius, Pictor, Cato (to which Ortelius
refers as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578), Manethon, Sempronius and others.
Ortelius mentions his work “Ailes Fabulæ” but refuses to quote from it in his “Synonymia”
(1578) in the lemma VITERBVM because “he seems to have been sleeping”. Annius
also wrote the unpublished work "Volumen libris septuaginta distinctum de
antiquitatibus et gestis Etruscorum", of which Ortelius must have had a
manuscript, for he refers to it as such as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578)
in the lemma TVDER, but he no longer refers to this manuscript in TVDER in
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), presumably because Ortelius meanwhile had acquired a
printed copy, or because he finds Annius too unreliable. Annius’ falsifications
were copied by Zanchi. Annius is mentioned as a source in the Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 29 times in its text. In his
“Thesaurus” (1587), Ortelius refers to a “fragment of Antoninus” presented by
Annius, in the lemma CAFERONIANVM, and mentions him altogether as a source 33
times. In lemma GARIOFILVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to Annius’
edition of “Decretum Desiderij Regis”. Altogether, Annius is mentioned 44 times
as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort25.8, 29.6, 30.8, 32.2,
194.31, 207.5, 208.5;
Antiquities of Etruria:
Ort130.13;
Commentaries on Berosus:
Ort117.33, 118.5, 118.33;
Bk.7 quoting Cato 131.25
Annonius from München
see Aimoinus.
Annonus, saint, fl. 9th
c., was a bishop of Vetvaria (Altenburg) whose “Life” is mentioned as a source
in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma BONNA.
Anonymous “Istoire des
Croniques de Flandres” was a 13th century collection of manuscripts
first published late 16th century. Ortelius bought a copy of this
work from Plantin in 1583.
Another Anonymous is
mentioned various times in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), e.g. in lemmas
SAREPTA and SIDON and as a source who wrote “De belli Hierosolymitani”.In lemma
SAOCORAS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a travel account called
“Itinerarium Persicum” saying that the author is anonymous.
In lemma SERRÆ of
“Thesaurus” (1596) “Sanctiones patriarcharum”, an unidentied work, is mentioned
as a source.
Scores of “Anonymus” authors
are mentioned in the “Synonymia” and “Thesauri”, but if the title of their work
as well as their name are lacking, they have not been registered in this
document as a source.
Ansegigus, saint,
about 770 – 833, was a Roman Catholic abbot who wrote laws for Charles the
Great, which retained validity for a long time in France, Germany and Italy, as
reported by Divæus. Ortelius refers to these laws as a source in lemma
MENAPISCVS of his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Anticlides, 3rd
century BC) was a Greek historian who wrote a dictionary explaining words and
phrases occurring in ancient stories (Ort216).
Ort216.40.
Antigonius or
Antigonus, third century BC., of Megasthenes wrote “De Mirabilibus” [About
Wonders] (Ort203,211,224.) This work is also referred to 34 times as a source
in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 38 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). Altogether
Antigonus is mentioned 42 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 53 times
in “Thesaurus” (1596). Antigonus quotes Myrsilius (Ort216) and Ctesias in lemma
ALPHION of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort12.9, 12.35, 210.24, 211.12,
214.20-22, 216.5, 216.20, 216.41, 217.4, 217.23, 217.25, 217.29;
De Mirabilibus: Ort203.18,
224.48, Bk. 1: Ort211.12;
Quoting Myrsilius: Ort216.21.
Antigonus see
Antigonius.
Antimachus of Colophon or Claros who flourished about
400 BC., was a Greek poet and grammarian. Scarcely anything is known of his
life. His poetical efforts were not generally appreciated, although he received
encouragement from his younger contemporary Plato as reported by Plutarchus in
his “Lysander”. His chief works
were: an epic “Thebais”, an
account of the expedition of the Seven against Thebes, the war of the Epigoni
and an elegiac poem “Lyde”, so
called for the poet's mistress, for whose death he endeavoured to find
consolation telling stories from mythology of heroic disasters. Antimachus was
the founder of "learned" epic poetry, and the forerunner of the
Alexandrian school, whose critics allotted him the place next to Homerus. He
also prepared a critical recension of the Homeric poems. He is mentioned once
as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578). In lemma MARMISVM of his
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) Ortelius refers to his “Oracula Sibyllina” as a
source. Altogether he is mentioned 3 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587),
and 3 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) in lemmas ELEA, MARMISVM and PANTHA.
Antioch council, 341
AD., was a non-ecumenical Christian church council held at Antioch (modern
Antakya in southeastern Turkey) on the occasion of the consecration of the emperor
Constantine I’s Golden Church there. It was the first of
several 4th century councils that attempted to replace orthodox Nicene theology with a modified Arianism.
Attended by the Eastern emperor Constantius II and about 100 Eastern bishops,
the council developed four creeds as substitutes for the Nicene theology, all of them to some degree unorthodox and
omitting or rejecting the Nicene statement that Christ was “of one substance” (homo-ousios) with
the Father. This council is mentioned as a source once in Ortelius “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596) in lemma VASADENSIS. In “Thesaurus” (1596) this council is
altogether mentioned 5 times as a source.
Antiochus III the Great, Greek Ἀντίoχoς
Μέγας, ca. 241–187 BC, ruled 222–187 BC, younger son of
Seleucus II Callinicus, became the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire as a youth
of about eighteen in 223 BC. Ascending the throne at young age, Antiochus was
an ambitious ruler. Although his early attempts in war against the Ptolemaic
kingdom were unsuccessful, in the following years of conquest he proved himself
as the most successful Seleucid king after Seleucus I himself. His traditional
designation, the Great,
reflects an epithet he briefly assumed after his Eastern Campaign. Antiochos
also assumed the title "Basileus Megas" [Great King], the traditional
title of the Persian kings. He is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578)
through Strabo and twice in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is
mentioned once.
Antoninus Augustus
Pius’ Itinerarium Provinciarum was a book on the Roman roads, provinces, and
cities, probably written or initiated by Antoninus Pius Augustus, 138 -
Antoninus’ “Dialogorum de nummis antiquis” is mentioned as a source in lemmas
CELSA and PHOCAICVM of “Thesaurus” (1596). His “Itinerarium Maritimum” or
“Itinerarium Portuum” is mentioned as a source in lemmas NAVS, OXEI, QVINTIANÆ,
and ROMÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596) and in lemma SABATA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Antoninus Pius is referred to once as a source in chapter QVIRINI of “Deorum
Dearum” (1573).
Antoninus is mentioned on map
sheet Ort191 no less than 20 times, on Ort192 20 times, on map sheet 193 5
times, on map sheet Ort197 3 times, on mapsheet Ort198 once, on map sheet
Ort199 twice, also twice on map sheet Ort200, 6 times on map )nsheet Ort203,
twice on map sheet 206, five times on mapsheet Ort210, three times on map sheet
Ort212, once on mapsheet Ort213, three times on map sheet Ort217, twice on map
sheet Ort218, four times on map sheet Ort219, 7 times on map sheet Ort220, nine
times on Ort221; his Itinerarium is mentioned once on map sheet Ort203; twice
on map sheet Ort206; ten times on map sheet Ort207, 12 times on Ort208, once on
maps sheet Ort209, and 5 times on map sheet Ort210; further in map texts:
Ort1.20, 2.20, 3.22, 53.17,54.6, 60.5, 60.13, 192.68, 192.70, 207.6, 208.6,
229.5, 230.14-18, Ort228.5-7, 229.5.
Antoninus Florentinus
or Fra Antonino or Antonio Pierozzi or Antonio de Forcigliono, 1389 -1459,
Dominican and reformer, was archbishop of Florence, Italy. He wrote
“Confessionale” [Confessions],(Milan, 1477, Strasbourg, 1488, a world chronicle
(Ort1,2,3) Nürnberg ,1484, “Roman Annals” (Ort2,3) and a “Journal”
(Ort107,108). He occurs in the map texts of Ort1, 2, 3, 19, 54, 60, 107, 108,
192, 204 and 205:
Ort19.33, 19.34, 19.39w, 19.41y,
54.6, 60.5, 192.68, 204.11, 205.11;
History Bk.1, ch.3: Ort1.29,
2.29, 3.32;
Annals of the Roman Empire:
2.20, 3.22;
Journal Ort107.4, 108.4.
Antoninus Marcus
Aurelius, 121 – 180 AD., was a stoic philosopher and emperor from 161 to his
death in 180. He revitalised the Parthian empire and wrote “Meditationes”. He
is referred to as a source once in lemma GRANVA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596) referring to his “Philosophi Vita”, and altogether occurs twice in this
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Antonius Ælius, also
called Spartianus, 4th century AD., belonged to the group of authors
who together provided the contents of “Historia Augusta”, a collection of the lives
of some 30 Roman emperors over the period 117 - 284 AD. He is well known for
his “Life of Hadrianus” (Ort231), referred to twice as a source in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) twice in “Thesaurus” (1587), twice in “Thesaurus” (1596) and
once in “Deorum Dearum” (1573). He also wrote
“Life of Didius Julianus”, mentioned as sources in lemmas CLASSIS of
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and VIÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596). Further “Life of
Severus”, mentioned as a source in lemmas SEPTIZONIVM and TINVRTIVM of
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and in lemmas MEMNON, SEPTIZONIVM, TINVRTIVM and
VIMINATIVM of “Thesaurus” (1596), and “Life of Caracallus” to which works
Ortelius refers as sources in his “Synonymia” (1578) and “Thesaurus” (1587),
and once in lemma GETÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596). Spartianus is quoted by Lupanus.
He is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” as a source in “Synonymia” (1578),
and 11 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 11 times as a
source and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 17 times.
Ort28.12, 28.30, 48.4, 49.3,
49.13, 82.2, 83.2, 192.59, 199.39, 200.9, 218.20, 222.34;
Life of Emperor Hadrianus:
Ort231.26;
Pesennio : 196.116
Antonius Augustinus
see Augustinus, Antonius.
Antonius Liberalis,
abt. 150 AD., wrote “Metamorphoses” in which he discusses a great variety of
subjects, including how the bladder of a goat caught the dangerous semen of
king Minos in a woman’s vagina. He is mentioned 20 times as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587). His “Metamorphoses” is mentioned in lemma CVRETAS of
“Thesaurus” (1596), where he is altogether is referred to as a source 31 times.
Ort189.26, 189.27, 210.24,
222.21, 226.55.
Antonius Possevinus
see Possevinus Antonius.
Antonius Veronensis see
Veronensis Antonius.
Apher, Dionysius, see
Dionysius Apher.
Aphrodisius, Saint, French: Saint
Aphrodise, Afrodise, Aphrodyse, Aphrodite, is a saint associated with the
diocese of Béziers, in Languedoc, southern France. According to Gregory of
Tours, Aphrodisius was an Egyptian who was martyred in Languedoc along with his
followers Caralippus
(Caralampus), Agapius, and Eusebius. He is mentioned as a source
via Stephanus in lemma APHORMIVM of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Apianus Alexandrinus
see Appianus Alexandrinus
Apianus Cyracius see
Cyracius Appianus.
Apianus, Peter see
Appianus, Petrus.
Apianus or Appianus,
Philip, 1531 – 1589, son of Petrus Apianus, was a professor of mathematics in
Ingolstadt and Tübingen. He obtained the order from duke Albrecht the Fifth to
make a map of Bavaria in a scale of 1:45.000 which resulted in a map of 5 x
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the second Bavaria map as its maker, Ort110; in texts:
Ort1.58, 2.58, 3.63, 109.11,
110.6, 110.10, 136.5;
Apicius or Apitius, Cælius , first century AD., was a well-known
gastronomer who wrote a cook book, called “Culinaria”. He is mentioned as a
source in lemma ARABIAM in “Thesaurus” (1596). In lemma PALLACANA of
“Thesaurus” (1596), Apitius’ “Culinaria” is mentioned as a source. Altogether
he is mentioned 3 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort203.30, 203.32.
Apione or Oasi di Siwa, 20 BC – 45 AD., was a
grammarian, sophist and commentator on Homerus and was known for his aversion
of Jews and Judaeism. He studied at Alexandria and became ambassasor for
Caligula in 38 AD. Josephus Flavius accused him in his “Against Apione” He is mentioned as a source in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemmas CABESSVS and PHINTHIA.
Apollinaris, Sidonius, see Sidonius Apollinaris.
Apollo, Horus or Orus,
8th century BC?, was a mythological figure, supposed to be the son
of Osiris, the last Egyptian pharao, called Apollo by the Greeks. Apollo Horus
is said to have put down Typhon and was the last god to be king of Egypt, as
reported in Herodotus’ “Enquiries”, Book 2. Ortelius refers to Apollo as a
source in his “Synonymia” (1578). Ortelius bought a work from Plantin, in Latin and French, published in Paris and
written by Apollo Orus in 1583.
Ort219.8, 221.9, 221.45.
Apollodorus or
(incorrectly) Appolodorus, about 140 BC, of Athens was the author of a long
treatise in Greek prose Peri
Qewn, [On
the Gods], referred to as a source in lemmas CEPHALVS and ELIVS in “Thesaurus”
(1596) and twice in “Deorum Dearum” (1573). He also wrote a chronicle covering
the period from the fall of Troy to 144 BC. Further, he wrote “Biblioqhkh”, [Library] (Ort216), a study
of Greek heroic mythology, but the uncritical work that survives under this
name was probably compiled in the first or second century AD. Apolodorus is
quoted by Strabo (Ort224). Apollodorus is mentioned 13 times as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), 43 times in “Thesaurus” (1587), and 94 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort203.19, 216.37, 217.31,
219.2, 221.2, 226.5, 226.8, 226.13, 226.14, 226.17, 226.20, 226.21, 226.22,
226.24, 226.27, 226.29-32, 226.34, 226.36, 226.38, 226.40, 226.41, 226.48-50,
226.52, 226.52a, 226.52d, 226.54, 226.57, 226.61, 226.63, 226.64, 226.67-69,
226.75-80, 226.85-88, 226.92, 226.93, 226.95, 226.96;
Biblioteca Bk.1: Ort216.30;
Quoted by Strabo: Ort224.29.
Apollonius Collatius,
Peter, fl. late 15th c., was an Italian poet and priest who wrote
“Excidii “Hierosolytani”, dealing with Vespasianus’ siege of Jerusalem. It was
edited by Adrianus van der Burg and printed in Leiden in 1586. Ortelius refers
to it once as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and twice in “Thesaurus”
(1596).
Apollonius Levinus,
born in 1510, of Belgium travelled to America and died on such a journey on the
Canary islands. He wrote “Libri quinque de Peruviæ regionis inter novi orbis
provincias celeberrimæ inventione et rebus in eadem gestis” (Antwerp, 1567),
and “De navigatione in terram Floridam, deque clade an. 1565 ab Hispanis
accepta” (Antwerp 1568). He is mentioned as a source in the on verso texts of
the America maps.
Ort9.27, 10.27, 11.30.
Apollonius Rhodius,
295 - 215 BC., was a Hellenistic poet from Alexandria, Egypt, who spent the
later part of his life on Rhodes. He was tutor to Ptolemy III, and head of the
Alexandrian Library. His main surviving work is “Argonautica” (Ort186,212,226),
Venice, 1521. Reference is made 8 times to this work in as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), 25 times in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587), and 31
times in “Thesaurus” (1596), sometimes mentioning Philostratus as its editor.
This work was the only epic before Vergilius’ “Aeneid” that could be compared
with Homerus in subject and intent, and also the first epic to give prominence
to the concept of love, viz. Medea’s love for Jason. Appolonius was much
admired in late antiquity, and is one of the few Hellenistic poets whose work
survived in numerous medieval manuscripts. Apollonius also quotes from “De
Mirabilibus” [“History of strange and wonderful things”] written by Aristoteles
(Ort192; also 4 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 5 times in “Thesaurus” (1596)).
He is also mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and 38 times in its text. In Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596), reference is made to Apollonius’ “Mare Rubri” in the lemma BYBLOS. In
“Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 180 times as a source. In “Thesaurus” (1596)
in lemma CHOLVM and CVROPOLIS Ortelius refers to Apollonius’ “Caricorum” as a
source. In “Thesaurus” (1596) Apollonius Rhodius is altogether mentioned 233
times. In “Deorum Dearum” (1573) Apollonius’ “Commentaria Graeca” is mentioned
as a source.
Apollonius is mentioned twice on
map sheet Ort203, once on map sheet Ort212, once on map sheet Ort213, once on
map sheet Ort214, once on map sheet Ort226; further in map texts Ort189.30,
199.8, 199.47, 200.20, 209.22, 213.3, 226.2, 226.3, 226.12, 226.13, 226.17,
226.18, 226.22-24, 226.26, 226.27, 226.30, 226.32, 226.36, 226.38-41, 226.43,
226.44, 226.47, 226.48, 226.51, 226.51a, 226.52, 226.52b, 226.52c, 226.52e,
226.54-58, 226.60, 226.61, 226.65, 226.66, 226.69, 226.70, 226.72, 226.74,
226.76, 226.79, 226.81, 226.83, 226.87, 226.91, 226.96;
Argonauts Bk.4: Ort186.14,
212.25, Bk.4 Ch.15: Ort226.8; Quoting Scytinus Chius 191.14 from his History of
strange things: Ort191.14, 192.77, 192.90.
Apomasar or Albumasar
or Abou Mashar, 787 – 886, was a Persian astronomer/astrologer whose work
“Apotelesma, de significatis et inventis insomniorum, ec Indorum, Persarum,
Aegyptiorumque disciplina” was published by Leunclavius in Frankfurt, 1577.
Ortelius refers to him once as a source in lemma MOCHVRA of his “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596).
Appianus Alexandrinus,
abt. 95 - 165 AD., Greek: Ἀππιανός
Ἀλεξανδρεύς; “the
diligent and serious chorographer” as Ortelius calls him, was a Greek historian
who lived in Alexandria and witnessed the Jewish uprising of 116 AD. As a
lawyer and civil servant, he obtained Roman citizenship, went to Rome, became a
financial officer and returned to Alexandria between 160 and 165 AD. He wrote
“Historia Romana”, a history of Rome from its legendary beginnings in 24 books,
ending at his own time, also called “De bellorum civilium” (first published in
1551, Ort146; to which Ortelius refers as a source as “Civilium” in his
“Synonymia” (1578), 14 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 56 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596). It contains “Mithridatica” (Ort224, Ort226; also referred
to 4 times in “Synonymia” (1578), 51 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587)
and 31 times in “Thesaurus” (1596)) and further “Annibalica” (Ort136,206)
Mainz,
Ort16.26, 16.30,144.7, 144.8,
144.9, 145.11, 145.12, 145.13, 187.5, 189.26, 190.2, 190.31, 190.35, 192.5,
192.9, 193.8,193.12, 199.18, 199.19, 199.23, 199.27, 199.61, 199.62, 199.67,
199.71, 200.36, 200.37, 200.45, 200.57, 203.4, 203.6, 203.19, 203.20, 203.22,
203.31, 209.14, 213.15, 214.2, 218.3, 218.15, 218.17, 218.19, 218.24, 223.12.
Bk.2: Ort196.60, Bk.4:
Ort146.15, Bk.5: Ort142.17;
Civil War Bk.2 196.60; Bk.5:
Ort224.22.
History of France: Ort187.5,
197.17, 198.17;
Civil War, Bk.5 Ort224.22;
Peregrination of Saint Paul:
Ort181.3;
Mithridatica: Ort226.10.
Annibalica: Ort136.5, 206.3;
mentioned on mapsheet Ort136.
Appianus or Apianus,
Petrus, or Peter Bienewitz, “a writer of good reputation and a diligent
chorographer”, 1495 – 1552, wrote “Inscriptiones sacrosanctae vetustatis”,
Ingolstad 1534, designed a map of the World, Ingolstadt, 1530, Europe,
Ingolstadt, 1534, and St. Pauls Travels
(1529). He also wrote a “Cosmography”
together with Gemma Frisius, Antwerp, Diest, 1533, 1545. He was included in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” in 1570 and is mentioned 75 times as a source in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L) in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and 45 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is
mentioned 25 times as a source, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) also 25 times.
Appius Claudius Cæcus see Claudius Appius.
Appolodorus see
Apollodorus.
Appolonius Levinus see
Apolonius Levinus.
Appolonius Rhodius see
Apollonius Rhodius.
Apuleius, Madaurensis
Lucius, 125 - 180 AD., a Roman Rhetorist from Madaurus, Numidia, was strongly
influenced by Plato, and wrote a philosophical treatise “De Mundo” [About the
World] (Ort1,2,3, after Aristoteles) which was very popular in the 16th
century, although of little significance. It is referred to as a source in
lemma HIBERNIA, PHEBOL of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and in PLVTONIS of
“Thesaurus” (1596). He also wrote “Florida”, excerpts from his orations.
Ortelius refers to this work (Ort166, 216; also 4 times as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587), and 6 times in “Thesaurus” (1596)). Also “Apologia pro se
ipse” [Apologies for himself] (Ort193; also referred to 5 times as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 7 times in “Thesaurus” (1596)), “De Deo
Socratis” (Ort231) and “Metamorphoses” (Venice, 1521, Lyon 1553), referred to
as a source in “Deorum Dearum” (1573) containing “The Golden Ass” (Ort218,224;
also mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and in lemmas
ACHERON, BRITINI, LACEDÆMON, PELOPONNESVS and TÆNARIA of “Thesaurus” (1596))
printed in Bologna in 1500 with comments by Philippus Beroaldus. Editions of
his work were published and commented on by Bonaventura Vulcanius, Jos.
Scaliger and Janus Gruterus. Apuleius’ “De virtutibus Herbarum” [the merits of
herbs] is mentioned as a source in lemma OLCIMVM of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596) and “De Absynthio” in lemma TAPOSIRIS of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
His “De Floridor.” is mentioned as a source in lemma SAMOS of “Thesaurus”
(1596). Apuleius is mentioned twice as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1573L, 1574L, 1575L) in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of “Synonymia” (1578) and
twice in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is altogether mentioned 17 times as
a source, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 33 times. Altogether he is mentioned 3
times as a source in “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Ort218.13, 221.26, 222.4, 231.15;
About the World: Ort1.15, 2.15,
3.15;
First Apology: Ort193.18;
De Deo Socratis: Ort231.19;
Florida : Ort166.8, Bk.2
Ort214.34;
Golden Ass Bk.2: Ort224.2, Bk.6:
Ort218.28, 218.30, Bk.11: Ort218.28.
Aquanus, Cornelius or van
Aken, 1514 –1590, was a Dutch artisan and antiquary from Leiden who contributed
to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum”,( folio v.96-98, in 1578).
Aquæus, Stephanus or
Etienne de l’Aique, fl. early 16th c., was a French scholar who
commented on Plinius’ “Historia Naturalis”. Ortelius refers to these comments
once as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma CASSIOPE where
Ortelius accuses him “hallucinari” [to hallucinate], .
Aquilius, Hendrik, 16th
century, of Arnhem, Netherlands, was a historian who wrote “Compendium Chronici
Geldrici” (Ort61,62), 1566, and “De ducibus Geldriæ”. He is mentioned once in
Ortelius’ “Synomymia” (1571L) and twice in “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L),
once in “Synonymia” (1578), referring to his “Cosmographia”, and once in
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Chronicle: Ort61.10, 62.10.
Aquitanicus , Prosper,
390 – 455, bishop of Tunnuna and saint
wrote “Chronicon”, first published in Basel in 1529, referred to twice in
Ortelius “Thesaurus” (1587), e.g. in the lemma ACHILLAS. In lemma SAPAVDIA of
“Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to his manuscript of “Chronicon” as a
source. In “Thesaurus” (1596) he also occurs twice as a source. He also wrote
“Sancti Prosperi presbyteri Aquitanici adversus inimicos gratiæ Dei libellus…”,
1524, Mainz (Ort22).
Ort22.35.
Arab, Paraphrast,
after
Pet.2.13: Ort221.9.
Arcesinus, 4th
c. BC., was a Greek physician specialised in curing melancholy. He is referred
to as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma BEGIALIS.
Archelaus “the
chorographer”, flourished 413 - 399 BC.,
was king of Macedonia, memorably portrayed by Plato in his “Gorgias”, a monster
of cruelty, but he also entertained poets, including Euripides. He is quoted by
Diogenes Laërtius (Ort222) and is mentioned once as a source in lemma TOPAZOS
of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Quoted by Diogenes Laërtius:
Ort222.2.
Archilochus or Archilochos, Greek: Ἀρχίλοχος,
c. 680 BC – c. 645 BC., was an archaic or a classical Greek poet and supposed
mercenary, or, at least, a warrior. Besides his actual poems (or surviving
fragments thereof), his main claim to fame rests on being the first known poet
to write lyric poetry (in the "western tradition"), in the first
person. He is quoted as a source by Eustathius in lemma SAI of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Archimandrites,
Theodorus, fl. 12th c., was an Italian of Calabria who was
sanctified. His “Vita” is referred to as a source by Ortelius in his “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596) in the lemma ARAVNIA. . This “Vita”, written by Metaphrastes, was
used 24 times as a source by Ortelius in his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), e.g. in
the lemmas BRIANEÆ, CADOSIA, EVCHRAES and TZOYDADER. In lemmas BANI, IMMERENI
and TZVDADER of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers to his “De Lectoris
Collectaneis”. See also under Saints.
Ardens, Radulphus or
Raoul, died in 1200 AD., of Poitou was a theologian, early scholastic
philosopher and a poet (quoted by Hieronymus (Ort177)), whose “Vita” is
referred to by Ortelius as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the
lemma BERCORCATES.
Quoted by Hieronymus: Ort177.22.
Arelatensis concilium or (first) council of Arles, 313
AD., formally condemned the heresy of Donatism. The council of Arles was the
first called together by Constantinus and is the forerunner of the first
council of Nicaea. Augustinus of Hippo called it an oecumenical council.
Ortelius refers to this council twice as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596) in the lemmasCVLLV and VEGESELA. In lemma VIRENSIS of “Thesaurus” (1596),
Ortelius refers to the 2nd council, which was held in 353.
Arenbergius, Carolus
or Charles of Arenberg or Karel de Ligne, Vollenhove 1550 - Edingen 1616, Duke
of Aarschot, made Knight of the Golden Fleece by Philip the Second, is a
diplomat and friend of Ortelius who wrote him two letters (Hessels 283, 315)
and a third on February 6, 1598 which is mentioned in Hessels 315 § 1. Arenberg
is the person to whom Ortelius dedicates his map of the Argonauts (Ort226).
Mentioned by Ortelius as the
person to whom he dedicates the Argonautica map, Ort226.
Aretæus or Greek Ἀρεταῖος, first
century AD., is one of the most celebrated of the ancient Greek physicians, of
whose life, however, few particulars are known. There is some uncertainty
regarding both his age and country, but it seems probable that he practised in
the 1st century, during the reign of Nero or Vespasianus. He is
generally called "the Cappadocian"
(Καππάδοξ). He wrote “de Morbis
Acutorum” [about acute illnesses], referred to as a source in lemma SCYBELVS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort221.15.
Aretinus, Brunus
Leonardus 1369 – 1444, or Leonardo Bruni wrote “Epistolarum liber” which
appeared in print in 1466, and also “De bello Italico adversus Gothos gesto” [the
Italian war against the Goths”], published by Neumeister in 1470 and referred
to as a source once in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and in lemma FORVM
TRVENTINORVM of “Thesaurus” (1596). He is best known for his “Historia
Fiorentina”. Although Aretinus claims the authorship of this first printed
history of the Barbaric invasions and wars in Italy, his role was actually
limited to translating and editing the work by the Byzantine historian
Procopius of Cæsarea. He is quoted by Leander (Ort131). Aretinus is mentioned
12 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L, 1571L) 3 times in
“Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L) and further in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 3 times in its text. He is mentioned 5 times
as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Quoted by Leander: Ort131.7.
Aretius, Claudius
Marius, 16th century, from Syracusa, Italy was a historiographer of
Charles V who wrote “Chorographia sive de situ Siciliæ libellus”, referred to
as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587); also “Dialogus ubi Hispaniæ
descriptio cum recentioribus nominibus” (Ort25; referred to once as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and once in “Thesaurus” (1587)) and “Descriptio
Hispaniæ et Siciliæ” (Ort32) published in Lyon, France in 1552, referred to as
a source in lemmas ALPHEIVS and SALDVBA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Ortelius
refers to his “Vocabulus” as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578) in the lemma
NEBRODES. Aretius is mentioned 100 x as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L,
1571L), 120 times in “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He is mentioned in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and occurs 62 times in its
text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is altogether mentioned 96 times as a source.
Ort25.8, 141.5;
Description of Spain: Ort32.2;
Chronicle on Florence : 131.25.
Argentarius, Ioannes
Daubri ,16th c. On page 49 of Ortelius’ “Itinerarium” (1584), there
is a reference to the house of this person.
Argentré, Bertrand d’
or Bertrandus Argentræus, 1519-1590, from
Bretagne, France, lawyer and magistrate,
wrote a “Histoire de la Bretagne” which appeared in Rennes in 1568 and
1582, and in Paris in 1588, referred to as a source in lemma VINDANA of
“Thesaurus” (1596). He is also referred to as a source in lemmas STALIOCANVS
and TETVS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort37.13.
Arianus see Arrianus.
Arias Benedictus
Montanus or Benito or Benoit Montano, “the Learned”, 1527 – 1598, from Sevilla,
who was born and died in the same years as Ortelius, was a linguist and
theologian, mentioned in Ortelius’ “Catalogus Auctorum” of his “Theatrum” from
1573 onwards. He was also a good and close friend of Ortelius, he lived in
Antwerp for a considerable time viz. from 1568 to 1574 and he was instrumental
in Ortelius' appointment as king Philip’s Royal Geographer, a distinction
awarded to him by the Duke of Alba in 1573. His major work is “Biblia
Polyglotta”, 1568 – 1573, published
by Plantin. He designed a map in his “Apparatus Biblicus” which was appended to
this multilingual bible for the king of Spain, which included a chapter called
“Chaleb” (Ort170,171,172,181) of which Ortelius possessed a copy. He refers to
this work 23 times as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578), 23 times in his
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 23 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). Ortelius bought another
copy of this work in 1580. Montanus also wrote “Commentaries on Obadiah the
prophet” (Ort193; also twice referred to by Ortelius as a source in his
“Synonymia” (1578), twice in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and twice in “Thesaurus”
(1596)) and “Davidis Psalmi” of which Ortelius received a copy from Plantin
which has survived, as reported by Op de Beeck and De Coster (2006), now in the
Plantin Moretus museum. Ortelius dedicates his ancient Spain map (Ort193) in
the following words: “Dedicated to the excellent
theologist lord Benedictus Arias Montanus, a man well versed in languages,
knowledgeable in matters, and with great integrity in life by Abraham Ortelius
in friendship and due reverence”. In lemma SEGOVIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596)
Ortelius calls Montanus “vir omni laude dignißimus, deq. me bene meritus” [a
man most worthy of praise for me, well deserved]. Ortelius refers to his
“Onkelos” in “Thesaurus” (1587). In lemma PANCHÆA of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius
refers to Montanus’ “Varia Republica” as a source. Arias wrote “Humanae salutis
Monumenta”, published by Plantin in 1571. Ortelius bought a copy from Plantin
in the same year, another in 1573, and another again in 1592. Ortelius also
refers to his “Josha” of which he bought a copy from Plantin in
Dedication of Ancient Spain map
(Ort193). Further in map texts: Ort123.15, 193.8, 221.3, 221.10;
Map in Apparatus Biblicus,
appended to the Bible of the King of Spain: Ort181.3;
Commentaries on Obadiah: 193.5;
Chaleb, part of the Biblical
Apparatus : 170.8, 171.8, 171.26, 172.19, 172.27;
Quoted by Ortelius: Ort175.8.
Ariosto or Ariotusus,
Franciscus, who died in 1492, was a philosopher and professor from Ferrara,
Italy who also wrote poetry, among which the poem “Orlando Furioso”. He was
nicknamed “the divine”.
Ort133.16-17, 134.25
Furioso : Verse 43, line 32 Ort133.7, 133.20
Ariovistus, 1st
century BC., was not a writer but chief of the Germanic Suevi, and called to
Gallia in 71 BC to assist a Gallic tribe in local warfare. The Roman Senate
acknowledged his conquests, but he was eventually routed by Cæsar in 58 BC and
died soon afterwards. He is mentioned once in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578).
Ort199.72, 200.73;
Being reported to by Cæsar:
Ort200.73.
Arista, Eneco, born in
839, was the first king of Pamplona, Spain. He wrote a “Historia”, a copy of
which Ortelius bought from Plantin in 1584.
Aristarchus c. 215 -
143 BC., of Samothrace was head of the Alexandrian library and originator of
professional scholarship. He wrote commentaries on Greek classical authors, and
also treatises on a variety of topics such as Greek grammar, tragedies and
histories like those by Herodotus.
Ort224.13.
Aristides, Publius
Ælius, 117 - 189 AD., was a Greek rhetorician who spent much of his life giving
demonstrations of his rhetorical talents. Fifty-five of his orations have
survived, the first edition of which was printed in Florence, 1517. Visiting
Rome at the age of 26, he was struck by an illness, perhaps of a psychological
nature, from which he suffered for the rest of his life. He sought a cure in
the temple of Asclepius at Pergamum, and left an account of the dreams he
experienced there in a book called “Sacred Teachings” which is interesting as a
record of the personal religious experiences of a pagan, referred to twice in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) as “Sermones sacres”. He was known to the physician Galenus who
cited him as an example of a person whose power of oratory had “caused his body
to waste away”. In his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to his “Oratio
Aegyptiaca” 3 times as a source. Aristides, as quoted by Plinius, is also
mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578) and once in its text via Plinius. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is altogether
mentioned 19 times as a source. In lemma CNIDVS of “Thesaurus” (1596)
Aristides’ “Æsculapius” is mentioned as a source, and in lemmas DESSÆ and
GENNAIS of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers to Aristides’ “Sermonibus
sacris” as a source. In “Thesaurus” (1596) he is altogether mentioned 18 times
as a source.
Ort213.3.
Aristinetus, fl. 1st
c. AD., was a Roman general who occurs in Plutarchus’ writings. Ortelius bought
his “Epistulae” written in Greek and Latin from Plantin in 1595.
Aristobulus II, second ruler from the house of the Maccabees,
died about 62 BC., was a Jew who quarreled with his brother Hyrcanus and with
Aretas, his brothers ally, about being the king of Israel. He won, his term as
king ended in 63 BC and he was displayed in the triumph honouring Pompeius in
62 BC. He is mentioned as a source once in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and
once in his “Thesaurus” (1587) via Arrianus. In lemmas GLAVCANICÆ and IAXARTES
of “Thesaurus” (1596), Aristobulus is mentioned as a source.
Mentioned on the mapsheet Ort222.
Aristophanes, Greek: Ἀριστοφάνης, 445 - 385 BC., was a
Greek poet who wrote comedies. Ortelius owned a copy of his “Operum … Omnium,
Nova editio, Graece et Latine”, ex bibliotheca Isaaci Casauboni… 1590
containing his signature, now in the Ghent University Library. There are no
references to it in his map texts, but he is referred to twice as a source in
“Synonymia” (1578). In his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to
Aristophanes’ “Arachna” (twice), to “De Avibus” once, and to his “De Nubibus” as a source in the
lemmas CATAGELA, CICINES, LEPRIVM of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and in lemma
MIMAS of “Thesaurus” (1596). Altogether, he is mentioned 11 times as a source
in “Thesaurus” (1587) and also 11 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). In “Deorum
Dearum” (1573) there are 3 references to Aristophanes as a source.
Aristoteles, Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης, 384-322 BC., was a Greek encyclopedic writer
and tutor to Alexander the Great. He was much admired by humanists in the
Renaissance. His complete works were translated into Latin by Manutius and
supervised and commented upon by Desiderius Erasmus in 1531. Cochlæus published
his “Metereology” (Ort182,183,196,213) with comments in Nurnberg in 1512, to
which Ortelius refers 3 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587), and also in lemmas
BATHEA, CHREMETES, DANVBIVS, DODONÆI, HELLAS, HERCYNIA, IMBRI, NYSES, SIPYLVS,
THALATTA and VMBILICVM of “Thesaurus” (1596). Julius Cæsar Scalinger, father of
the well known philologist Jos. Scaliger has written a Commentary on the books
about plants by Aristoteles which was published in Leiden in 1556. The Spanish
Count Laguna translated Aristoteles’ “Peri Kosmou”, into Latin as “De
Mundo” (Ort1,2,3,189; also referred to as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578) and his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), first published in Alcala, Spain, in
1538. He also wrote “De Animalibus”, (Ort193), referred to 15 times in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 12 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), a “Letter to
Alexander the Great” (Ort16, 190, 192); also mentioned once as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587) and once in lemma IORDII of “Thesaurus” (1596), and “De
Admirandis” [about admirable matters] also known as “De Mirabilibus” [about
wonders], quoted by Apollonius Rhodius (Ort12,142,196,203,206,209,210,
211,226); also referred to 27 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587)
and 58 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). Further “Pollux” (Ort208), “Problematibus”
[Problems] (Ort213); also in lemmas ARTANES and PAESA of “Thesaurus” (1596),
“Politicorum”, referred to 3 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587)
and 11 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), and further “De Elocutione” a copy of which
Ortelius bought from Plantin in 1583 (Ort193,196,197,199,200).Ortelius also
refers to his “Proprietates Elementorum”, published in Venice, but expresses
doubt about this authorship in lemmas AGLOG, ALCHAZAR, MARE MEDITERRANEVM,
MEDECVEL, RASMI and ZINDI of “Thesaurus” (1596), suggesting an Arabic source as
well (in fact: Heinrich Quentell, Cologne, 1496). Modern scholarship has
established that “Peri Kosmou” or “De Mundo” and “Pollux” have not been written
by Aristoteles. Aristoteles’ “De Re Publica” [about public matters] is
mentioned as a source in lemmas CHAONES, HIPPONIATES, ISTHMVS and OENOTRI of
“Thesaurus” (1596). From lemma NYSES in “Thesaurus” (1596) it is clear that
Ortelius consulted both the Greek and Latin version of works of Aristoteles.
Ortelius owned a copy of the complete works of Aristotles in Greek and Latin,
edited by Casaubonus and printed in Lyon in 1590, as reported by Opde Beeck and
de Coster (2006). Aristoteles is also mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L), in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of “Synonymia”
(1578) and 14 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is altogether
mentioned 66 times as a source and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 137 times.
Ort121.10, 140.2, 142.2, 183.32,
183.33, 189.5, 189.13, 192.42, 193.51, 194.29, 196.93, 210.22, 216.11, 217.29,
219.3, 221.3;
Meteorologies Bk.1 & 2:
213.20, Bk.2: Ort182.28, 183.28, 183.32; Bk.2, Ch.8: Ort196.35;
Miracles of Nature: Ort142.12,
196.12, 196.20, 196.28, 196.32, 210.23;
De Mundo [About the World]:
Ort1.9, 2.9, 3.9, 189.27;
Letter to Alexander the Great:
16.26, 190.2, 190.35, 192.9;
On Living Creatures Bk.5-6:
Ort193.59;
De Admirandis: Ort12.9, 12.35,
196.12, 196.92, 203.14, 203.26, 203.35, 203.36, 206.10, 209.27, 209.42, 210.23,
211.6, 226.7;
Quoted by Iulius Pollux:
Ort208.9;
Problems: Ort213.10.
Politics Bk.7: Ort193.25,
196.79, Bk.8: Ort199.22, 199.65, 200.40.
Aristotle see
Aristoteles.
Arles, council of, see
Arelatensis.
Arluno Bernardinensis,
15th century, from Milan,
Italy wrote a manuscript history on Milan called “Historiarum ab origine urbis
Mediolanensis ad nostra usque tempora” later published in excerpts as “De Bello
Veneto” (six books) and “Bellum Gallicum”.
Ort125.7.
Armenius, or Haithon,
Antonie see Haitho.
Arngrimus, Jonas or Arngrimur Jónsson, 1568 – 1648, of Iceland
wrote a manuscript called “Liber de Gronlandia” which Ortelius refers to as
“Treatise on Iceland” (Ort161). Ortelius received a copy of this book from
Nathan Chytraeus in 1593 (Hessels 238).
Treatise on Iceland: Ort161.8,
161.13, 161.14, 161.16, 161.20, 161.21, 161.25, 161.26, 161.27, 161.28.
Arnobius Africanus,
fl. about 305 AD, was a famous and well respected orator who was educated in
North Africa. He has written much against the pagans, such as “Contra Gentes”
(Ort208). Ortelius bought two copies of this work from Plantin in 1586.
Ortelius refers twice to his “Adversus Gentes” in his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)
in the lemmas AGDVS and BRVNDA. In “Thesaurus” (1596) this work is mentioned in
lemmas BRVNDA and VVLCENTANVM. Altogether he is mentioned 5 times as a source
in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 9 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). Arnobius is also 3 times
mentioned as a source in “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Ort209.14, 222.11, 222.37,
222.43;
Contra Gentes Bk.6: Ort222.38,
Bk.7: Ort208.8.
Arnold Fretagh see
Frethag Arnold.
Arnoldus, late 10th
c., was abbot of Lübeck, Germany. He wrote “Slavorum Historia” also called
“Chronica Slavorum”, a rather unreliable work which Ortelius mentions once as a
source in the lemma GAVRVS of his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Arquerus, Sigismundus,
1523 – 1571, from Cagliari, Italy was burnt at the stake in Toledo. He studied
at Pisa and Siena and contributed an interesting “Sardiniæ brevis historia et
descriptio” to the second volume of Münster’s “Cosmographia”, Basel, 1550, p.
242-250. Münster also used his map of Sardinia.
Quoted by Münster: Ort141.8.
Arrianus Flavius, 95 –
175 AD., was a Greek historian from Nicomedia who became a successful officer
in the Roman army and who later was appointed consul and legate in Cappadocia.
He retired to Athens, where he was archon in 145/146. He wrote “Expeditionis
Alexandris libri septem et historia indica” (1497) or “Life of Alexander the
Great” (Ort166,200) to which Ortelius refers 5 times as a source in his
“Synonymia” (1578), 113 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 103 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596), the last book of which is called “Indike”, referred to as a
source 115 times by Ortelius as “De Indicis” in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 104
times in “Thesaurus” (1596). He also wrote “Arriani Flavii et Hannonis
Periplus” (Ort8, 12,212,224), published in Basel in 1553. This work was also
published as: “Arriani Flavii: Ponti Euxini et Maris Erythræi Periplus” and
commented on by Stuckius (Ort212,213), Geneva 1577, to which Ortelius refers 33
times in his “Synonymia” (1578), 120 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 209 times
in “Thesaurus” (1596). He also wrote about his own life, as is clear from lemma
ANDACA in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). Ramusio refers to Arrianus’ “Lettera
intorno al Mare Maggiore” and “Nearcho, navigatione in quale scritta Arriano”,
mentioned as a source in lemma SOLIS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). He also wrote
a book “On Germany” (Ort104). Arrianus is mentioned as a source 3 times in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L), in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
“Synonymia” (1578) and 119 times in its text. In lemma TEREDON of “Thesaurus”
(1587) Ortelius expresses doubt that the author of “Alexander” and “Periplus”
are the same person. Arrianus is altogether mentioned 524 times in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587) as a source. In lemma LIBANÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596) Arrianus’
“De Parthicis” is mentioned as a source, in lemma NICOMEDIVM his “De
Bithyniacis” and in lemma SOTIRA his “Syriacis” of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Altogether, he is referred to as a source
Arrianus is mentioned in the
cartouche of the Erythraei map as its source; on map sheet Ort193 he is
mentioned once, on map sheet Ort212 once, on map sheet Ort213 six times, on map
sheet Ort222 once, on map sheet Ort224 three times; further in map texts :
Ort189.7, 189.27, 199.18, 199.19, 199.61, 199.62, 200.36, 200.37, 212.3, 213.9,
214.4, 215.9, 216.43, 222.3, 222.8, 224.42, 224.45; Bk.5: Ort7.3;
De Indicis: Ort12.10, 12.36,
224.52, 224.54, 224.58;
De Indicis, commented on by
Guilelmus Stuckius: Ort212.30, 213.9
Hannonis Periplus : 8.14;
On Germany: Ort104.2, 105.52;
Life of Alexander: Ort166.8,
200.71.
Arsenius, Ferdinand and Ambrosius, flourished
abt. 1570 – 1615, were Flemish brothers and grandchildren of Gemma Frisius who
made instruments such as astrolabes, but they also engraved. Ortelius first refers
to them as his engravers , next to Hogenberg, in his 1595 Latin address to the
reader. Of the 17 new maps in the 1595 Latin edition 14 have been engraved by
the brothers Arsenius. Their engravings probably resembled each other as was
also the case for those of the brothers Deutecom. In fact, they engraved for
Ortelius from 1570 onwards 78 maps viz. Ort2,3,6,7,8,11,12,30,36,37,39,41,
42,46,47,52,
53,60,71,72,73,82,83,84,86,87,88,91,95,96,97,100,101,102,103,106,108,109,110,111,
112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,131,144,145,154,156,157,165,172,175,177,179,189,
190,191,192,197,200,207,208,209,210,211,212,221,222,223,224,226,231,234. They also engraved for Guicciardini and
further the Epitome of van der Keere, 1601.
Artapanus of Alexandria, 2nd c. BC.,
was a historian of Jewish origin, who lived in Alexandria. He wrote a history
of the Jews but his books have not survived. Parts of his work have been
preserved in the books of two later historians: Eusebius’ “Præparatio
Evangelica”, mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and Clemens
Alexandrinus’ “Stromata”. In lemma ATHOS, GOSSEN and IVDÆI of “Thesaurus”
(1596), Artapanus is mentioned as a source via Eusebius. Altogether he is
mentioned 4 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Artemidorus, late
second century AD., of Daldis in Lydia, Greece, was the author of the Greek
work "Oneiro Kritika”, an interpretation of dreams.
According to Ortelius, he also wrote “Porphyry” (Ort217), but this is
incorrect. Artimidorus as quoted by Strabo (Ort192) is also mentioned as a
source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) via Strabo
and 6 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is altogether mentioned 19
times as a source. In lemma LOS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to
Artemidorus’ “Epitome” as a source, and in lemma PANORMVS to his version of
Homerus’ “Odyssee”, book
Ort31.5, 193.35, 196.31, 220.3,
221.35;
Porphyry: Ort217.29;
Artimidorus in Ptolemæus'
Geography Ort191.14;
Artimidorus quoted by Strabo:
Ort192.77, 192.90, 224.14.
Artimedorus see
Artemidorus.
Artopœus, Petrus,
1500-1563, a theologian and grammarian of Stettin, made a map of Pomerania
which was used by Ortelius and also mentioned on the Denmark map (Ort84). He is
quoted by Münster in his Cosmographey (Ort158). In a 1579 Latin copy of the
Theatrum in the Vatican Library, Artopoeus is censured as a heretic
Ort84.5;
Quoted by Münster in his
Cosmographey: Ort158.10, 158.11, 158.28, 158.29, 158.33.
Asarubas, fl. 60 AD.,
of Cartago was a contemporary of Plinius and is quoted by him. He is mentioned
in the “Catalogus Auctorum” and in the text of the “Synonymia” (1578) once and
in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) once as quoted by Plinius.
Ascanius or Asconius Pedianus Quintus, c. 9 BC - c. 76 AD., was a Roman grammarian and
historian, probably a native of Padua. In his later years he resided in Rome,
and there he died, after having been blind for twelve years, at the age of
eighty-five. During the reigns of Claudius and Nero he compiled for his sons,
from various sources such as the Gazette (“Aetablica”), shorthand reports or skeletons (“commentarii”) of Cicero's unpublished
speeches, Tiro's life of Cicero, speeches and letters of Cicero's
contemporaries, various historical writers, e.g. Varro, Atticus, Antias,
Tuditanus and Fenestella (a contemporary of Livius whom he often criticizes).
Of his historical comments on Cicero's speeches only five have survived, viz, “in Pisonem” (mentioned twice as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1596)), “pro
Scauro”, “pro Milone”, “pro Cornelio”, “contra Verrem” in
lemma OLYMPVS of “Thesaurus” (1596) and in chapter VICTORIAE of “Deorum Dearum
(1573), and “in toga candida”,
in a very mutilated edition, under the modern title “Q. Asconii Pediani Orationvm Ciceronis qvinqve enarratio”. His
work is mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma
CAMOENARVM. Altogether, he is mentioned 3 times as a source in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 4 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). Asconius is mentioned
twice as a source in “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Asclepiades or
Sicelidas “the philosopher”, born about 320 BC., was one of the earliest Greek
writers of epigrams in the Hellenistic age, and a contemporary of Philetas and
Theocritus. He gave his name to “asclepiad” metres, used earlier by Sappho and
Alcæus, because he revived this form of poetry. His writings only survive in
Latin translation. He is mentioned once as a source in “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Ort232.18;
Quoted by Strabo Ort224.14.
Asconius see Ascanius.
Asinius Gaius Pollio, 1st c.
AD., son of Gaius Asinius Gallus and Vipsania Agrippina, was a Roman politician
and writer. He was consul in AD 23 alongside with Gaius Antistius Vetus We know
from his coins that he was proconsul of Asia. Through his mother he was the
half-brother of the younger Drusus. In 45, Pollio was exiled as an accuser of a
conspiracy and later put to death on orders from empress Valeria Messalina.
Asinius is quoted by Strabo and mentioned as such in the “Catalogus Auctorum”
of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) but not in its text. In Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596), Asinius is mentioned as a source via Strabo in lemma RHENVS.
Asinius Gaius Quadratus
Protimus.
c. 165 - after 235, was the Proconsul of Achaea c. 220. He was the brother of
Gaius Asinius Rufus, son of Gaius Asinius Nicomachus and wife and cousin Julia
Quadratilla (or perhaps Asinia Marcellina, descendant of the family of Gaius
Asinius Pollio) and paternal grandson of Gaius Asinius Rufus and wife Julia. He married and was the father of
Gaius Asinius Nicomachus Julianus, Proconsul of Asia between ca. 225 and ca.
230. Asinius Quadratus is mentioned once as a source in lemma GELYS of
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Asklepiades see Asclepiades.
Assonleville,
Christophorus of Arras 1528 - Brussels 1607 was a Belgian knight, ruler of
Altevilla, statesman, diplomat, member of the Privy Council and first
councillor of king Philips the Second and is mentioned as the dedicatee of the
Artois map (Ort73) and the Africae Propriæ map (Ort218). He wrote a letter to
Ortelius in 1587 (Hessels 151).
Mentioned as the person to whom
Ortelius dedicated the Africæ Propriæ map, Ort218.
Mentioned as the person to whom
Ortelius dedicated the Artois map, Ort73.
Athanasias or
Athanasius, saint, abt. 295 – 373, was a Greek church father and bishop of
Alexandria who was prosecuted by his enemies for his strong Christian faith.
These enemies were successful in banishing him. With the help of emperor
Constantius he returned to Alexandria in 346, only to be banished again. He
defended his faith against the Arians and wrote “Against the Arians” in 3
volumes. He also left “Letters’ and “Description of Antonius the Heremit”. His
“Concilium Alexandrinum”, “Epistola ad episcopos in Africa”, “Ad Ioannem
Pinnem” and “Apologia ad Constantinum Imp.” are mentioned as sources in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemmas ANDROMENA, LEIDÆ, PETOVIO and
PTEMENGYRIS. In “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) Athanasias’ work “Concilium
Sardinianus” is mentioned as a source in the lemmas CANALES, and , his “Ad
vitam solitarium” is mentioned as a source in lemmas lemmas SOINES and TARADVS
of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and in lemmas PHÆNO and SIEMIVM of “Thesaurus”
(1596). Altogether, he is mentioned 30 times as a source in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587). In lemmas ANTHITORVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) his “Epistola
Episcorum Aegypti” is mentioned as a source, in lemma BVLTVS his “de fuga” [about
my flight] and in lemma Petra his “Epistola ad Solitariam vitam degentes is
mentioned as a source. Altogether he is mentioned 30 times as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 38 times in “Thesaurus”(1596).
Ort184.3, 220.2, 220.6, 220.8,
221.33, 221.38, 221.41.
Athanasius see
Athanasias.
Athenæus Polybius,
about 200 AD, of Naucratis, Egypt, wrote “Deipnosofistai” [men learned in the
arts of banquets], printed in Lyon, Venice, Basel, Paris, 1556 and later, (Ort193,203,214,216,217,224),
the banquet being the forum of 23 learned men, some with the names of real
persons such as Galenus and Ulpianus, to discuss philosophy, literature, law,
medicine and other disciplines. It also contains much practical detail relating
to ancient food, wine, and dining customs, with many anecdotes. In
“Deipnosophistai” Athenæus quotes Polybius (Ort12), Posidonius (Ort203) and
Timon (Ort208,214,216,224). This work is usually referred to by Ortelius as
“Deipnosophiston”. Athenæus is referred to as a source in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 19 times in its text. Ortelius
bought a copy of “Deipnosophiston” printed in Basel from Plantin in 1581, and
he also owned a copy in Latin edited by Casaubonus, printed in Heidelberg as
reported by Op de Beeck and De Coster (2006). Athenæus is also mentioned as a
source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 19 times
in its text. In his “Thesaurus” (1587)
Ortelius refers to Athenæus’ “”Ratio fabellæ” as a source in the lemma
CYLICRANI. Altogether, Athenaeus is mentioned 131 times as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587). In lemma SCEPTRA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Athenæus quotes
Agathocles of Babylon. In “Thesaurus” (1596) Athenæus is mentioned 259 times.
In “Deorum Dearum” (1573) Athenaeus is mentioned once as a source.
Ort119.21, 189.9, 193.20,
193.23, 193.24, 194.6, 196.15, 196.16, 196.21, 196.26, 196.49, 196.70, 196.72,
196.76, 196.107, 196.116, 199.24, 199.67, 199.68, 200.46, 200.47, 203.24, 209.14,
209.17, 209.18, 210.11, 210.12, 211.12, 213.16, 214.7, 214.17, 214.18, 215.2,
216.6, 216.17, 216.21, 216.24, 216.32, 216.33, 216.38, 216.41, 216.43, 217.6,
217.14, 217.19, 217.24, 217.29, 218.8, 219.18, 220.2, 221.28, 221.33, 222.2,
222.4, 222.11, 224.8, 224.26, 224.31, 224.46, 226.53, 231.4, 231.22;
Bk. 4: Ort232.27, Bk. 5&10:
Ort232.26, Bk. 6 Ort16.27, 190.2, 190.36, 192.10, Bk.15 203.28;
Deipnosophistai: Ort193.19,
217.8;
Bk.4 & 12, quoting Timon:
Ort208.10, Bk.6: Ort192.10, 216.26; Bk.7: as reported by Polybius Ort12.9,
Bk.8: Ort193.47, Ch.1: Ort26.8, based on Polybius’ 34th book of Histories:
Ort196.27, Bk.9: Ort 142.19, quoting Posidonius Ort203.34, Bk.10: Ort214.27,
Bk.12: Ort214.15, 216.34, Bk.13: Ort196.88, Bk.14: Ort224.55;
Quoted by Dalechampius:
Ort196.28;
Quoted by Eustatius: Ort214.4;
Quoted by Sosipater: Ort196.70;
Quoting Bæton 222.2;
Quoting Polybius in his book 7:
Ort12.9, 12.35; Bk.13: Ort196.88; Bk.34 Ort196.27;
Quoting Possidonius: Ort 196.35,
196.70, 196.82, 196.86, 203.34;
Quoting Philonides: Ort224.48;
Quoting Cratinus Comicus’ De
Ulysses: Ort224.32;
Reporting to Andreas: Ort136.10
Athenagoras whoflourished in the second half
of the second century AD was a Christian apologist from Athens. Two extant
works, the “Legatio” [Plea on Behalf
of Christians], mentioned as a source in lemma OSIRIDIS of “Thesaurus” (1596),
and “On the Resurrection of the Dead”,
have traditionally been attributed to him. Athenagoras does not appear in the
ecclesiastical histories of either Eusebius, Socrates, or Sozomenus. Methodius
is the only ante-Nicene writer to mention Athenagoras. Methodius' “From the Discourse on the Resurrection” 1.7 refers to
Athenagoras’ “Plea” 24. The
only other early witness to Athenagoras is Philip of Side, a deacon of
Chrystostomos, who lived during the fifth century. According to a fourteenth
century codex, Athenagoras was the first to head the school in Alexandria. He
flourished at the time of Hadrianus and Antoninus, to both of whom he addressed
his “Plea on Behalf of Christians”.
He became a Christian while he wore the philosopher's cloak and was at the head
of the academy. His “Legatio” is mentioned once as a source in lemma TROCHOIDES
of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). Athenagoras is also mentioned as a
source in the preface of “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Athenodorus of Soli, 3rd
century BC., was a Stoic philosopher, and disciple of Zeno of Citium. He was
born in the town of Soli, Cilicia, and was the compatriot of another disciple
of Zeno, Chrysippus. Athenodorus was the brother of the poet Aratus of Soli,
the author of the long didactic poem, “Phaenomena”.
Both brothers followed the teachings of Zeno. He is mentioned in the list given
by Diogenes Laërtius as the disciple of Zeno. He may be the dedicatee of the
work “On Definite Propositions”
( Περὶ τῶν ϰαταγορευτιϰῶν) written by Chrysippus. He is mentioned once as a
source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and once in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in
the lemma GÆTVLI.
Attius Sextus Suburanus Aemilianus, commonly
abbreviated as Suburanus, date
of birth or death unknown, end of first century AD., was a prefect of the Roman
imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, during the reign of emperor
Trajanus, from 98 until 101. He acceded to the office upon the execution of his
predecessor Casperius Aelianus, who had been responsible for an insurrection
against the previous emperor Nerva. After his tenure as Praetorian prefect,
Suburanus was inducted into the Roman Senate, held the suffect consulship in
101, and then later the consulship in 104 together with Marcus Asinius
Marcellus. He is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) as quoted by Plinius, but does not occur in its text or in
later “Thesauri”.
Aubanus see Böhm.
Audeiantus, Hubertus,
fl. early 17th c., of Brugge was a friend of Lipsius who wrote an
78-line obituary for Ortelius in the 1603 Latin, 1608/1612 Italian and
1609/1612 Latin edition beginning: “ORTELII tibi divum …” and ending “…quod
erat vino, sic bene mortuo erit.” .
Audoënus or Audoinus
see Rothomagensis Episcopus.
Audomar or Audomarus,
Flemish saint, 7th c., whose feast fell on 9 November (changed from
1 November after 807), was bishop of Therouanne. He founded the monastery of
Saint Bertin in Sithiu on the river Aa, as well as the abbey of Saint Omer,
which later gave its name to the city of Saint-Omer. Audomarus died after 667
and was buried in the church of Saint Martin at Saint-Omer. Ortelius refers to
the anonymous “Vita S. Audomari” twice as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596) e.g. in the lemma AGMONIS. See also in Saints.
Augustinus, Antonius or Antonio Agustín y Albanel, 1516–1586, was a Spanish Humanist
historian, jurist and Roman Catholic archbishop of Tarragona who pioneered the
historical research of the sources of canon law. He also lived in Italy.
Ortelius refers to his “Dialogis Antiquitatum” in Spanish and Italian in the
introduction of “Deorum Dearumque Capita”
Augustinus, Aurelius,
Saint, 354 – 430, of Hippon, North Africa, wrote “De vita Christiana”, printed
in Speyer, 1471, but is best known for his “De Civitate Dei”, first printed in
Venice, 1475, (Ort189,193,196,210,218; also mentioned 6 times as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587), 13 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) and 5 times in “Deorum Dearum”(1573) Further “Sermonas ad
heremites”, Venice
Ort178.8, 179.8, 182.29, 183.29,
222.20;
De Civitate Dei: Ort193.59,
196.30, 196.106, 218.27, Bk.16: Ort189.4, Bk.18 Ch.16: Ort210.24.
Augustinus
Iustinianus, late 15th c., of Nebia was a Dominican bishop who
translated and edited Latin and Hebrew texts and who wrote comments on Corsica.
He is mentioned as a source in lemma MANICELVM of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596). Altogether he is mentioned 4 times in “Thesaurus”(1587) as a source. In lemmas CALYCADNVS and
POSTVMIA VIA of his “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers to Iustinianus’
“Genuensi Historia” as a source. Altogether, Augustinus Iustinianus is
mentioned 14 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Augustinus Justinianus
see Giustiniani.
Augustinus of Hippo,
fl. lat 16th c., wrote “Sanctorum patrum regulæ monasticæ”, Leuven
1574, containing contributions in Latin from St. Hieronymus, St. Franciscus of
Assisi, Johannes Trithemius and others. Ortelius bought a copy of this work
from Plantin in 1576.
Augustus, Emperor, 63
BC - 14 AD., also Julius Primus, was the first and perhaps the greatest of the
Roman Emperors. He ended civil war, ruled with wisdom and brought peace for
many years. He was a patron of the arts and tried to revive traditional Roman
religion. He ordered a world map to be made.
Ort3.20.
As quoted by Plinius: Ort126.11,
209.2, 209.34.
Augustus Antonius see
Antonius Augustus.
Augustus, Saint, 6th c. AD. of Bourges,
France was a friend of Saint Germanus of Paris. Monk, and abbot. He discovered
the relics of Saint Ursinus. He is mentioned as a source 4 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596), e.g. in lemmas ACTIVM and EGVITVRI.
Aurelius Cornelius see
Cornelius, Aurelius.
Aurelianum concilium V, 506
AD., was a synod held in Aurelia in the 27th year of king
Childebert. It is mentioned as a source in lemmas ELORONENSIVM, GLANATICA and
VTICA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). “Aurelianum Concilium” without a number is
mentioned twice, e.g. in lemma SAGIENSIS and “Aurelianum Concilium VI (511) is
mentioned once in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Aurelianus, Jonas 9th
c., was a German bishop who wrote “Libri Tres De Cultu Imaginum” [care of
images], published by Birkmann in Cologne, 1554. He is mentioned as a source in
lemmas FVSSALENSIS and SYNICENSIS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Aurelianus, Lucius
Dominicus, late 5th c., is venerated as a Christian saint. He is the second
bishop of Limoges, France. Aurelianus was originally a pagan priest who wanted
to throw Martialis or Marcialis into prison. However, Aurelianus was struck dead
as he attempted to do so. Martialis brought him back to life, baptized him as a
Christian, ordained him as a priest, and consecrated him as bishop. In lemma
TVLLVM of his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) Ortelius refers to his “Vita Marcialis”
as a source. He is mentioned 3 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596). In lemma APTA IVLIA of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to the 5th
council of Aurelianus as a source.
Aurelius, Julianus, 1st
c. AD., wrote “De cognominibus Deorum”, printed in Antwerp in 1541. Ortelius
refers to it twice as a source in “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Aurelius, Marcus, 121
-
Ort32.21.
Aurelius Sextus Victor
see Victor Aurelius
Aurifaber, Andreas,
also Goldschmidt or Goudsmit, 1514 – 1559, of Vratislava was a doctor in
Königsberg, Prussia and court physician to Duke Albrecht of Prussia. In 1551 he
wrote “Succini Historia” a history of amber (Ort156,157), referred to as once a
source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma GLESSARIA. Jacob
Monau sent Ortelius a copy of his book in German, and promised to send one in
Latin, together with a beautiful piece of amber (Hessels 106).
On Amber: Ort156.19, 157.19,
157.25.
Aurigarius, Lucas see
Waghenaer.
Aurogallus, Matthäus or Matthäus Goldhahn, Komotau, Bohemia
1490 – Wittenberg, November 10, 1543, was a German linguist. He worked as
professor of Hebrew at the university of Wittenberg and was a colleague of
Philip Melanchthon and Martin Luther. He assisted Luther in the revision of the
reformer's translation of the Old Testament. He wrote “De locis Hebraeorum” of
which Ortelius bought a copy from Plantin in 1590. Aurogallus is once mentioned
as a source in lemma SYCAMINOS of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and 2 times
in lemmas DORA and MESOPOTAMIA of
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Ausonius Decimus
Maximus, 309 – 394, was born in Bordeaux, France. He wrote “Lectiones” which
were commented on and published by Elias Vinet and Jos. Scaliger in Leiden in
1574. He also wrote an “Epigram on Queen Dido” (Ort223), “Perioche” (Ort224) to
which Ortelius refers once as a source in “Synonymia” (1578), also once in his
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596), and “Epitaphs” (Ort224). In his “Thesaurus” (1587),
Ortelius refers 13 times to his “Epistolae” as a source and mentions “Epistolæ
Paulini” specifically 3 times. In Thesaurus” (1596) Ausonius’ “Epistolae” are
mentioned 15 times, including 3 times to “Paulinum”. In “Thesaurus” (1587),
Ausonius mentions “Epistola ad Theonem” twice as a source and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) once. Ausonius also quotes from “Saint Paulinus” (Ort189) and is quoted
by Scaliger (Ort193) and Vinetus (Ort37, Ort194). Ortelius refers to his
“Mosellæ Idyllius” 5 x in his “Synonymia” (1578), 6 x in his “Thesaurus” (1587)
and 7 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). His “Descriptio Narbonæ” is mentioned once,
as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578) and once in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in
lemma TECTOSAGES. In the lemmas EVROPA in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), RVTVPIÆ in
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), TARBELLA in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and VASSATES of
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) Ortelius refers to his “De Parentalibus” or
his “Parentalia”. In the lemma NEMAVSVS (“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), Ortelius refers
to his “Descriptio Burdigalæ” and in lemma VALLEBANA in “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596) to his “Epigrammatae”. In lemma VASSATES of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)
Ortelius refers to Ausonius’ De Vita Epicedii” as a source. In lemma BAIOCASSES
of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to Ausonius’ “De Professoribus carmen
Ort38.2, 38.6, 38.14, 47.4,
60.3, 60.11, 165.8, 196.15, 196.105, 197.19, 198.22, 203.10, 206.2, 209.13-18,
224.2, 224.8, 224.10, 224.22;
Epigram on Queen Dido:
Ort223.13;
Perioch Bk.9: Ort224.7, 224.13;
Epitaphs: Ort224.30;
Quoting Saint Paulinus: 189.2;
Quoted by Scaliger: Ort193.9;
Quoted by Vinetus: Ort194.32;
Quoted by Vinetus from his
Cupido poem: Ort37.13.
Austen, Saint, or Austin
or Augustinus of Canterbury, died in 604 or 605, was the first archbishop of Canterbury. He converted and baptised many
thousands of Anglosaxons around 597. Bede gives details about his life.
Ort196.106.
Auxenius of Bithyna, saint who died in 473, was a hermit who was cleared
of heresy at the council of Chalcedon. He became a Roman Catholic saint. His
life, as reported by Metaphrastes, is mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma AVXENTIVS.
Avenius see Avienus.
Aventinus, Ioannes or Johann, 1477 – 1534, was a Bavarian
historiographer who wrote and published “Annales ducum Boiariæ” [annals of the
dukes of Bavaria] (Ort1,2,3,56,57,109, referred to once as a source in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578), once in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and twice in lemma ATILIA of
“Thesaurus” (1596). His “Annalium Boiorum” was published in Ingolstad, Germany
in 1554, Frankfurt 1566, and unexpurgated in Basel, Switzerland in 1560. It
deals with other regions than Bavaria as well. He also wrote “Germaniae veteris
description”, published in Strasbourg, of which Ortelius bought a copy from
Plantin in 1591. Aventinus is mentioned as the maker of the Ortelius’ Bavaria
map (Landshut, 1523, Ort109). He is included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the
“Theatrum” from 1570 onwards, mentioning his Bavaria map. In a 1579 Latin copy
of the Theatrum in the Vatican Library, Aventinus is censured as a heretic.
Aventinus is mentioned as a source 38 times in “Synonymia” (1570L), 39 times in
“Synonymia” (1571L), 49 times in “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L) and as a
source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), and 38
times in its text, sometimes referring to his Bavarian Annals. In “Thesaurus”
(1587) he as altogether mentioned 40 times as a source and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) 47 times.
Mentioned on the first Bavaria
map as its maker, Ort109.
Ort100.4, 100.9, 105.12, 106.12,
107.2, 108.15, 109.7, 110.7, 152.7, 153.7, 194.32;
Bavarian Annals Bk.2: Ort1.31,
2.31, 3.34, 56.7, 56.8., 57.8, 109.7.
Quoting Ptolemæus : 107.15,
108.2, 108.15.
Aventius see
Aventinus.
Avicenna, 973 – 1037,
was an Arab physician also called Abu Ali al-Husain ibn Abdalla Ibn Sinna, who
wrote “De ægritudinibus nervorum”, an early treatise on nervous diseases,
Strasbourg, 1473, and “Liber Canonis De Medicinis cordialibus; Cantica; De
remoedis documentis in regimine sanitatis; De Syropo acetoso”, Venice, 1562.
Avicenna is also once mentioned as a source in lemma MONDEL of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596).
Ort164.2, 180.44;
Bk.2, Tome 2, Ch.283: Ort175.6,
Bk.2, Tract.2, Ch.596: Ort180.22,
Bk.2, Tract 2, Ch.47 Ort221.6.
Avienus see Rufus Festus Avienus.
Axonius see Gravianus.
Baartwijck, Jean
Antoine see Barvicius.
Babenbergius, Lupoldus
or Leopold von Bebenberg, 14th c., was a German professor of civil
and canon law, and bishop of Bamberg, Germany in 1340. His tracts “De zelo
veterum regum Galliae et Germaniae principum” and “De iuribus regni et imperii”
[about the rights of king and emperor], first published in Strasbourg in 1506,
also in Paris, 1540 and Cologne, 1564. He is mentioned once as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1596). in lemma MORTARIA.
Babylonius, Abdias, 1st
c. AD, was bishop of Babylon and one of the earliest Christian writers. He
wrote “Virtutes Iohannis”, “De morte Herodis” and “Historia certaminis
Apostoli” (published in 1566, 1569 and 1576). His “Vita St. Andreæ” is
mentioned once as a source in lemma MYRMIDON of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596) and his “Vita Matthæi apostoli” once in lemma NADDAVER in “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596). His “Historia Simonis et Iudæ” is mentioned once as a source in
lemma SVANIR of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and altogether 5 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Bacchilides, Greek: Βακχυλίδης, 5th century
BC., was an ancient Greek lyric poet. Later Greeks included him in the
canonical list of nine lyric poets which included his uncle Simonides. The
elegance and polished style of his lyrics have been a commonplace of
Bacchylidean scholarship since at least Longinus (De Sublimitate 33,5). Some scholars however have associated
these qualities with superficial charm. He is referred to once as a source in
lemma POENESSA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587).
Baccius, Andreas, 1524
– 1600, was a physician from St. Elpidio, Italy who wrote “De Thermis” [about
hot baths], Venice, 1571, 1588; also referred to in the map text of Ort142,
once as a source in “Synonymia” (1578), once in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 16 times
in “Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in lemmas GABIVSA and THERMÆ STYGIANÆ, a copy of
which Ortelius bought from Plantin in 1586. Further he wrote about the wines of
Italy (Ort123), “De naturali vinorum historia”, Rome, 1596, of which Ortelius
bought a copy in 1598 from Plantin, and “De methodo medendi per balnea”[Healing
through baths]. This work of Baccius is mentioned 16 times as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L), in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
“Synonymia” (1578) and 8 times in its text, sometimes referring to his Baths.
In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 13 times as a source, referring twice to
Baccius’ Balnea”, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) he is altogether mentioned 17 times
as a source. His “Balnea” is mentioned once as a source in lemma TVNGRORVM
FONS. In lemma PLVITALIA of “Thesaurus” (1596) Baccius quotes Alexander
Giraldinus.
Baths of the whole world:
Ort142.6, 142.11, 142.21, 142.23.
On the Wines of Italy, Bk.6:
Ort123.10.
Badius, Jodocus, or Josse Badius or Josse Bade
or Ascensius, 1462–1535, from the village of Asse, near Brussels, where
he was born, became an eminent pioneering printer in Paris. Badius's shop was
one of the most productive of the period 1501–1530: 775 editions are listed in
the bibliography in Philippe Renouard’s “Imprimeurs
& libraires parisiens du XVIe siècle”. He frequently
worked for or in partnership with Jean Petit, who was by far the most important
wholesale bookseller/publisher of this period. Badius is mentioned as a source
in lemma NAVPHRA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Bæton, a mythical
figure featuring in Plato’s “Phædo” is quoted by Athenæus (Ort222) in his
“Deipnosophiston”.
Quoted by Athenæus: Ort222.2.
Balagrus, 3rd c. BC., was a Greek author
who wrote about the Macedonians. He is referred to as a source in lemma AMOLBVS
of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1596).
Balbi see Balbus, Casparis.
Balbinus Decimus
Caelius Calvinus, 165 – 238, was jointly Roman emperor with Pupienus
between April and July of 238. Balbinus was an admired orator, a poet of
distinguished fame, and a wise magistrate, who had exercised with applause the
civil jurisdiction in almost all the interior provinces of the empire. Balbinus
is mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma
CARPI.
Balbus, Casparis or
Balbi, Gasparo,16th century, was a merchant in gems from Venice,
Italy wrote an itinerary entitled “Viaggio dell’ Indie orientali ..dal 1579
fino al
Journal of India: Ort164.12.
Balbus, Lucius Cornelius Major, born in Gades early in
the first century BC., served under Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius and
Pompeius against Sertorius in Hispania. For his services against Sertorius the
Roman citizenship was conferred upon him and his family by Pompeius. He gained
the friendship of Julius Caesar, who placed great confidence in him. Becoming
friendly with all parties, he had much to do with the formation of the first
Triumvirate, and was one of the chief financiers in Rome. Balbus attached
himself to Caesar, and, in conjunction with Oppius, had the entire management
of Caesar's affairs in Rome. Subsequently, Balbus became Caesar's private
secretary, and Cicero was obliged to ask for his good offices with Caesar. The
year of his death is not known. Balbus kept a diary of the chief events in his
own and Caesar's life (“Ephemeris”),
which has been lost. He took care that Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic war
should be continued. In his
“Thesaurus” (1587) Ortelius refers twice to Balbus’ “De limitibus”, and
altogether mentions him 25 times as a source. In “Thesaurus” (1596) “De
limitibus” is mentioned twice as a source, the second reference in lemma
INTERAMNA states that this reference was based on a manuscript. In lemma
REGINENSIS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to Balbus’ “De rebus agrariis”
via a manuscript by Nansius.in “Thesaurus” (1587) Balbus is altogether
mentioned 25 times as a source, and in
“Thesaurus” (1596) 15 times.
Balduinus Flandrus or
Flandricus, 16th c., was a Flemish author who wrote “Excidium Morini
oppidi carmine elegiaco”. He also edited Nicetas, referred to 3 times as a
source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and twice in lemmas DIDYMOTICHOS and
HALMYRVS of “Thesaurus” (1596). Altogether, Balduinus is mentioned 3 times as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 5 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ballinus, Julius who
died in 1592, was a lawyer and geographer from Venice, Italy who published
“Disegni delle più illustri itta e Fortezze del mondo, con una breve istoria
delle origine et accidenti loro” [about cities] (Ort1,2,3) in Venice in
Cities (in Italian): Ort1.52,
2.52, 3.57.
Balsamon, Theodorus,
1140 – 1195, was a Byzantine historian who wrote “On the powers of the
Patriarch of Constantinople”, mentioned as a source in lemma SEBASTENI of
“Thesaurus” (1596), and also “Scholia”and “Syntagma”. He is referred to as a
source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587); in the lemmas MARADVNVM, MINDANA and
MYSTIENSIS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to his “Epistola Basilij
ad Amphilogium”. He edited Photius, as appears from lemmas HELENO and TEMENSIS
in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). Altogether, he is mentioned 33 times as a source
in “Thesaurus” (1587). In lemmas CALOTYCHAS and REGETSELITANÆ of “Thesaurus”
(1587), Balsamon’s “Commentaria in Concilio Carthaginensis Sexto” is mentioned
as a source. In lemma OXEA of “Thesaurus” (1596) his “Synodus VII” is mentioned
as a source. Altogether, Balsamon is mentioned 37 times in “Thesaurus” (1596)
as a source.
Ort218.16.
Baptist Raymond see
Raymond Baptist.
Barbaro Hermolius see
Ermolao Barbaro.
Barbarus Josephus or
Barbaro Giosafat, 1413 – 1494, was a Venetian patrician who was sent to Tartary
and Persia as an envoy in 1473. His “Itineraria” [travel reports] (Ort163) were
published by Ramusio as “Viaggio della Tana e nella Persia” in 1545. Ortelius
refers to this work twice as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578) in the lemmas
HIEROSOLYMA, and ISTHMVS and once in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in lemma ISTHMVS.
He is mentioned twice as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L,
1575L). Barbarus is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 13 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596) he is mentioned 12 times as a source.
Ort167.10;
Travels: Ort163.8.
Barbosa, Duarte who
died in 1521, was a Portuguese sea explorer who wrote an itinerary which was
published by Ramusio in 1588. Barbosa died together with Magellan on the first
voyage around the world.
Ort164.19.
Barbosa, Emanuel, 1546
– 1639, from Oporto, Portugal, was a lawyer with a keen interest in geography.
He wrote Ortelius a letter in 1593 (Hessels 240) and in 1594 (Hessels 258). He
is mentioned as a source in lemmas CINNIANA and NEBIS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Barbosa, Odoardus see
Barbosa, Duarte.
Barbuda, Ludovicus
Georgius see Barbuda, Luiz .
Barbuda, Luiz Jorge
de, fl. 1575 – 1599, was a Jesuit and an important Portuguese chartmaker who in
the 1570s appears to have defected to Spain, where he held important positions
in the “Casa del Contraction” in Sevilla. He supplied a manuscript draft map of
China to Ortelius upon which Ortelius’ China map (Ort164) was based. He and his
China map are first included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” in 1579.
Ludovicus Georgius is mentioned
in the cartouche of the Chinæ map as its maker, Ort164.
Bardi, Girolamo, 16th
c., was an Italian author who wrote “Chronologia Universale” which was sent to
Ortelius by Francesco Soranzo from Venice (Hessels 85).
Barentsz, Willem, c.
1550 – 1597, was a Dutch navigator and cartographer who published a map of the
Northern polar sea, Amsterdam, 1598. He and his Northern Regions map are
included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of 1601.
Barlaam &
Josaphat, 7th century AD., are not authors but a book of unknown
authorship, a most famous spiritual guide throughout the Middle Ages,
expressing an apology of Christian life. It also contains a narration about
Ethiopia about which Ortelius indicates that there is a copy of it in the
Augustan library (Ort8).
Ort8.14.
Barland, Adrianus,
1488-1542, of Zeeland, the Netherlands, later Louvain, Belgium, is a historian
who wrote “Catalogus insigniorum oppidorum inferioris Germaniæ”, which was
published in Antwerp in 1526, and also “Descriptio Hollandiæ et Zelandiæ” and
“Itinerarium Belgicum”.
Ort78.8.
Barlandus see Barland.
Barlæus, Melchior, fl.
around 1560, was a Flemish poet, and uncle of the well-known Caspar Barlæus. He
wrote “Libri V Brabantiados” (Ort65). Ortelius refers to his “De diis gentium”
in the preface of “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Brabant: Ort65.14.
Barlesio Martino see
Barletius.
Barlet see Barletius.
Barletius, Martin,
late 15th century, from Italy wrote “De obsidione Scodrensi 1477”,
Venice 1504, “De vita et laudibus Scanderbergii” (Ort144,145), Rome, 1506, and
“Compendium vitarum summorum pontificum et imp. Romanorum usque ad Marcellum
II”, Rome, 1555. Barletius is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum”
of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and three times in its text. In “Thesaurus”
(1587) he is mentioned 6 times as a source and in Thesaurus” (1596) 14 times.
Life of Scanderberg: Ort144.12,
145.16.
Baronius, Cæsar, 1538
– 1607, was an Italian ecclesiastical historian and cardinal; in the Roman
Catholic church who wrote “Annales Ecclesiastici” published by Plantin.
Ortelius bought a copy of this work in 1589 and again in 1595 and refers to
this work as a source in lemmas AQVAE SALVIAE, BVSAN, FORVM APPII, IAMNA,
IANICVLVM, INFVLO, IVLIA, LABILENSE, LISANICVLVS, MAGO, MAGODIA, NVPSAS,
NYMPHAS, PAZVS, SCOTORVM, THERMA, TRES TABERNÆ, TRICON and ZABDICENA of “Thesaurus”
(1596). He also wrote “Martyrologium Historia Romanum circa annum Christi
Book 6: Ort184.14.
Barreiros Caspar, also Gaspar Varrerius who died in 1574, was a Spaniard
living in Portugal, Ortelius calls him “doctissimus” and “diligens”.Barreiros
travelled to Italy and wrote “Chorographia” Coimbra, Portugal 1561, describing
in the Portuguese language a number of Italian cities from Bajadoz to Milan to
which Ortelius refers as a source 6 times in his “Synonymia” (1578), 8 times in
his “Thesaurus” (1587), and 7 times in lemmas FORVM VOCONII, IACTVM, ITALIA,
OCELVM, PAX IVLIA, TVRDVLI and VISOMTIVM of “Thesaurus” (1596), evidence that
Ortelius could read Portuguese. He also wrote “De regione Ophira” to which
Ortelius refers once as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578), once in “Thesaurus”
(1587) and twice in lemmas OPHIR and TAPROBANA of “Thesaurus” (1596), further
“Observationes cosmographicæ” and “Itinerarium Lusitanica” (in Portuguese) to
which Ortelius refers twice as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578), twice in his
“Thesaurus” (1587), and twice in “Thesaurus” (1596) referring to its language
as “Lusitanican” [Portuguese]. His “De Ophyra regione” is mentioned as a source
in lemma OPHIR of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). His “Chorographia”, written in
Portuguese, is mentioned as a source in lemma EBVROBRITIVM of “Thesaurus”
(1596). He is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578), and 87 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is
altogether mentioned 85 times as a source and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 91 times.
Ort9.26, 10.26, 11.27, 11.68.
Barrio see Barro, João
de.
Barrius, Gabriele,
1506 – 1577, was an Italian author from Francica, Calabria who wrote “De
antiquitate et situ Calabriæ”, Rome 1571, also published by Plantin in 1571
(Ort139,140,210). Ortelius refers to both editions. Barrius’ “Calabria” is
mentioned as a source 22 times in Ortelius’ “Synonymia, 1578, 48 times in his
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 29 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), where in lemma NAPITIAM
Ortelius calls this work “mendosißimus” [full of lies]. Further “De laudibus
Italiæ” (1571). He is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), and 106 times in its text. Barrius quotes
Herodotus in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) in the lemma MILETVM and Varro in the
lemma MINERVÆ. He quotes Cato’s “Origines” in “Synonymia” (1578) in the lemma
TAVRISCI, also in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in lemma TAVROCINIVM and further
Cicero’s “Ad Atticum” in lemmas SEDECVLA, SINVESSANÆ, SOLONIVM and TREBVLANVM
in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and in lemma SEDECVLA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Barrius quotes Josephus in lemma RHEGIVM IVLIVM of “Thesaurus” (1596). Barrius
quotes Saint Thomas in lemma SAMOS of “Thesaurus” (1596). Ortelius bought a copy
of “Calabria” from Plantin in 1576 and refers to it very frequently in his
“Synonymia” (1578) and his “Thesaurus” (1587), also mentioning an edition
printed in Rome, but very unreliable, as stated in lemma NAPITIAM of
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). In the text of “Synonymia” (1578) Barrius is
altogether mentioned 106 times as a source, in “Thesaurus” (1587) 98 times and
in “Thesaurus” (1596) 141 times.
Ort210.15, 224.22;
Calabria: Ort139.10, 210.16, Bk.1-5: Ort140.10.
Barro or Barros, João
de, 1496 – 1570, or Ioannes Barrius or Barrosus is the most important
Portuguese historian of the age or discoveries. He wrote “De Asia Decadae 1-
Decades on Asia: Ort1.68, 2.68,
3.74, 164.19, 166.8, 166.10, 167.5, 167.14, Ch.1: Ort26.8,also on 8-sheet map of
Asia.
First Decade on Asia, Bk.3 Ch.3:
Ort177.30;
Cosmae Indopleutes, cited by
Gyllius: Ort166
Book on Africa: Ort8.15.
Barthema, Ludovicus
see Barthema, Luigi.
Barthema or Varthema,
Luigi, also Ludovicus Vartomannus, c. 1470-1517, is one of the most important
Italian explorers. He travelled through Ethiopia, Egypt, Arabia, Syria and
India. His travel reports were translated into Latin by Archangelo Medrignano
and published in Rome in
Mentioned in text block lower
right of Ort1,2 & 3 as reporting on the vastness of the Southern continent.
Ort1.70, 2.70, 3.76, 6.5, 7.7,
166.8.
Bartholini, Richard,
16th century, from Perugia, Italy was in the service of the Cardinal
of Gurk. He wrote “De bello Norico [about the Bavarian war], Austriados libri
duodecim” [twelve books on Austria] (Ort1,2,3; also once in lemma ROMARICI of “Thesaurus”
(1596)) Strasbourg 1516, which contained “Scholae” by Jacob Spiegelius
(Ort111b). Bartholinus also wrote“Hodœporicon cardinalis Gurcensis”.
Austria Bk.4/8: Ort1.27, 2.27,
3.30, 111.8.
Bartholomaeus Anglicus, or Bartholomew the
Englishman flourished abt. 1220 –1240, and was Franciscan encyclopaedist
who was long famous for his encyclopaedia, “De proprietatibus
rerum” [On the Properties of Things]. Bartholomaeus lectured in divinity at
the University of Paris and became a Franciscan about 1225. Though primarily
interested in Scripture and theology, he covered in his 19-volume encyclopaedia
all the customary knowledge of his time and was the first writer to make
available the views of Greek, Jewish, and Arabic scholars on medical and
scientific subjects. The immense popularity of his work is shown by the very
large number of manuscript copies of it found in European libraries. His “de
proprietatibus” is mentioned once as a source in lemma HADRAMOT of “Thesaurus”
(1596) without mentioning the authors name but by claiming it to be an Arabic
source, also saying that this work is falsely attributed to Aristoteles.
Bartholomæus
Laurentius Ananiensis, 13th century, was an Italian travel companion
to Guilelmus de Ruysbroek or von Rubruck, about 1220 - about 1270, on his
travels in Western and Central Asia, the experiences of which were recorded in
Ruysbroek’s “Itinerarium” in 1253. He is mentioned as a source 29 times in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 23 times in “Thesaurus” (1596)..
Ort1.50, 2.50, 3.55, 22.31.
Bartholomeus, Ioannes Marlianus see Marlianus
Bartholomæus Amantius
see Amantius Bartholomæus.
Bartholomæus de las
Casas see Casas.
Bartholomæus Marlianus
see Marlianus, Bartholomeus.
Bartholomæus
Saligniaco see Saligniaco Bartholomæus.
Barvicius or
Baartwijck, Jean Antoine, abt. 1555 – 1620, of Cologne was from 1589 onwards
first secretary of the chancellory of emperor Rudolf the second in Prague. He
wrote a letter to Ortelius (Hessels 77) concerning his “Synonymia”. He was
asked by Ortelius in 1578 to inspect the Peutinger tables in Speyer, the first
effort to locate these maps. He contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (f.95
v, 96, in 1575).
Bassianensis see
Niger, Franz.
Bassianus see Niger,
Franz.
Baumgarten, Martin von, 1473 – 1535, of Breitenbach was a German noblman
and author who wrote “Peregrinatio in Aegyptum, Arabiam, Palaestinam et
Syriam”, published in Nurnberg in 1594. Ortelius refers to this as a source in
lemma THERASIA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Bavo, Saint, 589 – 654. This famous hermit, also called Allowin, was a
nobleman, and native of that part of Brabant called Hesbaye. After having led a
very irregular life he was left a widower, and was moved to conversion to God
by a sermon which he heard Saint Amand preach at Ghent. Going home he
distributed all his money among the poor, and went to the monastery at Ghent
that was afterwards called by his name. His “Vita” is mentioned as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma BEILA.
Bayfius, Lazarus, 1496? – 1536, was a French naval engineer who wrote
the first book on shipbuilding, “De re navali”, published in Paris in 1536.
Ortelius refers to this book once as a source in lemma HERMONIS of his
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Beatus Rhenanus or Beat Bild von Rheinau, 1485 – 1547, published and
commented on Tacitus’ “Germania” (Ort112,227,230) and also on Velleius
Paterculus’ “Historia Romana, 1520. Also: a report on the war between the Goths
and Vandals by Procopius as “Rerum Germanicarum libri III”, (Ort227) in Basel Switzerland, 1531, see further
below. In “Synonymia” (1578) and in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Beatus quotes
Ausonius in the lemma LVPONDVM. Rhenanus and his “Germania” is mentioned 118
times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L) 119 times in “Synonymia”
(1571L), 122 times in “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L) and in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), 127 times in the text of “Synonymia”
(1578), 119 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 120 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). In
the last mentioned work, Rhenanus quotes Ammianus Marcellinus, e.g. in lemma
SEBVSIANI. In his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers 4 times to the
Peutinger maps via Rhenanus, e.g. in lemmas HERCVLIS, IVLIOMAGVS and VAPLVARII.
In lemma BRIGOBANNIS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers again to Rhenanus as
a source for the Peutinger tables. Beatus ordered a copy to be made of the
Peutinger maps, but the copyist died soon afterwards and the project was
abandoned. In lemma ANISVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to
Rhenanus’ “Calendarium” as a source.
Ort44.10, 45.9, 56.7, 57.8,
67.11, 112.8, 115.4, 199.35, 200.5, 228.6, 228.8, 230.3;
German Histories: 227.3, Bk.1:
Ort112.10, 230.4, 230.6, Bk.3: Ort230.9.
Bebenburg see
Babenbergius.
Becanus, Ioannes
Goropius, Hilvarenbeek, 1518 - Maastricht 1572, or Jan van Gorp of the
Netherlands was a physician with linguistic interests who wrote “Origines
Antwerpianæ sive Cimmeriorum Becceselana libri IX, in quibus: Atvatica, Gigantomachia,
Niloscopium, Chronia Indo-Scythica, Saxsonica, Goto-Danica, Amazonica, Venetica
et Hyperborea” [on the origin of people, 9 books, in which etc.],
(Ort1,2,3,56,58,65,66,115,174,189; also referred to 3 times as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 4 times in “Thesaurus” (1596)), published at his own
expense by Plantin in 1569. Ortelius refers to this work 11 times as a source
in his “Synonymia” (1578), unjustly praising its etymologies, 4 times in his
“Thesaurus” (1587), and 7 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), noting that a new
version of this work has not yet been published and that his information has
been taken from Becanus’ manuscript. Ortelius bought 3 copies of this book from
Plantin in 1569 and another copy in 1570. Posthumously, Plantin published
“Opera hactenus in lucem non edita, nempe Hermathena, Hieroglyphica, Vertumnus,
Gallica, Francica, Hispanica, Antwerpen,
Ort 12.23, 12.47, 63.2, 63.8,
178.7, 179.7, 197.2, 198.2, 199.35, 200.5;
Origin and nature of the World,
Becceselana: Ort1.57, 2.57, 3.62, 56.3, 56.17, 57.3, 58.7, 59.7, 65.14, 66.14,
115.12, 174.5b, 174.10; Bk.8-9: Ort189.32-34;
Gallica: Ort194.29, 194.32.
Beccadelli, Antonio,
see Panormitanus.
Beda Venerabilis, the
venerable Bede, 673 – 735, was a Benedict clergyman who wrote “Historia
ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum”, an Anglo-Saxon ccclesiastical history much
quoted by later British historians, which first appeared in print in
Strasbourg, 1475. It is the most important work of the “greatest English
Historian” and gives an account of Christianity in England from its beginnings
to Bede’s own days, scrupulously citing earlier sources. Ortelius refers to
this work as a source 6 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 7 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596), in lemma METALLOFANENSIS calling it a martyrology. Ortelius
bought a copy of his “Ecclesiastica” in 1584 from Plantin. Beda is the only
source providing information on Cædmon, 670, one of the earliest English poets,
whose only authentic fragment is included. Beda is also mentioned as a source
in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 13 times in its
text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned as a source 66 times and in
“Thesaurus” (1596) 71 times.
Beda is mentioned 3 times on the
mapsheet of Ort190, and twice on Ort192; further in map texts:
Ort16.10, 16.24, 16.70, 19.19, 19.45f, 23.4, 192.44,
192.60, 192.62, 192.63, 192.72.
Beke, Liévin van der see
Torrentius Lævinus.
Belegerius see
Belgius.
Belerium does not seem
to be an author but rather an attribute meaning: “coming from Land’s End”, the most
western point of Cornwall.
Ort192.15.
Bellanus see Thorius.
Bellarmatus,
Hieronymus or Girolamo Bellarmati, 1493 – 1555, was an engineer in Italy and
France who published a 4-sheet map of Tuscany, published in
Rome, 1536, which was used by Ortelius for his own Tuscany map (Ort130).
Ortelius refers to this map in his “Catalogus Auctorum” from 1570 onwards, and
once as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578), and in his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)
in the lemma PRILLE. Bellarmati is also mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and once in its text.
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the Tuscany map as its maker, Ort130. Further in the map texts:
Ort1.50, 1.61,2.61,3.54, 3.67,
34.8, 36.20, 37.13, 37.15,
Bellarminus, Robertus or Roberto Francesco
Romolo Bellarmino, Montepulciano, October 4, 1542 – Rome, September 17,
1621, was een Italian jezuït en Roman Catholic cardinal. He wrote a catechism.
In lemma MASSA of “Thesaurus” (1596) his “Instrumentum publicum Germanorum
principium” is mentioned as a source.
Belleforest, François de, see Belleforestius, Franciscus.
Belleforestius,
Franciscus, 1530 – 1583, mostly worked as a translator. His “Cosmographie”
(Ort37,38,43), Paris 1575, is an excerpt from Münster. Hence Ortelius calls him
the French Münster. Ortelius bought his “Cosmography” from Plantin in 1571. He is also mentioned in
the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 4 times in its
text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 63 times as a source and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) 43 times.
Ort1.50, 1.61, 2.50, 2.61,3.54,
3.67, 34.8, 36.20, 37.13, 37.15, 37.25, 37.28, 40.5, 40.10, 41.4, 42.5, 43.10,
46.2, 46.8, 47.3, 47.7, 47.9, 47.21, 49.9, 49.19, 49.32, 53.14, 53.18, 54.3,
54.7, 54.12, 54.16;
Universal Cosmography: 37.23,
38.7, 38.15, 43.5.
Bellet, François, late
16th c., was a typesetter and ink maker at Moretus who translated
the text of 10 new maps into French for the verso texts of the 1598 Fench
edition of the “Theatrum”.
Bellon see Bellonius.
Bellonius or Bellon,
Pierre, 1517 – 1564, travelled in the Orient as a companion of Gilles. He wrote
about these travels with particular attention to natural history in “Les
Observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses mémorables, trouvées en Grèce,
Asie, Judée, Egypte, Arabie et des autres pays estranges, rédigées en trois
livres” (Ort39,146,147,148,149,159,170,171,172,174,181); also referred to 3
times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 4 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596), published in Paris, 1553, 1588. L’Ecluse has translated this work into
Latin, published in Antwerp, 1589. Ortelius bought a copy of this work from
Plantin in the same year and refers to it as a source in lemma BORMISCVS of
“Thesaurus” (1596). Bellonius also wrote on fish, birds, the last subject
referred to in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and in
“Thesaurus” (1596) as Bellonius’ “De Avibus” [about birds]. Part of his
“Observations” is mentioned as a source e.g. in lemma CASSANDREA of “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596). He also wrote on similar subjects (Ort106) in which he included a
map of Lemnos, used by Ortelius (Ort149). Bellonius and his “Observations” are
mentioned 27 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L), 84 times in
“Synonymia” (1571L), 106 times in “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L) and further
in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 64 times in its
text. In “Thesaurus” (1587), he is mentioned as a source 63 times and in
“Thesaurus” (1596) 67 times..
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the Cyprus map as the maker of the inset map of Lemnos, Ort149. Further in map
texts:
Ort147.2, 147.3, 147.5, 147.6,
147.9, 147.12, 147.25, 147.27, 147.28, 148.6, 148.7, 148.8, 148.9, 148.10,
148.19, 149.11, 149.12, 168.8, 169.3, 169.16, 174.2, 174.3, 174.5a;
Observations: Ort39.13, 147.11,
147.29, 148.14, 170.8, Bk.1: 146.13, 146.14, 146.21, 149.14, 159.8, 170.8,
171.8, 172.27, 174.10, 174.16, 181.11.
About Fish: Ort105.12, 106.12;
Bellovacensis,
Vincentius see Vincentius of Beauvais.
Bellunensis, Urbanus,
15th century, wrote the first Greek grammar in Latin.
Ort175.6.
Belon see Bellonius.
Belvacensis,
Vincentius see Vincentius of Beauvais.
Bembo see Bembus.
Bembus, Petrus, 1470 –
1547, was a Venetian Cardinal and humanist who wrote about Mount Ætna in “De
Ætna ad Gabrielem liber” (Ort141), Venice 1495, 1530, Lyon 1552. He also wrote
“Hieroglyphical Egyptian Table” (Ort221), also referred to as a source in
“Deorum Dearum” (1573), where Ortelius says that he possessed a copy of this
work.
Mount Ætna: Ort141.6;
Hieroglyphical Egyptian Table:
Ort221.37.
Benedetto Giovio see
Jovius Benedictus.
Benedictinus,
Henricus, 16th c., was a clergyman from Auxerre, France, who wrote
“Divi Germani quondam Altissiodorensis episcope vita, carmine conscripta”,
published by Colinæus in Paris, 1543. Ortelius refers once to his “Vita St.
Germani”, contained in this book, as a source in lemma VELLAVNODVNVM of his
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Benedictus Arias
Montanus see Arias Benedictus Montanus.
Benedictus Monachus, 8th c., was a German monk who wrote
“Annales Francorum” , 741 – 821, which is mentioned once as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and twice in “Thesaurus” (1596), sometimes without
mentioning the author.
Beneventus de Rambaldis of Imola, 1338 – 1390, was an Italian monk who
wrote “Romuleon”, a compendium of texts on Roman history. Ortelius refers to it
once as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma AEQVI.
Benjamin see Tudela.
Benzo or Benzoni,
Girolamo, 1519- after 1572, of Milan, Italy travelled in America between 1541
and 1556. His travel report “Historia del mundo nuovo libr. III” [History of
the new world, 3 books] (Ort14,15), Venice 1565, Geneva 1578, and a description
of the Canary Islands, Venice 1572, were translated into Latin by Urbanus
Calveton, Geneva 1578, 1581, and
Ort9.45, 10.45, 11.48;
History of the New World: Ort14.12,
14.24, 15.15, 15.19.
Benzoni see Benzo.
Benzonius see Benzo.
Beotio see Boazio.
Beregisus, saint, died
after 725, was a French priest and confessor for Pepin of Heristal. Pepin
helped him found the monastery of Saint Hubert in the Ardennes. Beregistus may
have served as its abbot and is quoted in the “Book of Saints”, written by the
monks of Ramsgate. He is mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) in the lemma ANDAINVM.
Bergamus, Georg
Jodocus, fl. mid-16th century, was an Italian Benedictine monk and
poet from Verona who made a map of Lago di Garda, Verona, 1556, and who praised
Lake Garda in his “Benacus” (Ort120). He and his map were included in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” from 1592 onwards, but not used.
Description of Lake Garda
Bk.1-5: Ort120.9.
Bergen, Willem van see
Grimbergen.
Bergomas, Jacobus
Philippus, also Jacobo Filippi Foresti of Bergamo, Italy, 1434 – 1520, is a
historian best known for his “Supplementum Chronicarum Libri X”, Venice, 1483,.
He is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and once in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he is twice
mentioned as a source, e.g. in lemma ZEVGITANA.
Bermudez see
Bermundez.
Bermundez, or
Bermudezus, or Bermudesius, Jodo or Ioannes, 16th century, was a
Portuguese physician and the first Portuguese envoy in Æthiopia. Pope Paulus
III appointed him as patriarch of Æthiopia and Alexandria. Alvarez usually
calls him “mestre Joan”. He wrote “Esta he huma breuve relecao da Embeixada quo
patriarcha da Ethiopia, chamado vulgarmente Presto Joannis” (Ort175), Lisbon
1561. Ortelius refers to this work once as a source in his “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) in lemma CATARRACTAS.
Experiences of the Abessines:
Ort175.20.
Bernaerts see
Bernartius.
Bernardino Arluno see
Arluno Bernardino.
Bernardino Corio see
Corio Bernardino.
Bernardinus Scalantus
see Scalantus Bernardinus.
Bernhardinus Gomez see
Gomez Bernhardinus.
Bernartius, Johannes or Bernaerts, 1568 Mechelen - 1601 Mechelen, studied law in Leuven and
obtained from Justus Lipsius a doctor’s degree. He became a lawyer in Mechelen.
Next to his activities as a lawyer he worked as a historiographer and published
a book in Flemish in 1588 about Maria Stuart. He also wrote comments on Publius
Papinius Statius’ “Opera” (1595) , of which Ortelius bought a copy in the same
year, and on Boethius’ “De consolatione philosophiae” (1607). His best known
work, dealing with the philosophy of
history is “De utilitate legendae historiae libri duo” (1593). Ortelius bought a
copy of this work from Plantin in the same year. Bernartius wrote a letter to
Ortelius in (Hessels 222) with which he included a copy of the same work..
Berno the abbot, died
in 927, of St. Baume, abbot of Cluny, Burgundy was born from a noble family and
was held in great esteem. He was a friend of King Rudulphus, wrote
“Testamentum” in 926 and is quoted by Irenicus.
Quoted by Irenicus: Ort114.4.
Beroald see Beroaldus.
Beroaldus, Matthaeus
or Matthias, fl. late 16th c., wrote “Chronicon sacrae scripturae”,
published in Geneva in 1575. Ortelius refers to this Beroaldus as a source in
the “Catalogus Auctorum” of his “Synonymia” (1578) and in the text in the lemma
EMATH of “Synonymia” (1578) and “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). In the text of this
“Synonymia” he is altogether mentioned as a source 5 times. His “Chronicon” is
also mentioned as a source in lemma SILOE of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1598)
and in lemma TVBAL of “Thesaurus” (1596). He is mentioned altogether as a source
8 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 11 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in lemma GOG.
Beroaldus, Philippus
or Filippo Beroaldo the elder, 1472 – 1518, from Bologna, Italy, published
works by Cæsar and Florus and wrote a “Chronicle” (Ort178,179); also referred
to as a source in “Synonymia” (1578) in the lemma SILOE. He also wrote
“Declamatio ebriosi, scortatoris et aleatoris”, a satirical debate between a
drunkard, a gambler and a pimp, printed in Bologna, 1499. Another work written
by him is “Oratio de Terremotu”, published in Helmsted. Ortelius bought a copy
of it from Plantin in 1591. Beroaldus is mentioned 6 times as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), 4 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 5 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Chronicle: Ort178.8, 179.8.
Berossus see Berosus
Berosus “the Imaginary, the Turncoat, the Unreliable”, about 340 - about
270 BC, also Pseudoberosus to emphasize his unreliability, from Chaldea, wrote
a history of Babylonia and also commentaries quoted by Annius Viterbiensis
(Ort117,118); also in lemma ROMÆ of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) where Berosus is
called “fabulosus”. In the lemma FORVM VVLCANI of his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596),
Ortelius refers to Berosus’ “Vocabulum Etruscum” “if this is to be believed”.
Berosus is also mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and 4 times in its text. He is altogether mentioned 15 times
as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 20 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). In
“Deorum Dearum” (1573) Berosus is mentioned once as a source.
Ort1.19, 2.19, 3.21, 55.8, 56.2,
57.2, 193.3, 194.31, 197.7, 198.7, 199.2, 199.40, 199.42, 200.10, 200.12,
207.5, 208.5, 211.8;
Commentaries as quoted by
Viterbiensis: Ort117.33, 118.5, 118.33.
Bertius, Petrus or Pieter Bert, 1565 – 1629, grew up in Beveren in
Flanders and as a young man travelled widely in Europe. In company with so many
of his compatriots he moved to Amsterdam as a refugee, escaping from religious
persecution and after completing his studies there, he was appointed a
professor of mathematics and librarian at Leiden university. Being a prolific
writer on mathematical, historical and theological subjects he is also known as
a cartographer for his editions of Ptolemy's “Geographia”, based on Mercator's edition of 1578 and
incorporating some of Ortelius’ Parergon maps, and for miniature atlases. In
1618 he moved to Paris and became Official Cosmographer to Louis XIII. He was
related by marriage to Jodocus Hondius and Pieter van den Keere. He wrote a
letter to Ortelius in 1593 (Hessels 234).
Bertrand Argentre see Argentre Bertrandus.
Bertrandus de Turre,
abt. 1265 – 1332, was a clergyman who wrote “Sermones Quadrigesimales
Epistolares”which was published in Strasbourg, 1502. Ortelius refers to this
work as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578) once and Bertrandus also occurs as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma OCEANVS ATLANTICVS and in lemma
RATIASTVM of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Beuter see Beutherus.
Beutherus, Pedro
Antonio , 16th century, was a theologian from Valencia, Spain who
wrote a history about Valencia in which he takes the imaginary Berosus to be
real. Alonso de Ulloa translated this work into English in 1556. Ortelius
refers to his “Annales” (Ort29,30) and 4 times to his “Chronicon Hispaniæ” in
his “Synonymia” (1578), 4 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587), where he altogether
is mentioned 35 times as a source and 5 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) where he is
altogether referred to as a source 37 times. Beutherus is also mentioned as a
source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 25 times
in its text.
Ort29.2, 29.7;
Annales: Ort29.6, 30.2, 30.8,
30.9.
Bible see Sacrae
litterae.
Bilibaldus Pirkeimerus
see Pirkeimer.
Bion, 2nd
c. BC., from Alexandria is a mythological and pastoral poet. He is quoted by Plinius,
and is reported as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and occurs once in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he
is also once mentioned as a source in lemma ESAR.
Biondo Flavio see
Blondus.
Birckheimer see
Pirckheimer.
Bisschop see
Episcopus.
Bizarro, Pietro see
Bizarrus, Petrus.
Bizarrus, Petrus or
Pietro Bizari, Perugia 1523 - 1583, an Italian who died in Antwerp, was mostly
active as a publisher but also as a poet, historian and as a professor in
Cambridge. He wrote a history of Genoa: “Senatus populique Genuensis rerum domi
forisque gestarum historiæ atque annales”, Antwerp,1579, (Ort125,126). Bizarrus
travelled widely in Germany, but by January 1578 he was established in Antwerp,
where he frequented the circle of the printer Christopher Plantin. In 1583 he
published his Persian history, “Rerum Persicarum historia”, (Ort167), dedicated
to August of Saxony, although two presentation copies were also sent to
England: one for the queen and one for Walsingham. Ortelius bought a copy of
this work from Plantin in 1583. Bizarrus wrote a letter to Ortelius in 1570,
(Hessels 33). Ortelius calls him “my good friend” and he contributed to
Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (f. 70 v.) in 1575.
Ort125.10, 126.11;
History of Persia: Ort167.11.
Blacuodæus, Adamus,16th
c., is a Scottish author who wrote “De principis augustissimi Francisci ducis
Guisiani obitu” published in Paris in 1563. He is mentioned once as a source in
lemma ELGOVÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Blanchon Joachim, born
in 1553, of Limoges, France, was a poet who wrote “Premières œuvres
politiques”, Paris,
Poem on the Greeks in bottom
cartouche of Limousin, map Ort43b
Blason d’armories is an anonymous work dating from the 10th
century dealing with heraldry. Ortelius bought a copy of this work, printed in
Lyon, from Plantin in 1581.
Blasius, Vigenerius
see Vigenerius Blasius.
Blondius see Blondus.
Blondus, Flavio, 1392 - 1463, “most famous among historians”, became
secretary to the Curia in 1434. He wrote “Historiarum ab inclinatione Romanorum
imperii decades”, a history of the Middle Ages, Venice 1483, referred to by
Ortelius in his “Synonymia” (1578) three times, in his “Thesaurus” (1587) 4
times, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 5 times as a source. Further a
historical-geographical lexicon about Italy (Ort120,122,129,131); also referred
to as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578)) called “Italia Illustrata”,
referred to as a source in lemma VIRENA of “Thesaurus” (1596) and a
topographical work about Rome called “Roma instaurata” which appeared in 1471,
referred to as a source in lemma CLASSIS of “Thesaurus” (1596). Ortelius also
refers to his “Historiae Aquilegiensis” as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578)
and in his “Thesaurus” (1587). In lemma NITIOBRIGES of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596), and in lemma VITIS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), Blondus’ “Decades”
are mentioned as a source. In lemma PRILLE of his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)
Ortelius calls Blondus “vir doctissimus”. Blondus is mentioned twice as a
source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L, 1571L, 1573L, 1574L, 1575L), further in
the “Catalogus Auctorum” of his “Synonymia” (1578) and 98 times in its text. In
“Thesaurus” (1587) he is altogether mentioned 101 times as a source and in
“Thesaurus” (1596) 117 times.
Blondus is mentioned once on the
map sheet Ort209. Further in texts Ort117.5, 117.27, 117.33, 118.5, 118.27,
118.33, 119.3, 127.9, 128.10, 129.14b, 129.14c, 132.12, 133.19, 134.15, 136.3,
137.11, 137.14, 137.33, 138.3, 138.6, 138.8, 210.24, 210.25;
Description of Italy: Ort120.8,
122.10, 129.17, 131.2, 131.8.
Boazio, Giovanni
Baptista, late 16th century, is most probably an Italian who resided
in Great Britain between 1585 and 1606. He designed approximately ten maps,
including the model for Vrients’ map of Ireland (Ort22,23). He is also
mentioned as a source once in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma
COSILAVS.
Ort22.43.
Mentioned as its designer on map
Ort23.
Boccacio or Boccatius
or Bocatius, Ioannes, 1549 – 1621, or János Bogáthy should not be confused with
his famous namesake Giovanni from the 14th century. This Bocatius
was a German humanist who moved to Hungary and was appointed Poet Laureate by
emperor Rudolph II. He wrote “Comments on Italian Rivers” (Ort133); also
referred to as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in lemma FORVM ALIENI and
“Hungaridos libri poematum V”. He is referred to as a source in “Synonymia”
(1578) 6 times, and he is also mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578). He is also mentioned as a source in
the address to the reader of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587), and occurs 29 times
as a source in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1596) he is mentioned 29 times as a
source. In the preface of “Deorum Dearum” (1573) Ortelius refers to Bocatius’
“De Genealogica Deorum” as a source. Ortelius met Bocatius in
Ort133.4, 133.8.
Bochius or Bocchius,
Jean or Boch , 1545 – 1608, was an engraver and secretary of the city of
Antwerp. He wrote a complimentory “Elegia” of 50 lines in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587). He also wrote a 28-line poem in Franciscus Sweertius’ “Lacrymae”, a
bundle of mourning poetry that appeared shortly after Ortelius’ death. It was
reprinted in the 1603 Latin, 1608/1612 Italian and 1609/1612L edition. It
begins: “HEM, quam pauca satis…” and ends: “… lucem quam tuus Orbis
habet”. He also wrote “Descriptio
Publicae Gratulationis … in adventu Sereniss. Principis Ernesti”, Plantin,
1595, and C. Valerij Flacci … Argonauticon Lib. VIII. Ortelius possessed both
books and annotated them. They are now in the Plantin-Moretus museum, as
reported by Op de Beeck and De Coster (2006). In Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)
Bochius writes a laudatory poem in its introduction. He is mentioned once as a
source in lemma TERNESII of “Thesaurus” (1596), where Ortelius calls him “vir
linguarum rerum peritißimum” [a man who in matters of languages is very
knowledgable]. In his “Lacrymae” Sweertius calls Bochius a close friend of
Ortelius.
Bodeghem,
Bartholomæus, fl. late 16th century, died in 1609, from Delft,
Holland, was a catholic lawyer who edited a “Martyrium”. He contributed to
Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (f. 72 v. in 1575).
Bodin, Jean see
Bodinus.
Bodinus, Ioannes or
Jean Bodin, Angers 1530 - Laôn 1596, from Angers, France, was a professor of
law in Toulouse who wrote “Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem” [Method
for the easy comprehension of History] (Ort115), Paris, 1566, an important
treatise on historiography, appreciated by his contemporary Montaigne, referred
to by Ortelius in Hessels (24). Bodin’s “Chronologia” was by Ortelius given to
Mercator shortly before March 26, 1575 as reported by van Durme (1959), letter
98. Ortelius refers to him in the “Catalogus Auctorum”, and twice in its text
as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578), once in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and in lemma OENOPLIA of “Thesaurus” (1596). In
lemma BABYLON of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers once to his
“Compendium Historicum” (= “Methodus”). In a 1579 Latin copy of the Theatrum in
the Vatican Library, Bodinus is censured as a heretic. Ortelius recommends his
works in a letter to Rotarius (Hessels 24). Bodin wrote in Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum”
but his contribution was removed at a later stage, see Jason Harris (2005) in
De Gulden Passer, p. 131.
Ort19.14, 36.8, 36.9;
Methodus historica: 115.12.
Bodius or Boyd, Marcus
Alexander, fl. late 16th c., was a Scottish neo-Latin poet who
composed whilst in exile in France during the 1580s and early 1590s a work
called “Epistolae Heroidum”. Boyd's engagements reflect the priorities of
contemporary humanist interpretations of the Heroides, on the one hand
positioning Ovidius’ poems as models for elegant Latin verse composition, and
on the other reading them as guides to female sexual (mis)conduct. Such an
approach tended to reinforce Renaissance prejudices about sex and gender, as
Boyd's efforts reveal. Ortelius bought a copy of this work from Plantin in
1593.
Boece see Boëtius
Boekel, Peter, 1530 –
1599, was born in Antwerp and died in Wismar, Germany. He wrote “Bescribung vom
landt zu Ditmers” [Thietmarsia] and made a map of this area,Antwerp, 1559, used
by Ortelius (Ort88a,89a,90a). He and his Thietmarsia map were included in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1570 onwards.
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the half sheet Holsatiæ map as its maker, Ort88a, Ort89a, Ort90a.
Boethius, about 480 – about 524, was a Roman statesman, author and philosopher
who served under the East-Gothic king Theodoric the Great., He fell in disgrace
and was emprisoned. There he wrote “De Consolatione Philosophiae” [Solace of
philosophy], a work in prose and verse where the (female) personification of
Philosophy offers solace to the injustly accused author who is waiting to be
executed. She points out to him that his fortune is unpredictable, as a form of
providence distributed by God. This philosophical work was read and commented
on very frequently in the Middle Ages. Ortelius refers to it in lemma ACHÆMENIA
of his “Thesaurus” (1596).
Boëthius or Boece, Hector, 1465 – 1536, was a Scottish humanist who
became vice-chancellor of the university of Aberdeen, Scotland. He wrote a
history of Scotland “Scotorum historiæ a prima gentis origine”, published in Paris by Jodocus Badius
Ascensius in 1527, the second history of Scotland, the first being that of John
Major (1521). Ortelius refers to this work twice as a source in his “Synonymia”
(1578), twice in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and twice in his “Thesaurus” (1596),
e.g. in lemma TOLIAPIS. Although acclaimed upon publication, Boëthius’s
“History” began to receive criticism from John Leland, 1506 – 1572, and from
Humphrey Llhuyd in his “Commentariolo Descriptionis Brittannicæ Fragmentum”.
Boëthius’s history was expanded with many fables by Ferrerius from Piemont,
Italy, who published his version in Paris, 1574. Ortelius bought a German and a
Latin copy of his work from Plantin in 1588. Boëthius is mentioned as a source
in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), and 21 times in
its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned as a source 24 times, and in
“Thesaurus” (1596) 26 times.
Ort16.11, 18.5, 18.12, 18.13,
18.14, 18.15, 18.20, 18.27, 18.28, 18.29, 18.30.
Bohemus or Böhm,
Johannes or Aubanu, 16th century, from Aub is the writer of “Omnium
Gentium mores, leges et ritus etc.” (Ort114), published in Augsburg in 1520 and
in Freiburg in 1540.
Ort1.60, 2.60, 3.66, 56.7, 57.8,
100.4, 110.7, 145.18, 158.7, 158.26;
De moribus gentium: Ort114.3, 114.4..
Böhm see Bohemus.
Boileau de Boullion,
Gilles, 1510-1560, was a Flemish diplomat and geographer who is mentioned in
the “Catalogus Auctorum of the “Theatrum” from 1570 onwards as the maker of a
map of Gallia Belgica (1557), which is considered the source for Ortelius’
Savoy maps (Ort48,49).
Boissard, Jean
Jacques, Besançon 1528 - Metz 1602, of Metz was an archaeologist who wrote
“Methodo historica”, “Emblemata” (mentioned in Hessels 167 and 237), “Varii
gentium habitus” (mentioned in Hessels 16) and “Theatrum vitae humanae”, a work
in seven volumes. Ortelius bought this work from Plantin in 1593 for the hefty
sum of 34 and a half florins, and again in 1595 for the same price. Boissard
wrote a poem dedicated to Ortelius in 1589, rejoicing their friendship and sent
Ortelius his “Portraits” and “Emblemata”. In a letter of 1593 (Hessels 233)
Boissard tells Ortelius that he has sent him two manuscript volumes he has
written on Roman inscriptions. Boissard wrote 3 letters to Ortelius in 1589,
1591 and 1593 (Hessels 167, 194, 233).
Ort129.17.
Boissartus see
Boissard.
Bolgius see Belgius.
Bommeln Lambertus à,
fl. late 16th c., was a Polish historian and diplomat who wrote a letter
to Ortelius in 1579 (Hessels 88) and sent him a map of Prussia.
Bompario, Ioannes, fl.
end 16th century, or Pierre-Jean
or perhaps Jean-Pierre de Bompar was an engineer in Grasse, France, who
published a single sheet map of Provence, Torino, 1551, which is followed very
closely by Ortelius (Ort47). He and his map of a province of France are
included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1595 omwards.
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the Provinciæ map as its maker, Ort47.
Bonacciolus see Buonacciolus.
Bonaventura Borchard
see Borchard Bonaventura.
Bonaventura Brochardus
see Borchard Bonaventura.
Bonaventura
Castiglioni see Castiglioni Bonaventura.
Bonaventura see
Vulcanius.
Bonfini or Bonfinius,
Antonio, 1427 – 1503, was an Italian by birth. He was by Mathias Corvinus
called to the Hungarian court. His “Rerum Hungaricarum decades tres, nunc demum
industria” was published by Martinus Brenneri Bistricensis Transylvani in Basel
in 1543 and 1568 (Ort105,150,152,154,155,162,163). He is called the Hungarian
Livius. He often relies on Blondus. Bonfinius is mentioned twice as a source in
“Synonymia” (1571L, 1573L, 1574L, 1575L), in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 12 times in its text. In “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) he is mentioned 13 times as a source.
Ort152.13, 153.2, 153.4, 153.73,
203.3, 203.15;
Decades of Hungary: Ort150.13,
150.19, 150.22, 152.13, 154.16, 155.16, 163.8;
Decade 1, Bk.1: 152.2, 152.5,
153.5, Bk.1&2: Ort162.8, Bk.4 Ch.4: Ort105.7, 106.7.
Bonfinius see Bonfini.
Bongarsius, also Johan
Bongers, Orléans 1554 - Paris 1612, humanist and historian, printed five maps
derived from 14th century manuscripts including an untitled world
map credited to Marino Sanuto, as well as a Holy Land map. He contributed a
one-page Latin laudatory poem to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (f. 5) in 1584. His
maps were published after Ortelius’ death as Volume 2 of “Gesta Dei per
Francos”, Hannover 1611. Ortelius refers to Bongarsius’ “Notae” in his
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemmas CALAMA and THABORTENVM. In lemmas
BERGOMVM, FANTVS and SEGOREGII of “Thesaurus” (1596), Bongarsius is mentioned
as a source quoting Trogus Pompeius. Altogether Bongarsius is referred to 3
times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 13 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort193.6.
Bonifacio see Bonifacius.
Bonifacius, Ioannes, 1547 – 1635, also Giovanni Bonifacio, was born in
Rovigo, Italy. He studied law and practised this in Rovigo. From 1593 onwards,
he was a civil servant for the Republic of Venice, working in Treviso and
Padua. He was also active as a poet and historiographer, and was a member of
various academies. He is mentioned in the cartouche of the inset map of the
Rovigo - Adria area in Italy as its maker (Ort134). His main work is “Historia
Trivigiana” (1591), a regional history on Treviso (Ort122).
Description of Treviso:
Ort122.13.
Bonifacius, Natale, 1538-1592, engraver from Sebenici who worked in
Venice and Rome, made a single sheet map of the Abruzzi, Rome, 1587. In the
cartouche of Ortelius’ Aprutti map he is mentioned as its maker (Ort138). He
and his Aprutti map are first included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the
“Theatrum” in 1592.
Bonifacius is mentioned in the lower
left corner of the Aprutti map, Ort 138, as its maker.
Bonifacius or Bonifatius, Saint, c. 680 – June 5, 754,
the Apostle of the Germans, born
in Winfrid or possibly in
Crediton in the kingdom of Wessex, now Devon, England, was a missionary who
propagated Christianity in the Frankish Empire during the 8th
century. He is the patron saint of Germany and the first archbishop of Mainz.
He was killed in Frisia near Dokkum in 754. His tomb is in the crypt
of Fulda Cathedral. Ortelius refers once to Bonifacius’ “Life” in his
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma BORTNA.
Book of Remembrances
see Liber Notitiarum.
Borchard Bonaventura
or Brochardus, first half 16th century, was a French monk who wrote
about his travels in the Sinai and Jerusalem. He made a map of Palestina of
which no copy survives and is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the
“Theatrum” from 1570 onwards. He is also mentioned twice as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L).
Bordone or Bordonius,
Benedetto, 1470 – 1539, from Padua, Italy is known because of his guide of islands
“Isolario” (Ort1,2,3,141,147,148,149) Venice 1528, 1534, 1562, to which
Ortelius refers once as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578), and twice in his
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596). He is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the
“Theatrum” from 1570 onwards for his Corsica map. Bordonius is mentioned 42
times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L), in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 16 times in its text.
In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned as a source 24 times and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) 19 times.
Ort147.9, 147.11, 147.23,
147.29, 147.37, 148.4, 148.11, 148.14, 149.5, 149.10, 149.17, 149.20, 149.21,
149.22, 181.11;
Islands of the World: Ort1.54,
2.54, 3.59, 141.5, 141.8, 141.15, 148.4, 148.21, 149.8, 149.18, 149.24.
Bordoni, Girolamo, c.
1520 – 1615, was a poet in Genova who drew a Corsica map now lost. He is
included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of 1601.
Bordonius see Bordone.
Bosius, Simeon or
Siméon du Bois,1536 – 1581, was a Belgian author who wrote comments on Cicero’s
“Ad Atticum” and on Manutius’ comments on this work, published in Frankfurt am
Main 1580, and by Plantin, 1582, 1585. This work is referred to as a source in
lemmas PEDNELISSVS and PONS in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and in lemmas FRANGONES
and IANVVIVM in “Thesaurus” (1596). Altogether, he is mentioned 5 times as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Botero, Giovanni, 1544
– 1617, was a priest and geographer of Piemont, Italy, who published “Le
Relationi Universali” (Ort3), “Tabulae Geographicae” (1596) and “Discorso de
Vestigii”, Rome 1615.
Le Relationi: Ort3.67a;
Ort126.11.
Boucher, Jean, born in
1551, taught humanities in Reims and Paris. He wrote “De Justa Abdicatione”, a
plea for tyrannicide, first published in Lyon in 1589. Ortelius bought a copy
of this work in 1591 from Plantin.
Bouchet, Jean, 1476 –
1550, of Poitiers wrote “Annales d’Aquitaine” (Ort38), Poitiers (1524), often reprinted.
Chronicle of Aquitania: Ort38.7,
38.15.
Bouille see Bouillus.
Bouillus or Bovillus,
Carolus or Charles de Bovelles, 1470 – 1553, of Vermandois, France, was a
mathematician, theologist en philosopher of Picardie and a very productive
writer. Bovillus was influenced by mysticism, notably of Dionysius de
Areopagiet, and developed the philosophy of science of Nicolaus Cusanus, 1401 –
1464, into an encyclopedic system. His “Chronicon” is his most important
publication. He also wrote “De differentia vulgarium linguarum et gallici
sermonis varietate” (Ort69,70; also referred to as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578), in “Thesaurus” (1587) and in lemma MAGETROBIA in “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596)), Paris 1533 dealing with etymology. Bouillus is also mentioned as
a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), and 10
times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he is 10 times referred to as a
source.. He is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578).
Ort44.6, 45.6, 48.9, 48.10,
48.12, 49.5, 49.15, 49.25, 49.26, 55.12, 70.2, 70.8, 70.17, 71.2, 71.8; Discourse
on languages: 69.3, 70.3.
Bovillus Carolus see
Bouillus.
Boyis see Boëtius.
Braccius see Baccius.
Bracellius or von
Brachel, died 1650, published a Latin edition of Braun and Hogenberg’s
“Civitates Orbis Terrarum”.
Ort126.11.
Brandt or Brant,
Sebastian ,1458 - 1521, born in Strasbourg and educated in Basel became a
professor of jurisprudence. He published
“Chronicon Germaniæ, præsertim Alsatiæ”. In the 1608/1612 Italian edition, he
wrote an 8-line obituary for Ortelius in Latin beginning: SOL oriens orbem
radijs..” and ending: “… alij, tu despicis unus.”
Ort56.7, 57.8.
Brantius, Johannes or
Johannes Brants, fl. early 17th c., was an administrator of the city
of Antwerp. He wrote an 8-line obituary
on Ortelius which was published in the 1603 Latin and the 1609/1612 Latin
Theatrum, beginning: SOL oriens orbem radijs …” and ending “… tu despicis
unus.” Sweertius mentions Brantius as a close friend of Ortelius in his
“Lacrymae”.
Braun or Brunus,
Georgius Agrippinensis, 1541 – 1622, of Cologne was a theologist and teacher
who together with Hogenberg wrote and
published “Civitates Orbis Terrarum” or “Theatre of Cities”,
(Ort1,2,3,31,32,51,52,53,161). Ortelius refers to this work and its author
twice as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578), 3 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587)
and 6 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). Also, he refers specifically to Braun’s
Calcar map as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578) and “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in
the lemma TANFANÆ, and to Braun’s Novesius [Neuss] map in lemma GELDVBA of
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). Ortelius bought a copy of the first two volumes from
Plantin (118 city maps) in 1580, and volume 3 and 4 (118 city maps) in 1595.
Braun wrote a letter on Turkish rulers to Ortelius in 1572 (Hessels 37),
another letter in 1580 (Hessels 96) and another in 1595 (Hessels 263). He contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum”
(f. 99 in 1575).
Ort161.23, 161.72, 168.5, 169.4;
Theatre of Cities (in Latin)
Ort1.53, 2.53, 3.58, 31.9, 31.29, 32.10, 51.9, 51.19, 52.10, 53.10, 161.26,
161.74.
Bravonius, Florentinus,
12th c., was an English monk who wrote a church history “Chronicon”
from the beginning of the world to 1118. It was printed in London in 1592.
Ortelius possessed a copy of this work as reported by Op de Beeck and De Coster
(2006).
Bredenrodius, Pieter
Cornelis, fl. late 16th c., of the Hague, Netherlands, wrote a
“Thesaurus” dealing with matters of law, which was bought by Ortelius from
Plantin in 1588.
Breidenbach or
Breitenbach or Bredenbachius or Breytembachius, Bernhard von, 1440 - 1497, a German
author of Mainz, wrote “Peregrinatio in terram sanctam”, an account of a
pilgrimage to Jerusalem, published in Mainz in 1486,and in Speyer, 1502. He is also mentioned 3 times as
a source, e.g. in lemmas MACHMAS and MALEA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and
11 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in lemmas MAGEDDO and SCYTHOPOLIS.
Ort180.15.
Breitenbach see
Breidenbach.
Bresson or Brissonius,
Jacques, Grenoble 1540 – Orléans 1576, was a French engineer who wrote “Theatrum
Instrumentorum”, published in Lyon 1569,
Breventanus, Angeles
or Angelo Breventano, died in 1597, was an Italian historian of Pavia who drew
the map “Mons Circæus”, used by Ortelius in 1595. His map of Longobardia is
mentioned as a source in lemma TICINVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) as showing a
silver coin. He wrote a letter to Ortelius from Rome in 1593 (Hessels 227; also
in lemma VENERIS of “Thesaurus” (1596)). In lemma VITERBVM of “Thesaurus”
(1596), Brevetanus quotes the Edict of king Desiderius. He is also mentioned as
a source in lemma CIRCÆVM of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the inset map of Mount Circæus as its maker; further in map texts : Ort209.30,
209.32.
Brinckhorstius, Hugo,
16th century, from England, lived for some time in Erfurt, Germany
and provided statistical information to Ortelius in a letter dealing with
Thüringen, Germany.
Ort96.2.
Brinctus or Brinctius,
Cornelius or Corneille, fl. mid-16th century, of Amersford in
West-Flanders was a humanist and philologist who wrote epigrams in Greek and
Latin which were published by Goltzius in 1576. He contributed to Ortelius’
“Album Amicorum” (ff81v-82, in 1574).
Brion, Martin de, fl.
1st half 16th c., made a map of the Holy Land , Paris, c. 1540, of
which no copy has survived. He and his Palestine map, which Ortelius did not
use, are first mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” of 1570.
Brisson or Brissonius, Barnabas, 1531 -
15 November 1591. was a French lawyer and politician. Born as the son of the
king's lieutenant in Fontenay-le-Comte, Brisson studied law in Orléans, Bourges
and Poitiers, where he stayed as an advocate. Between 1553 and 1556, he moved
on to Paris, where he swiftly gained repute for his learning and rhetorical
skills. He wrote “Antiquitates” a copy of which Ortelius bought from Plantin in
1586 and again in 1588.
Britannus Gildas see Gildas, Britannus.
Brocard see Burchard
Brochardus see
Burchard.
Broderith, Stephan or
Stephanus, died in 1540, was a Hungarian state official. He reports on the
battle of Mohacz in his “De Claude Ludovici II regis Hungariæ” (Ort152,153)
which he experienced as one of the retinue of the king, printed in Basel.
Broderith is mentioned twice as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1571L,
1573L, 1574L, 1575L) and in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578) and once in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he is mentioned once as
a source.
Ort150.13, 150.22, 203.15;
Treatise printed in Basel:
Ort152.2, 152.4, 153.2.
Brodeus, Ioannes, “a
man of good judgment”, 16th century, a personal acquaintance of
Ortelius, wrote “Miscellanea” (Ort224); also mentioned as a source in lemmas
ANAVRVS, CALANI, CEOS and EBOSIA of “Thesaurus” (1596). Brodeus is also
mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578) but he does not occur in its text. In lemma VEGETI of “Thesaurus” (1596)
he quotes Plinius and Strabo. Altogether Brodeus is mentioned 7 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Miscellanea Bk.3: Ort224.15-18.
Broecke, ten see
Paludanus.
Brognoli, Bernardo or
Brugnoli, 1538 - 1583, artist and engineer, made a map of Verona published by
Forlani in Venice in 1574. He is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the
“Theatrum” for this from 1575 onwards, and also appears on the cartouche of the
Veronæ map as its maker (Ort120).
Brooman, Carolus, fl.
late 16th c., was a Belgian humanist, numismat, and friend of
Winghe. He wrote from Brussels two letters to Ortelius in 1590 (Hessels 187,
188).
Bronovius, Martin, 16th
century, was a Pole sent as an envoy to Tartary by king Stephan. He was taken captive
there, and learned about this land and its people. His book “Descriptio
Tartariæ” appeared in Cologne, Germany in 1595, usually bound together with
Reichersdorf’s “Moldaviæ quæ olim Daciæ pars, chorographia” which was written
in 1541.
Ort163.8.
Brontius, Nicolas or
Le Bron, flourished 1541, was a poet and philologist and teacher from Douai,
Belgium, who wrote “De laudibus Hannoniæ” (Ort69) and also “Libellus de
utilitate et harmonia Artium”, Antwerp, 1541, an attractively illustrated work
for students.
Ort70.3, 71.3;
Discourse on Hannonia: Ort69.3.
Brotuff, Ernst,
Merseburg 1497 – Merseburg 1565, was a German author who wrote “Historia
Viperti”, published in Leipzig in 1520. Ortelius bought a copy of this work
from Plantin in 1580.
Brueghel. Pieter the
Elder, Brueghel near Eindhoven 1530 - Brussel 1569, was a painter and scholar,
and one of the great masters of the 16th century Flemish school. He
was a friend of Ortelius and contributed to his “Album Amicorum” (f. 12 v).
Brulartus, Claudius or
Claude Brulart, fl. late 16th c., of Rouen, France, was a physician
and friend of Schottus whose comments he sent to Ortelius and Lipsius. He wrote
a letter to Ortelius in 1595 (Hessels 268).
Brunius see Braun,
George.
Bruno, 10th
c., was archbishop of Cologne, later saint. His “Life” was described by
Ruotgerus, referred to as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596)) in the
lemma CARTHVSIA.
Bruno, Georgius, see
Braun, George.
Brunsema, Mellæus or
Mello Theodorus, 1560-? was a Dutch lawyer, professor in Helmstad and Leiden,
and friend of Reinerus Reineccius and Justus Lipsius. His manuscript “Oratio
pro nova juridicæ facultatis Groningæ institute prælectione habita ad vi Julii
A.S. MDXCVI” has been preserved. He wrote a letter to Ortelius in 1594 (Hessels
256).
Brusch see Bruschius.
Bruschius or Brusch,
Caspar, 1518 – 1557, of Eger, Germany was a teacher, poet, and a productive
geographer. He wrote (1) “Chronologia Monasteriorum Germaniæ præcipuorum”
(Ort56,57); (2) “Magnum opus de omnibus Germaniæ episcopatibus”, Nürnberg,
1549; (3) the map “Beschreibung des Fichtelgeberges”, 1542. The “Catalogus
Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1570 onwards mentions a map of Fichtelberg
made by Brusch in Ulm, 1538. (4) “G. Bruschii iter Rheticum fragmentum ad Hier.
Pappum carmine elegacio” Basel 1580; (5) “G. Bruschii Iter Helveticum ad
Culenium carmine elegacio”, Basel. In a 1579 Latin copy of the Theatrum in the
Vatican Library, Bruschius is censured as a heretic. Bruschius is mentioned in
2 times in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L), 9 times in “Synonymia” (1571L), 10 times in “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L,
1575L), in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and in its text he is mentioned 7 times. In
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he is mentioned 7 times as a source. On the Bohemia map
(Ort101), next to Egra (in Bohemian called Cheb) it has been written that he
was born there.
Ort93.7, 107.4, 108.4, 111.6,
112.6;
Monasteries of Germany: Ort56.8,
57.9.
Brussius, Guilelmus,
16th century, wrote “Ad principes populumque christianum de bello,
adversus Turcos gerendo”, Cracow 1595, and “De Tartaris Diarium”, Frankfurt,
1578, 1598.
Ort214.38.
Brutus, Michael
Johannes,16th c., was a French author who wrote “Odes ac Epodes”
[odes and verses], Paris, 1567, referred to as a source in lemma ACHERONTIA of
“Thesaurus” (1596) and also “Epistulae clarorum virorum” [letters of famous
men], referred to in lemma CORYTIOS of “Thesaurus” (1596) and “De rebus Carolo
V”. In lemma NORTMANNIA of “Thesaurus” (1596), Brutus’ “Epistula ad Vespanius
Gongazam” is mentioned as a source.
Buchanan, George, 1506
– 1582, from Scotland wrote the unfinished poem “Sphaera” and the satirical
poem “Franciscanus”. He also translated Euripides’ Tragedies, Bordeaux, 1544,
and he wrote a “History of Scotland”, 1582, also mentioned in Hessels (127)
which includes a tale about MacBeth’s tragic fate. His metrical translations of
the Psalms were used until well into the 18th century. Ortelius
bought a copy of his psalms from Plantin in 1566, and refers to him 15 times as
a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Ort19.13.
Buchananus see
Buchanan.
Bucretius see
Rindfleisch, Daniel.
Budé see Budeus.
Budeus or Budæus, or
Budé, Guillaume, 1467 – 1540, from Paris was a scholar in Roman Law who was
honoured with a biography during his lifetime. He corresponded with Erasmus,
latinised Greek concepts, and wrote “De studio literarum tecte et commode
instituendo” and also “De transitu Hellenismi ad Christianismus”, 1535. His
“Breviarum De Asse et partibus eius”, 1535, is mentioned once as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), and once
in lemma CEMMENVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Ortelius retained in his
correspondence a letter from Budeus to Morillionus (Hessels 4). He is mentioned
twice as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L), and is
mentioned as a source in the “Cata1ogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and twice in its
text.
Ort221.21.
Bugnonius see Bugnyon.
Bugnyon or Bugnonius,
Philibert who died in 1590 was a poet and lawyer from Mâcon, France, who wrote
“Chronicon urbis Matisconensis” Lyon, France, 1559 (Ort53,54); also referred to
once as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), and 3 times in lemmas FORVM
SEGVSIANORVM, MATISCONA and SEQVANI of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Bugnyon is mentioned
twice in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L, 1571L, 1573L, 1574L, 1575L), in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), and once in its text.
Ort53.17, 54.6, 54.15.
Bulonius, Ægidius,
1510 - 1563, also Gilles Boileau de Bouillon was a Flemish writer, poet,
diplomat, cartographer and printer. He made a two-sheet map of Sabaudia or
Savoye published by Hieronymus Cock in 1556, used by Ortelius in 1570 (Ort48b),
and also a map of “Gallica Belgica” in 1557, see Karrow 83/88.
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the Sabaudiæ et Burgundiæ map as its maker, Ort 48b, 49b;
Ort55.2.
Bundvica, 1st
century AD., was a British queen who in 61 AD led a revolt against the Romans.
Ort192.32, 192.38.
Buonacciolus or
Bonacciolus, Alphonsus, early 16th c., was an Italian scholar who
translated and edited Strabo in Italian, to which Ortelius refers once as a
source in his “Synonymia” (1578) in the lemma NICOMEDIA. He is mentioned in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Synonymia” of 1578 as a source, and is mentioned
14 times in the text, of which four times in four consecutive lemmata called
HERACLEA. He also edited and translated Plinius into Italian. He is mentioned
20 times in the 1573L, 1574L, 1575L
“Synonymia” as a source, and frequent references are made to his Italian Strabo
in “Synonymia” (1578) and in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587). In “Thesaurus”
(1596) Buonacciolus’ Strabo, translated from Greek into Italian, is mentioned 6
times as a source, e.g. in lemmas HERACLEA, NICOMEDIA, PASVMENA TERRA,
THERMOPYLÆ, and VOMANVS. In lemma VOMANVS of his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596),
Ortelius compares this Italian translation with that of Xylander’s translation
into Latin and concludes that this Italian version is far superior.
Buonacciolus is included as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578), and 18 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he is
altogether mentioned 19 times as a source.
Buonsignori, Stefano,
who died in 1589, by Ortelius called Stephanus Florentinus Monachus Orvieti, was
a Florentine monk and cartographer who made a map of the Territory of Florence,
Florence, 1584, used by Ortelius (Ort131) and of the Territory of Siena
Florence, c. 1585, not used by Ortelius. He and his Florentine and Siena map
are included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1592 onwards.
Burchard or Brochardus
Monachus, second half of the 13th century, was a German monk from
Magdeburg who travelled in Palestine and wrote a treatise published as
“Borchardi Monachi Germanici circa annum 1283 descriptio terræ sanctæ et
regionum finitimarum.” published Plantin in 1567, of which Ortelius bought five
copies. Burchard is also mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) as Brochardus Monachus, and 7 times in its text.
In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 24 times as a source, and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) 26 times.
Ort170.8, 171.8, 172.27, 173.3,
174.10.
Busbechius or
Busbequius, Augerius Gislenius or Ogier Ghiselin Busbecq, 1522 – 1592, of
Boesbeke, South Flanders wrote four long and fascinating letters as imperial
ambassador to the Turkish sultan Süleiman the Great in Constantinople from 1532
to 1562, called “Legationis Turcicæ Epistolæ IV”, Paris, 1589; mentioned as a
source in lemma COLCHIS, MÆOTIS and TAVRICA CHERSONNESVS of “Thesaurus” (1596)
in which he reports about his most diverse political, ethnical, cultural and
other experiences, from tulips to the testament of emperor Augustus which he
discovered there. He also wrote commentaries called “Codex” on Dioscorides
(Ort149), and he edited Corippus’ “Itinerarium”, referred to once as a source
in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and twice in “Thesaurus” (1596) in lemmas AMISA
and AXYLON, of which a copy was bought by Ortelius from Plantin in 1581 and two
copies again in 1583. Altogether in“Thesaurus” (1587) Busbechius as a source 6
times, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 14 times.
Ort114.4, 159.2, 159.5;
Commentaries on Dioscorides:
Ort149.14, 149.24.
Busbequius see
Busbechius.
Butingus, Henricus,
fl. late 16th c., wrote “Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae” of which
Ortelius bought a copy from Plantin in 1598.
Byzantinus Stephanus
see Stephanus Byzantinus.
Cabot or Caboto,
Sebastiano, c. 1476 – 1557, was born in Venice as the son of the maritime
explorer Giovanni Caboto. In 1495 he moved to Bristol, England. He studied
navigation and learned to design maps. In 1509 he sailed to North America and
tried to find the North-West passage. He moved to Spain and travelled on
request of Spanish authorities to South America and East Asia, returned to
Spain and taught navigation and cartography in Sevilla. In 1548 he returned to
England. He published various world maps, e.g. a world map published in
Antwerp, 1544, 4 sheets, which were not used by Ortelius. Yet, he and his world
map are mentioned in Ortelius’ “Catalogus Auctorum” in his “Theatrum” from 1570
onwards.
Ort160.18.
Cabato see Cabot.
Cadamosto see
Cadamostus.
Cadamostus, Alvise or
Aloysius da, 1426 – 1483, was a Venetian sea explorer who worked for the
Portuguese king Henricus on the African West coast in 1455 and 1456. He wrote
down his experiences in “Navigazione nell’ Africa” which Ramusio included in
his collection. Ortelius refers to him once in his “Synonymia” (1578) and
once in his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) as
a source in the lemma LIBYÆ. Ortelius also refers to his “Letters” (Ort12)
written in 1454.
Ort8.15, 12.25, 12.49, 75.12,
76.13, 77.13;
Epistles: Ort12.25, 12.49.
Cadmus or Kadmos,
Greek Κάδμος, in Greek, Roman and
Phoenician mythologies, was a Phoenician prince, the son of king Agenor of Tyre
and the brother of Phoenix, Cilix and Europa. He was originally sent by his
royal parents to seek out and escort his sister Europa back to Tyre after she
had been abducted from the shores of Phoenicia by Zeus. Cadmus founded the
Greek city of Thebes, the acropolis of which was originally named “Cadmeia” in his honor. Most
significantly, he was accredited by the ancient Greeks like the famous
Herodotus with the introduction of the original alphabet or Phoenician alphabet
“phoinikeia grammata”,
[Phoenician letters] to the Greeks, who adapted it to form their Greek
alphabet,which later on was introduced to the rest of Europe. Herodotus, who
gives this account, estimates that Cadmus lived sixteen hundred years before
his time, or around 2000 BC. Cadmus is mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and once in his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Cæcilius Firmianus Lucius, see Lactantius.
Cæcilius Plinius Secundus, see Plinius Cæcilius.
Cælius Augustinus see
Curio.
Cælius Secundus see
Curio.
Cæriolanus see Furius
Fredericus Seriolanus.
Cæsar Cæsarianus or
Cesar Cesariano, early 16th c., was an Italian architect who helped
to build the cathedral of Milan. He was commentator on Vitruvius and translated
him into Italian (1521). He is mentioned once as a source in lemma TIBVR in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Cæsar, Julius, 100 -
44 BC., was military commander of the Romans. His works are written in the
third person to convey an impression of objective history rather than personal
memoir. They were often published and commented on, for instance by Phil.
Beroaldus from Bologna, by Rhellicanus, and by Gaguin in French (Paris, 1539);
also in lemma MAGETROBIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and by Blasius Vigenerius
(1576). His best known work which survived in its entirety is “De bello
Gallico” [the war against the Gauls] (Ort36,37,39,42,55,78,190,192
194,196,197,198,199,200), to which Ortelius refers 4 times as a source in his
“Synonymia” (1578), 9 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 24 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596). Also “Commentaries” on the wars in Africa, Alexandria and
Spain, written by members of his staff, (Ort25,33,34,36,70,71,73,115,189,190,
192,194,196,200) which first appeared in print in
Cæsar is mentioned once on
mapsheet Ort17, once on Ort115, seven times on Ort191, twice on Ort192, three
times on Ort197 and three times on map sheet Ort198; further in map texts:
Ort16.11, 16.24, 16.26, 16.27,
16.28, 16.30-32, 16.38, 16.42-43, 16.45, 16.48, 16.59, 16.62, 16.70, 17.5,
19.7, 19.67, 20.6, 25.8, 37.11, 38.2, 38.10, 39.2, 39.12, 44.4, 45.10, 47.2,
53.15, 54.4, 54.13, 58.40, 59.40, 63.2, 63.4, 63.10, 69.7, 72.2, 72.9, 72.10,
72.16, 72.23, 72.24, 73.2, 73.9, 73.10, 99.5, 107.2, 108.2, 115.3, 115.4,
115.5, 115.12, 119.3, 129.14b, 152.2, 153.2, 190.2, 190.4-6, 190.12, 190.15-19,
190.21, 190.31, 190.35-42, 190.47, 190.51-55, 190.58, 190.61, 191.8, 192.5,
192.9-15, 192.21, 192.26, 192.27-31, 192.34, 192.37, 192.62, 192.64, 192.86,
193.26, 194.3, 194.5, 194.8-12, 194.19, 194.20, 194.30, 194.31, 196.3, 196.4,
196.11, 196.17-19, 196.36-38, 196.43, 196.52, 196.62, 196.62, 196.63, 196.65.
196.72, 196.73, 196.81, 196.89, 196.96, 196.107-111, 196.116, 197.5, 197.15,
198.5, 198.15, 199.5, 199.8, 199.16, 199.18, 199.19, 199.20, 199.23, 199.25,
199.26, 199.28, 199.30, 199.36, 199.45, 199.48, 199.59, 199.61-63, 199.66,
199.67, 199.69, 199.70, 199.72, 199.73, 200.6, 200.8, 200.16, 200.20, 200.33,
200.36, 200.37, 200.38, 200.42, 200.43, 200.45, 200.48, 200.54, 200.60, 200.63;
De Bello Gallico [Wars against
the Gauls]: Ort54.5, 54.14, 192.6, 196.7, 196.11, 196.43, 196.44, 196.77,
197.2; Bk.1: Ort55.11, 197.8, 197.9, 198.2, 198.8, 198.9, Bk.2: Ort42.4, 197.9,
197.15, 198.9, 198.15, Bk.5: Ort191.7, 192.62, 192.85, 197.3, 197.4, 198.3,
198.4, Bk.6: Ort78.12, 194.4, 199.16, 199.59, 200.33, 200.58, 200.59, Bk.7:
Ort36.11, 37.15, 39.6, 196.43, 196.91, 196.100, Bk.11: Ort54.5;
Commentaries: Ort25.8, 33.61,
34.3, 34.9, 69.7, 70.7, 70.16, 71.7, 115.5, 115.7, 189.21, 190.34, 192.8,
192.30, 194.2, 194.3, 196.75, 196.91, Bk.1: Ort36.2, 36.3, 36.10, 36.15, 36.21,
Bk.3: Ort196.8, 196.43, 196.44; Bk.4: Ort200.73, Bk.6: 196.75, 196.91, Bk.8
198.10;
Civil Wars: Bk. 5: Ort47.3,
192.6, Bk.3: Ort196.7;
Comments on French Wars Bk.1:
Ort190.34, Bk.4: Ort200.73;
Cæsar’s Comments quoted by
Vigenereus: Ort194.32;
Reporting to Ariovistus:
Ort199.28, 199.72, 200.60, 200.73;
Rhellicanus' commentaries on
Cæsar: Ort115.5, 115.12.
Cæsar Orlandi see
Orlandi, Cæsar.
Cæsarius of
Heisterbach, 1180 - 1240, born in Cologne, brother of Nazianzenus, became a
Cistercian monk at the monastery of Heisterbach. Cæsarius wrote “Memorabilia”
(Ort22,23) and “Dialogues Miraculorum” or “Libra VIII miraculorum”
(Ort178,179,212), printed five times between 1475 and 1605. Ortelius bought two
copies of this work from Plantin in 1591.
Memorabilia Bk.12: Ort22.29,
22,38, 23.26;
Dialogues: Ort178.7, 179.7,
212.26.
Caffaro, 1080 – 1164,
was a Genoan crusader and chronicler who wrote the “Annals of Genoa”.
Ort126.11.
Cagno, Paolo or Paulus
Canius, died about 1582, was a cartographer, born in Genova, who lived in
Naples, and who designed a map of the Kingdom of Naples, Naples, 1582. Cagno
and his Naples map were included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum”
from 1595 onwards, but not used.
Caius,
Ioannes or John Kees or John Keys, 6 October 1510 Norwich -
29 July 1573 London, was an English physician. In 1529 he was admitted as a
student at what was then Gonville Hall, Cambridge, founded by Edmund Gonville
in 1348, where he seems to have mainly studied divinity. After graduating in
1533, he visited Italy, where he studied under the celebrated Montanus and
Vesalius at Padua; and in 1541 he took his degree in physics at Padua
university. In 1543 he visited several parts of Italy, Germany and France and
then returned to England. He wrote books about medicine such as “De libris
Propriis” which is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and twice in its text in the lemma FESVLÆ, and
twice in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemmas FESVLÆ and VENTA.
Calaber or Calabrius or Calabrus Smyrnaeus, Quintus,
also known as Kointos Smyrnaios,
Greek: Κόιντος
Σμυρναίος, late 4th c. AD., was
a Greek epic poet whose “Posthomerica”
continues the narration of the Trojan War. This epic in fourteen books covers the
period between the end of Homerus “Ilias” and the end of the Trojan War. Its
primary importance is as the earliest surviving work to cover this period, the
archaic works in the Epic Cycle, which he knew and drew upon, having been lost. The “Editio
princeps” by Aldus Manutius was published at Venice, 1504 under the
title “Quinti Calabri derelictorum ab
Homero libri XIV. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi”. Aldus calls him
Quintus Calaber, because the only known manuscript of his poem was discovered
at Otranto in Calabria by Cardinal Bessarion in 1450. His familiar name was
first given him by his editor Lorenz Rhodomann, in 1577, who included a Latin
translation by Michael Neander. He is quoted as a source in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemmas
AMYRVS, CAVNVS, CEDEI and ELATAS, and is mentioned altogether 21 times as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 33 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). In “Deorum
Dearum” (1573) Calaber is mentioned once as a source.
Calamæus, Joannes or
Jean Chameau, fl. mid-16th century, seigneur of Lessay and
Portail-Milly, was a lawyer in Bourges, France, with an interest in geography
who wrote “L’histoire de Berry, contenant l’origine, antiquités, gestes,
prouesses, priviléges et libertés des Berruyers avec particulière description du
dit pays”, Lyon 1566, which includes a Berry or Biturigum map used by Ortelius
(Ort39a), to which Ortelius refers as “Liber Gallicum” in his “Synonymia”
(1578) and his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). He was included in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1570 onwards, mentioning his Biturigum map. He
is mentioned twice as a source in “Synonymia” (1571L, 1573L, 1574L, 1575L).
Calamæus is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578), and twice in its text. He is also mentioned twice as a
source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1598).
Mentioned in the cartouche of
Ort 39a Berry as the maker of this map Ort39
Ort39.2, 39.3, 39.8
Calaminus, Georg see
Röhrig.
Calcagninus, Cœlius,
1479 – 1541, from Ferrara, Italy wrote “Opera aliquot”, Basel, 1544, containing
essays of encyclopedic learning. He is regarded as a forerunner of Copernicus.
He is mentioned in the text of Ort213, Pontus Euxinus. In lemma TOMIS of
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) Calcagninus is mentioned as a source.
Ort213.13.
Calcedonensis
concilium or the Council of Chalcedon,
451 AD, is considered by the Roman Catholics, the Eastern Orthodox, the Old
Catholics, and various other Western Christian groups to have been the fourth Ecumenical Council of seven. It
was held from 8 October to 1 November 451 at Chalcedon, or the city of Bithynia
in Asia Minor, under the auspices of emperor Martianus, as indicated in lemmas
QVIRENSIS and THESSALONICA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Ortelius refers to it 29
times as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 95 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Calcondylas see
Chalcocondylas.
Calderinus or
Caldoninus, Domitius, 1446 – 1478, was an Italian author who published and
commented on Martialis’ “Epigrams” and Juvenalis’ “Satires”, Venice, 1488. He
is mentioned as a source in lemma SVEL and VATINESSA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596), and in lemma CARDVARVM of “Thesaurus” (1596), where he is called
Martialis’ commentator, and also in lemmas HERCVLEA VIA, PETVSIA, POTERON and
RISA MORI, and in Calderinus’ more recent edition in PETERON, all in
“Thesaurus” (1596). Altogether, he is mentioned 9 times as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Calisthenes, fourth
century BC., was a Greek philosopher, historian and a friend of Plutarchus. He
participated in the travels of Alexander the Great and reported about them. He
is quoted by Stobeus (Ort196).
Quoted by Stobeus: Ort196.23.
Callimachus, Greek: Καλλίμαχος was a Greek sculptor,
goldsmith and poet who lived at the end
of the 5th century BC. He is quoted by Plinius, Bk. 34, § 92.
According to Vitruvius he was the originator of the Dorian style as a result of
seeing a Ionian capital, overgrown with acanthus leaves. He is mentioned as a
source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), as quoted
by Plinius, and 9 times in its text. In his “Thesaurus” (1587) Ortelius refers
to his hymn “Dania” twice and to his “Hymnes” as sources. In this “Thesaurus”
he is altogether mentioned 36 times as a source. In “Thesaurus” (1596), his
“Diana” is mentioned as a source in lemmas AMNISVS and LIMNÆ; his “Hymnus
Cereris” is mentioned as a source in lemma CALLICHORVS, and his “Hymnus ad
Iovem” in lemmas PANACRA and THENÆ. He is also quoted by Strabo according to
lemma ARMONIS in “Thesaurus” (1596). Altogether, he is mentioned 23 times as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Callimachus, Philippo Experiens, 1437 – 1496, of Italy later went to
Poland. He was a member of the Roman Academy of Pomponius Lætus, fled to Buda,
and in 1469 to Cracow. His love poems for the Polish girl Fannia, his writings
on rhetoric and his Histories on Hungary and Poland are literary landmarks. The
titles of his publications: “Rhetorica”, “Ad innocentium VIII de bello Turcico
inferendo oratio”, “Historia de Rege Vladislao” and “De his quæ a Venetis
tentata sunt”. In lemmas LIMNÆ and PANACRA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596), and in lemma CERYNIA of “Thesaurus” (1596), Callimachus’ “Hymnus
Dianæ” is referred to as a source. In lemma THENÆ of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596)
and in lemma PHILLYRA of “Thesaurus” (1596), Callimachus’ “Hymnus in Jovem” is
mentioned as a source. In lemma NIGRITÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596) his “Hymnus in
Cererem” is mentioned as a source. Altogether, he is mentioned 20 times as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1587). In “Thesaurus” (1596) “Hymnus in Apollinem” is
mentioned as a source in lemmas AZIRIS and INOPVS and “Hymnus in Delum” in
lemma PARTHENIVS. Altogether, he is mentioned 59 times as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort216.41, 217.18, 224.29,
226.10.
Callisthenes see
Calisthenes.
Callistratus,
Domitius, 1st c. BC., was a Greek historian who wrote about
Heracles. He is mentioned as a source in lemmas ARCIROESSA and MOCATA of
“Thesaurus” (1596) via Stephanus Byzantinus.
Callistus, Nicephorus Xanthopoulos, Greek:
Νικηφόρος
Κάλλιστος
Ξανθόπουλος, fl. around
1320, of Constantinople, was the last of the Greek ecclesiastical historians.
His “Historia Ecclesiastica”,
in eighteen books, brings the narrative to 610; for the first four centuries
the author is largely dependent on his predecessors, Eusebius, Socrates
Scholasticus, Sozomen, Theodoretus and Evagrius, his additions showing very
little critical faculty; for the later period his labours, based on documents
now no longer extant, to which he had free access, though he used them also
with limited discrimination, are much more valuable. Langius edited Nicephorus’
“Historia Ecclesiastica”, Paris 1566. It is mentioned once as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in lemma CELA. The work includes remarks on
Constantine the Great, which is referred to in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578).
The “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) also mentions his edition of “Tripartita historia”
as a source in the lemmas DINOPOLIS, LEDRENSIS, LYCVS, and NEOCÆSAREA. However,
in lemma MERO and other lemmata, this work is attributed to Sozomenes, and
elsewhere to Cassiodorus. See also “Tripartita Historia” Callistus is mentioned
as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 16
times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587)
he is mentioned 167 times as a source. Callistus’ “De Vitaliano Historia” is
mentioned as a source in lemma SISTINENSE of “Thesaurus” (1596). Altogether he
is mentioned 180 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596). Callistus is also
mentioned as a source on the map of Geographia Sacra, (Ort178).
Ort222.29, 232.3, 232.9, 232.20,
232.23.
Calpurnus Flaccus see
Flaccus, Calpurnius.
Calpurnius, Gaius
Piso, 1st century AD., was a prominent Roman patron of literature who led a
conspiracy against emperor Nero and was killed as a result of it.
Ort193.53.
Calpurnius Titus
Siculus, 1st c. AD, was a Roman bucolic poet. Eleven eclogues or
courtly poems have been handed down to us under his name, of which the last
four, from metrical considerations and express manuscript testimony, are now
generally attributed to Nemesianus, who lived in the time of the emperor Carus
and his sons, latter half of the 3rd century. Calpurnius Siculus is
mentioned as a source in lemma LVCANAM and THALEÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort209.16.
Calvetus de Estrella or Stella see Stella Calvetus.
Calvius see Calvus.
Calvuete see Calvetus.
Calvus, Fabius, died
in 1527, of Ravenna was a physician who translated the works of Hippocrates. He
wrote about ancient Rome: “Antiquæ urbis Romæ cum regionibus simulachrum”, Basel 1532, 1558. He is mentioned once as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort129.17.
Cambrensis Giraldus
see Giraldus Cambrensis.
Camden, William,
London 1551 - Chislehurst 1623, from London worked at the School of Westminster
and was appointed “Clarencieux King-at-Arms in 1597. He wrote a geographical
description of Great Britain called “Britannia sive florentissiomorum regnorum,
Angliæ, Scotiæ, Hiberniæ et insularum adiacentium ex intima antiquitate
chorographica descriptio”, 1586, London, (Ort16,19,22,23,192,194,196); also in
lemmas ICCIVS of “Thesaurus” (1596), LOVENTINVM of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596),
LVCOPIBIA of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), OSTIONES of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596),
PATRICII of “Thesaurus” (1596), REGVLBIVM
of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), SIADÆ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), TOLIAPIS
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and VAGNIACVM “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). It was written
after the model which Blondus developed when he wrote about Italy, called
“Italia illustrata”. He has some claim to be considered the founder, not merely
of antiquarian studies, but also of the study of modern history. He founded the
chair of history at Oxford, and claimed that political and ecclesiastical
history cannot be separated. He wrote 4 letters to Ortelius in 1577 (twice) , 1578
(twice) (Hessels 71,72,78,145), in the first one mentioning the recent visit
Ortelius paid to him in London. The British museum possesses in volume Jul.C.V
six letters written by Ortelius to Camden on 7 November 1578, 10 October 1579,
1 April 1584, 25 November 1588, 5 October
Mentioned as contributing to the
Great Britain map in cartouche Ort17;
Ort16.24, 16.70, 112.10, 161.6,
191.15, 192.8, 192.18, 192.42, 192.51, 192.77, 192.78, 192.90, 192.91;
Brittania: 16.61, 19.10b, 19.20,
22.30, 22.38, 23.26, 192.61, 194.30, 196.39, 196.64, 196.66, 196.105;
Scotland (probably a part of the
work mentioned above): Ort19.32, 19.37, 19.45a, 19.45f, 19.45k
Cameracensis,
Episcopus or Petrus de Alliaco or Pierre d’Ailly, 12th c., was
bisbhop of Cambray, France, and author of sermons and homilies, first published
in Strasbourg, 1490. Ortelius refers to his “Vita Gaugerici” in the lemma
FANOMANTIS of his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Camerarius or Kämmerer,
Elias, c. 1530 – 1581, from Nürnberg was professor of mathematics in Frankfurt
an der Oder. He contributed to Ortelius’ Brandenburg map (Ort97), and is
mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” from 1592 onwards.
Camerarius, Joachimus
the elder, 1500-1574, was a humanist and
philologist at the university of Leipzig, Germany. He is often confused with
his son and namesake. Camerarius’ “Aeolia” explaining Greek and Latin terms for
winds, printed in Nürnberg in 1535, was owned by Ortelius, as reported by Op de
Beeck and De Coster (2006). Together with Gilelmus Bussus he wrote “Diarum de
fracturis” of which work Ortelius bought a copy from Plantin in 1598.
Camerarius, Joachimus
the younger, 1534 – 1598, of Nürnberg, Germany was a physician, botanist and
scholar who corresponded with Mercator and Ortelius between 1577 and 1597
(Hessels, letters 70, 160, 169 & 304). He wrote “Symbola et Emblemata”,
Nürnberg, 1590-1604, translated Symphosius into Greek, 1540, and wrote “De
Philippi Melanchtonis ortu, totius vitæ curriculo et Morte”, Leipzig, 1592. He
also wrote Letters to Ortelius (Ort194) which were published by Hessels, see
above. The Itala Græcia maior map (Ort210) is dedicated to Camerarius. He
refers to this Parergon map as a source in lemma MAGNAM GRÆCIAM of “Thesaurus”
(1596). He was a good friend of Ortelius, Occo and Marcus Fugger. He is
mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578) and 9 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 7 times
as a source. In lemma TENEDOS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Camerarius quotes Ovidius.
Altogether, he is mentioned as a source 8 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Sweertius in his “Lacrymae” calls Joachim Camerarius a close German friend of
Ortelius.
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the Portugal map, Ort26, and also on the Itala Græcia maior map as the person
to whom Ortelius dedicates this map, Ort210.
Letters to Ortelius: Ort194.32.
Camerarius, Philip,
1537 – 1624, was a German author who wrote “Meditationes Historiae”, first published
in 1591. Ortelius bought a copy of this work from Plantin in 1592. His
“Comments on Homerus” are mentioned 7 times as a source in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578), 4 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 7 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596), among which he once refers to his Iliad b. Camerarius also
wrote “Hortus”, published in Frankfurt, 1588, mentioned in Hessels (160) of
1588.
Camers, Johannes, 1468
– 1546, was born in Amerino, Italy. He was professor in Vienna from 1499, and published
works by Claudianus Claudius in Vienna 1510, by Dionysius Apher in Vienna 1512,
and Florus’ “Annotationum in Lucium Florum Libellus” in Vienna, 1511. He
published and commented on Mela’s “De Situ Orbis”. Also: Plinius’ “Historiæ
Naturalis”, Vienna 1514. Also Solinus as “G.J. Solinus, cum enarrationibus et
indice Cameris” (Ort1,2,3), Vienna 1520. Camers is mentioned as a source in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), and 3 times in its text.
In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 4 times as a source, and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) also 4 times, e.g. in lemmas SILVRVM and THANATOS (twice).
Commentaries on Solinus:
Ort1.32, 2.32, 3.35.
Campanus, Flavius, also called Flavius Gioja, abt. 1300, was an Italian
from Amalfi, and chaplain to Pope Urbanus IV. He is supposed to have invented
the compass.
Ort12.22, 12.47.
Campanus, Joannes or
Giovanni Antonio Campano, 1429 – 1477, was a learned bishop at the Italian
court who wrote “Historia belli Ducis Braccii sive Brachii Perusini, ab anno
1368-
Lake Perugia: Ort130.13, 136.2,
136.5, 136.9.
Campegius see
Champier.
Campense see
Campensis.
Campensis, Albert, end
15th – beginning 16th century of Italy wrote “Lettera
intorno le cose di Mascovia”, included in Ramusio’s Volume 2, Rome 1543.
Ort162.8.
Campi, Antonio see
Campus, Antonius.
Campo, Florian del see
Ocampo, Florian d’.
Campus, Antonius, 1525-1587, from Cremona, Italy worked as an architect,
sculptor and painted church windows. Ortelius may have met him on his third
journey to Italy (1577 - 1578). He wrote about the antiquities of Milan
(Ort127), but also about his native city Cremona in “Cremona fedelissima citta
nobilissima colonia de Romani rappresentata in disegno con suo contado”,
Cremona, 1583 – 1585, which contains a map of Cremona that Ortelius used in his
Theatrum (Ort127). He is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the
“Theatrum” from 1579 onwards.
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the Cremona map as its maker, Ort127; further in the map text:
On the antiquities of Milan:
Ort127.5.
Candidus Panthaleon
see Panthaleo, Candidus.
Candidus, Joannes or
Giovanni Candida, abt. 1450 – 1500, was an Italian lawyer, historian and
diplomat who wrote “Commentariorum Aquileiensium libri VIII” (Ort119,129),
Venice, 1521. Candidus is also mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and once in its text. He is once
mentioned as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587).Candidus quotes Appianus
Alexandrinus in lemma DESITIATES of “Thesaurus” (1596) and is mentioned as a
source in lemma VERVCAM of “Thesaurus” (1596).
History of Aquileya: Ort119.11,
129.14c.
Cano, Melchior, 1508 –
1560, was an Italian professor in theology who wrote “Relectiones duae, una de
sacramentis in genere, altera de sacramento poenitentiae”, published in Milan
in 1580. Ortelius bought a copy of this book from Plantin in 1592.
Canterus, Guilielmus
or Willem Canter, Utrecht 1542 – Leuven 1575, studied
history and the classics in Leuven and Paris and acquired a reputation as a lyrical poet. He was
only 33 when he died in Leuven. He wrote a grateful letter to Ortelius in 1575
(Hessels 54) and wrote “Comments on Lycophron” which is referred to once as a
source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) twice in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 4 times
in “Thesaurus” (1596), and also “Novae Lectiones”, mentioned as a source in
lemma MEDVANA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and in lemma LEVCOSIA of
“Thesaurus” (1596). He is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), and 5 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he
is mentioned 10 times as a source and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 21 times.
Caoursin, Guilelmus,
late 15th c., was a Belgian author who wrote “Rhodiorum
vicecancellarii Rhodie obsidionis descriptio” on the siege of Rhodos under
emperor Muhamet in 1480, printed in Brugge, 1484. Ortelius owned a copy of this
book, now in the Royal Library of Brussels, as reported by Op de Beeck and De
Coster (2006).
Capella, Marcianus see
Marcianus Capella.
Capelloni, Lorenzo,
fl. late 16th c., of Ferrara, Italy published the book “Vita del
principe Andrea Doria”. This Italian ruler lived from 1466 to 1560. The book
was published in Ferrara, 1565. Ortelius bought a copy of it from Plantin in
1579 and another in 1580.
Capitolinus, Iulius, 4th
century AD., is supposed to have written together with other historians “De
Historia Augusta”, consisting of biographies of Roman emperors, including
“Clodius Albinus” (Ort80), “Macrinus” (Ort218), “Maximinus” (referred to as a
source in lemma HISTRICA of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), “Marcus Aurelius”
(referred to 2 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 3 times in
lemma NARISCI of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and in VARISTI of “Thesaurus” (1596, of which
Ortelius has various copies), “Gordianus” in lemmas FLAMINIA, NISIBIS and PRÆNESTINÆ
of “Thesaurus” (1596) and “Pertinax” (Ort211,218; also mentioned as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma SICILIA
and in “Thesaurus” (1596) in lemma BARDAICI. In lemma ARCHIMEA of “Thesaurus”
(1596) Ortelius refers to Capitolinus’ own “Vita” as a source. Capitolinus is
mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578), and 5 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is altogether
mentioned 22 times, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 37 times as a source. In “Deorum
Dearum” (1573) Capitolinus is once mentioned as a source.
Ort80.35, 200.24, 232.10;
About Emperor Maximus 199.11,
199.52;
Life of Clodius Albinus:
Ort80.9;
Macrinus: Ort218.27.
Life of Pertinax the Emperor: Ort211.14,
218.26.
Capiton Hieromartyr of Cherson, 4th c. AD., was
one of seven bishops of the fourth century, known collectively as the
Hieromartyrs of Cherson, who carried the Gospel of Christ into the northwest
area of the Black Sea. Of the seven, all but one were martyred while pursuing
their missionary activities. Capiton is mentioned as a source via Stephanus
Byzantinus in lemmas MENEDEMIVM and PSIMADA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Capreolus or
Capriolus, Elias or Helias, who died in 1519, from Brescia, Italy wrote a
chronicle in twelve books about his native city: “Chronica de rebus Brixianorum
ad Senatum populumque Brixianum opus” (Ort123), Brescia 1585. He is also
mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578) and once in its text, as quoted by Leander. In “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)
he is once mentioned as a source in lemma VOBERNVM. In “Thesaurus” (1596) he is
altogether mentioned 4 times as a source.
History of Brescia Bk.1-12:
Ort123.2, 123.10, 123.13.
Capriolus see Capreolus.
Caraffa or Carrafa,
Giovanni Battista, 16th century, from Naples, Italy, was a globe
maker who wrote a history of Naples: “Dell’ historia del Regno di Napoli”,
1572. Ortelius refers to this as a source once in his “Synonymia” (1578), once
in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and once in “Thesaurus” (1596) in lemma SIRENVSÆ. He
is also mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) twice, e.g. in
the lemma SAMNITES. Altogether he is mentioned 4 times as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587). In “Thesaurus” (1596) Caraffa is also altogether mentioned
as a source 4 times, e.g. in lemmas PARTHENOPE and SAMNITES.
Ort139.10.
Caranus or Corinus,
Lælius, Greek: Κάρανος, 808 - 778 BC., was
the first king of ancient Macedonia according to later traditions. According to
Herodotus, the first king was Perdicas. King Caranus is first reported by
Theopompus (FGrH, No. 115, Frag. 393). It is unclear what he has written. He is
mentioned 5 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L),
and is included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and
once in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) he is mentioned once as a source
in lemma SYRTES.
Cardanus, Hieronymus
or Girolamo Cardano, 1501 – 1576, of Gallerate near Milan, was the author of
many scientific words, such as “Ars magna”, Nürnberg 1545, on algebra, “De
subtilitate rerum”, Nürnberg 1550, Paris, 1561, the most advanced presentation
of physical knowledge at the time, and a very remarkable autobiography “De
propria vita liber”, a true masterpiece completed at the end of his life.
Cardanus follows Suetonius as his model, which means that he does not offer a
systematic chronological survey of his life, but short chapters on various
aspects of his life and work, such as chapter 37 on his famous dream of about
1534.
Ort19.21.
Cardondelet, Jacobus de see
De Carondelet.
Cardulus, Fulvius or
Fulvio Cardulo, 12th c., was an Italian author who wrote “In urbem
Romam”, “De componenda Oratione” and “Vitae sanctorum martyrum”, published in
Rome, 1584, 1588. He is mentioned as a source in lemmas CAPREOLVM, GAVIS and in
TIBVR of “Thesaurus” (1596), where his “Notes ad Getulius” is mentioned as a
source.
Carilephus, Saint of
Calais, fl. 6th c., was abbot of Anille, Northwest France. His
“Life” is mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the
lemma ANINSVLA.
“Carmina Feminarum” is
an anonymous book of poetry printed by Plantin in 1567. Ortelius bought a copy
from Plantin in 1572.
Carolus Bovillus see
Bouillus.
Carolus Clusius see
Clusius, Carolus.
Carolus of Malines see
Malines, Carolus of.
Carpenteius, Juan, fl.
late 16th c., was a Spanish author who wrote “In Vaticinis Isaiae
Prophetae”, published by Plantin in 1588. Next year, Ortelius bought a copy of
this work.
Carrion or Carrio or
Cario or Carrius, Louis, Brugge 1547 - Leuven 1595, was a humanist of Spanish
descent who taught civil law in Leuven and who edited works by Cassiodorus,
Sallustius and Valerius Flaccus. This last author is referred to as a source by
Ortelius in his “Synonymia” (1578)). He edited and published Caius Flaccus’
“Argonautica” (1565), and Sallustius (1579) of which Ortelius bought a copy
from Plantin in 1580, and edited the first Turkish letter by Busbequius,
Antwerp 1581. Ortelius bought a copy of his “Emendatio” from Plantin in 1583.
He is mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L,
1575L), and is included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578). In its text, he is mentioned once. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is
mentioned 4 times as a source, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 6 times. He was a
friend and contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (ff. 44 v., 45, 1575)
Cartari, Vincenzo,
born in Reggio Emilia in Italy, 1531 – 1569, wrote “Le Imagini con la
Spositioni de i Dei de gli antichi” [Images of the gods], published in Venice
in 1556 by Francesco Marcolino. A second edition appeared in the same year,
published by Francesco Rampazetto. A third edition was published by Giordani
Ziletti in 1571. This book was a treatise on the Graeco-Roman pantheon. Cartari
is referred to as a source in “Deorum Dearumque Capita” but wrongly spelled as
Catarrus. Ortelius bought (another?) copy of Cartari’s book from Plantin in
1592.
Carthago, Council or
Synod: the first council, held in 251 is mentioned twice as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1596); the 3rd Council, 397 AD., is mentioned 9 times
as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 3 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
The 4th Council, 401 AD., is mentioned twice as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 3 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). The 7th
council is mentioned 5 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 3 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596). A council of Carthago without number is given 49 times as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 80 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596). See also Cyprianus, who was one of its organisers
and Augustinus’ “Collatio Carthageniensis” .
Cartier, Iacobus or
Jacques, 1491 – 1557, was a French sea explorer who provided material to
Gastaldi for his China map.
Ort9.46, 10.46, 11.49.
Carthier see Cartier.
Carvajal Mármol Luis
see Mármol Carvajal Luis de.
Casas or Casavo,
Bartholomé de las, 1474 – 1566, was a Spaniard appointed as a bishop in Chiapa,
Mexico. He wrote “Brevissima relacion de la destruccion de las Indas” [a short
history of the destruction of the Indies] (Ort15), Sevilla, Spain 1552, and
also “Tyrannies et cruantez des Espangols perpetréez aux Indes occidentales”
Antwerp 1579, possibly a translation of the first work. He complained bitterly
about the Spanish atrocities committed in America.
The Destruction of the Indies:
Ort15.16.
Casaubonus see
Causabonus.
Caspar Peucer see
Peucer, Caspar.
Casparo Balbi see
Balbi Casparo.
Cassianus, Ioannes,
Saint, 360 – 435, was a theologian and hermit who wrote “De institutis
coenobiorum”, “De institutes renuntiandum” and “Confessio Theologica”. His
complete works were published in Basel in 1575. Ortelius refers to him as a
source in the lemma DIOLCOS of his “Thesaurus” (1578) and twice in his
“Thesaurus” (1587), e.g. in lemma PANEPHYSIS. In lemmas DIOLCOS and PANEPHYSIS
of “Thesaurus” (1596) Cassianus is again mentioned as a source.
Cassiodorus, Flavius
Magnus Aurelius, 485 – 580, was a Christian Roman statesman and writer. He was
consul and pursued a public career until the 540s. He then retired to his
estate to devote himself to scholarship and the Christian life as a monk in a
monastery. He founded a monastery for this purpose at Vivarum in Calabria. He
published twelve books of “Variarum Epistulæ”
(Ort121,122,129,140,143,196,200,203,206,210,224; also mentioned 6 times as a
source by Ortelius in his “Synonymia” (1578), 60 times in “Thesaurus” (1587)
and 56 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). In it: “Letter to“Gaudiosus” (Ort129), to “Theonem”,
mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and in lemma HYDRVS of
“Thesaurus” (1596), to “Faustus” mentioned twice as a source in “Thesaurus”
(1587) and twice in “Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in lemma CHATHALIENSIVM. Further
to “Beatus” in “Thesaurus” (1587), to “Sabinianus” in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596),
to “Severus” in “Thesaurus” (1587, twice in 1596) to “Ioannes Liquatarius” in
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)), to “Maximus Cancellarium” in “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596), to “Domitianus” in “Thesaurus” (1587), to “Voila” in “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596), to “Theobaldus” in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), to “Theodoriolus” in
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and to “Florianus”, to “Feltrinos” and to
Herminafridus” in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). and in lemma HOSTILIÆ of
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) to “Dromanarios” of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Cassiodorus
also wrote “Institutiones”, a guide for the religious and secular education of
monks, including how to copy manuscripts. Ortelius refers to his “De
Orthographia” in the lemma DALMANA of his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and in lemma
HISTER of “Thesaurus” (1596). Cassiodorus also wrote or contributed to
“Tripartita Historia” which Ortelius includes in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
his “Synonymia” (1578) as a separate source. In his “Thesaurus” (1587) Ortelius
refers 5 times to his “Chronicon”, also mentioned as a source in lemmas
BRONTOTAS, DVCA, ISONTIVS and PONS of “Thesaurus” (1596). In “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) he refers 8 times to his
“Tripartite History” published in Lyon in 1534 (sometimes without mentioning its
author), twice to his “Variorum ad Saturninum”,
and twice to his “De Divinis Lectionibus” in lemma PELLENA in
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and VIVARIENSE in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) as sources.
His “Chronicon” is mentioned once as a source twice in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Cassiodorus is mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L,
1574L, 1575L) He is included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and is mentioned 10 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587)
he is mentioned 60 times as a source, including a “letter to Anastasius”. In
lemma DELMATIA of “Thesaurus” (1596) his “Geographia” is mentioned as a source,
in lemma NERONIANA his “Ad Aloisium”.and in lemma SANNII his “Ad Guduim
Saionem” is mentioned as a source. In lemma VVLTVRNVS of “Thesaurus” (1596)
Cassiodorus quotes Cuspinianus. Cassiodorus is altogether mentioned 96 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort3.20, 124.8a, 196.49, 199.18,
199.61, 200.36, 209.13-18, 214.25;
Epistles: Ort121.4, 122.4, Bk.8,
last Epistle: Ort210.15;
Variarum: Ort140.19, 196.49;
Bk.2 Ch.35-36: Ort129.4, Bk.3 Ch.50: Ort200.33, dedicated to Symeon: Ort203.32,
Bk.7 Sect.15: Ort208.9, Bk.7 Ch.37: Ort196.16, Bk.12: Ort121.8, 122.8, 143.16,
203.43, 210.14, 211.2, 224.28, Bk.12 Sect.24: Ort206.10;
Variæ to Gaudiosus Bk.2:
Ort129.14.
Cassius Dio see Dion, Cassius.
Cassius Dionysius , 2nd
c. BC., of Utica was an ancient Greek agricultural writer. The Roman name Cassius, combined with the Greek
cognomen, Dionysius, make it
likely that he was a slave or perhaps a prisoner of war, originally Greek-speaking,
who was owned and afterwards freed by a Roman of the “gens Cassia”. Cassius Dionysius compiled a farming manual in
Greek, now lost. Its title was “Georgika” [agriculture]; it was
divided into twenty books, and was dedicated by its author to the Roman praetor
Sextilius. He is referred to as a source in lemma ACRAMAVMORIVM of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Cassius Hemina, 2nd
century AD., was a Roman writer who is quoted by Solinus (Ort223). Cassius is
mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and once in lemma
CRVSIS of “Thesaurus” (1596) via Servius.
Quoted by Solinus: Ort223.10.
Castaldi see Gastaldi.
Castaldus see
Gastaldi.
Castalio, Josephus or
Giuseppe Castiglione of Ancona, Italy,
who died in 1616, was a lawyer who wrote a book about ancient first names and
their meaning. He is mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596) in the lemma CENTVM CELLÆ. Altogether, he is mentioned 3 times as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1587). In “Thesaurus” (1596) Castalio is mentioned 8 times
as a source, e.g. in lemmas GOG, PENEVS, RAGEIA and SERRA.
Castanheda Lopez de,
Ferdinand see Lopez de Castanheda.
Casteels
or Castelius or Castellus, Jan of Gheluwe, who died in 1573, was a philologist
and grammarian who became a priest in Zomergem and who published various works
including “L’Epithetorum farraginem ..” Plantin, 1573. He wrote a letter to
Ortelius in 1574 (Hessels 51). He contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (f.
116 on July 31, 1573).
Castiglioni or
Castilleonius, Bonaventura, 1487 – 1555, who died in 1573 was a monk and historiographer of Milan,
Italy who wrote “De Gallorum Insubrum antiquis sedibus” (Ort125); also
mentioned as a source in lemma ATISO of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), of which only
the first volume was published by the printer Antonio Castiglioni in 1541. He
prepared a map of Lombardy and is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the
“Theatrum” from 1570 onwards. Castiglioni is also mentioned once as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L), in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 12 times in its text. He is mentioned 10 times
as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 16 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort 206.10; Treatise on the
Insubres: Ort125.7.
Castillion see
Castiglioni.
Castro, Fernando de,
and Andrade, late 16th century, Count of Lemnos, of Villalva and
Andrade, Arques de Sarria etc.
Mentioned as the person to whom
the Galizia map (Ort32)is dedicated in the cartouche.
Catarrus, Vincentius,
16th c., is an Italian author who wrote about images of gods in
antiquity in Italian. He is mentioned as a source in the preface of Ortelius’
“Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Cato, Marcus Porcius
Maior, 234 - 149 BC., was a Roman statesman with very pronounced opinions,
particularly about the necessity for Rome to destroy Carthago. He wrote
“Origines” (Ort130,206,207,208); also referred to 10 times as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), also via Barrius, 28 times in his “Thesaurus”
(1587) and 31 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), also via Probus Grammaticus, and
“Fragmentae” which is part of “De Originibus” as appears from lemma
LARTHENIANVM of “Thesaurus” (1596). To this work Ortelius refers as a source in
his “Synonymia” (1578) and “Thesaurus” (1587) repeatedly. Ortelius also
mentions his “Oratio de Consulatu” once as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578),
once in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and once in “Thesaurus” (1596) in lemma
GALLICVS. In “Thesaurus” (1587), Ortelius refers to Cato’s “Fragment”, see
above, 7 times as a source and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 11 times. Cato quotes
Cicero (Ort211). He is mentioned 12 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1570L), 8 times in “Synonymia” (1571, 1573, 1574, 1575), in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 29 times in its text. In
“Thesaurus” (1587) he is altogether mentioned 81 times as a source and in
“Thesaurus” (1596) 83 times.
Mentioned four times on map
sheet Ort207 and five times on Ort208; further in texts: Ort23.8, 117.33,
118.33, 193.53, 204.4, 205.4;
Origines: Ort130.13, 206.5, 207.2,
207.4, 208.2, 208.4;
Quoting Cicero: Ort211.5;
Quoted by Annius: 131.25.
Catullus, Gaius
Valerius the Poet, 87 - 54 BC., wrote “Argonautics (Ort231); also referred to
as a source in lemma GOLGI of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), something
which has now been challenged by classical scholars, and “Carmina”. He was
commented on by Ianus Dousa (Ort222); also in lemma MELA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
He is mentioned once as a source in Ortelius “Synonymia” (1570L, 1571L, 1573L,
1574L, 1575L) and three times in “Synonymia” (1578). In his “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596) Ortelius refers to Catullus’ “Ad Sirmionem” as a source in the lemma
BENACVS. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is altogether mentioned 7 times as a source.
In “Thesaurus” (1596) Catullus’ “Ad Lesbiam” is quoted as a source in lemma
BATTI, and Catullus is altogether mentioned 13 times. Catullus is mentioned as
a source 3 times in “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Catullus is once mentioned on
map sheet 206 as having been born in Sirmio. Further in map texts:
Ort123.11, 123.13, 123.15, 159.8
[wrong attribution], 193.18, 193.54, 213.8, 226.97 231.23;
Argonautics: Ort231.5, 231.14;
Commented on by Ianus Dousa:
Ort222.33.
Causabonus, Isacus or
Casaubonus, or Casaubon or Hortibonus, Isaac, 1559 – 1614, “the learned and industrious”
from Geneva was a philologist who also wrote about satires in his “De satyrica
Græcorum poesi et Romanorum satira libri II”, Paris, 1605. He translated
Polybius and commented on Straboes “Geography” (Ort196,209); also mentioned as
a source in lemmas AEMARORVM, ARBIS, CALOS LIMEN, CVTILIÆ, MERODIPA and PYDNA
of “Thesaurus” (1596) where he is called “doctissimus”, and also on Cæsar, (Ort196), and Tacitus. Ortelius bought
a copy of the last mentioned work from Plantin in 1583. Causabonus also edited
Theocritus, a copy of which Ortelius bought in 1595. Causabonus quotes Dion
Prusæus (Ort212). In lemma ARTACENA of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers to
Causabonus’ “Commentaria” as a source, and in lemmas COLON, LALETANI and SARDA
to a manuscript by Causabonus. Altogether Causabonus is mentioned 175 times as
a source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort193.52;
Commenting on Strabo: Ort196.79,
209.24;
Commenting on Cæsar: Ort196.37;
Quoting Dion Pruseus: Ort212.16.
Cavitellio,
Ludovico,whodied in 1586, was an abbot in Cremona, Italy who published “Annales
Cremonenses”, printed by his nephew Cæsar Cavitellio in 1588, and also a
“History of Milan” (Ort127).
History of Milan: Ort127.5.
Cavriolo see
Capreolus.
Çayas, see De Çayas.
Cedrenus, George, 11th
century, wrote “History of Theodosius the Great” (Ort214) as part of his
“Annales seu Chronicon”, relating lives of Roman Emperors, including Hadrianus.
His “Bellum Heraclij cum Cosroe” is mentioned as a source in lemmas NARBAS and
SIAZVR of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). Cedrenus is mentioned as a source
in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 14 times in its
text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is altogether mentioned 389 times as a source,
and in “Thesaurus” (1596) and 425 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Cedrenus is mentioned once on
map sheet Ort214; further in texts Ort224.10, 224.18, 224.24, 224.25, 232.15,
232.24, 232.33;
History of Theodosius the Great:
Ort214.34.
Cella, Christopher
& Ancelmus see Zell, Christoph.
Celsius, fl. late 16th
c., was a classical scholar who wrote “Historia Biblica Regiae” and also
“Epistolae”, a copy of which Ortelius bought from Plantin in 1586.
Celsus, Aulus
Cornelius, abt. 25 BC – abt. 50 AD, was a Roman encyclopedist about whom little
is known. Of his encyclopedia “Artes” 8 books dealing with medicine survive.
These survey the whole field of medicine then known in Rome, including diets,
diseases, pharmaceuticals and surgery. It was rediscovered in the 15th
century and became very popular because of its simple but elegant style,
published in Lyon, 1554.
Ort196.91, 203.28, 217.4.
Celsus Cittadinus
Angelerius, 1553 – 1617, was an Italian writer who discussed the relation
between Latin and Italian. He is mentioned as a source in lemmas ARICIA, INTE
RAMNIA,MVTVSCÆ, MYRTHETA, SABBATVS, SERNICIVM, SVMMVRANVM and VIBO VALENTIA of
“Thesaurus” (1596) in the form of a letter from Rome to Ortelius. In lemmas
BVCA, DOMITIANÆ, IANVVIVM, PRVSA, TACINA, TEANVM, TIFERNVM, TRVNOVS, TYRVS and
VERETVM of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers again to a work written by
Celsus which was sent to Ortelius from Rome, concerning comments on Antoninus’
“Itinerarium” . Celsus wrote comments on Strabo, as appears from the letter
L’Heureux wrote to Ortelius in 1595 (Hessels 269). Celsus also wrote comments
on Frontinus’ “De coloniis”, of which L’Heureux sent a copy to Ortelius in 1597
(Hessels 310). In lemma SYMBRII of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius calls Celsus “my
friend”. Altogether Celsus Cittadinus is mentioned twice as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 78 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Celtes see Celtis.
Celtis, Conradus
Protucius Peutingerius, 1459 – 1508, of Nürnberg wrote “Septenaria sodalitas
litteraria Germaniæ”, published in Vienna in 1500. It is a celebration of
German literary brotherhood in which he lets seven poets speak from the banks
of the rivers Danube, Vistula, Oder, Elbe, Drave, Rhine and Neckar. He
initiated German classical and historical scholarship, and established a number
of learned societies after the model of Italian academies. He discovered in a
monastery a poem called “Ligurinus sive de gestis Frederici I libri X”, a
description of the battles which Frederick Barbarossa fought with the Milan
people whom he calls Ligures, written by Guntherus Ligurinus. Celtis gave it to
K. Peutinger who published it in
Ort56.7, 57.8, 111.6, 112.6,
194.32, 194.33, 227.3-6, 227.11, 230.12;
On Nurnberg: Ort99.21.
Cenalis see Cœnalis.
Ceneau, Robert see
Cœnalis.
Censorinus, Roman grammarian and miscellaneous writer,
fl. 3rd century AD. He was the author of a lost work “De Accentibus” and of an treatise “De Die Natali”, which is still
extant, written in 238, and dedicated to his patron Quintus Caerellius as a
birthday gift. The contents are of a varied character: the natural history of
man, the influence of the stars and genii, music, religious rites, astronomy,
and the doctrines of the Greek philosophers. The chief authorities used were Varro
and Suetonius. Some scholars, indeed, hold that the entire work is practically
an adaptation of the lost “Pratum”
of Suetonius. The fragments of a work “De
Natali Institutione”, dealing with astronomy, geometry, music and
versification, and usually printed with the “De Die Natali” of Censorinus, are not by him. Part of the
original manuscript, containing the end of the genuine work, and the title and
name of the author of the fragment are lost. Ortelius refers once to his “De
Die Natali” as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma CYDROPIA.
Ortelius bought a copy of “De Die Natali” from Plantin in 1582.
Cepha, Moses Bar who died in 950, was an Armenian
theologian translated by Masius (Ort178,179).
Translated by Masius: Ort178.8,
179.8.
Cepio see Coriolanus.
Cerceau, Baptiste du,
1545 – 1590, was a French architect who wrote “Les plus excellents bastiments
de France” in two volumes, published in Paris, 1576, 1579. Ortelius bought a
copy of this work from Plantin in 1579.
Chalcedonensis, Concilium
see Calcedon.
Chalcocondylas or
Chalcondylas or Chalkondylas, Laonicus, abt. 1423 – 1511, of Athens, was a
Byzantine historian who wrote about the Turks in “Apodeixis ‘istoriwn” or “Pedigree of the
Ottomans” (Ort168,169), which was translated into German by Konrad Clauser and
published in Basel, 1556. Its contents have been included in the Chronology of
David Chytræus (Ort155). He also seems to have written “Peregrinations”
(Ort130). Chalcocondylas is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum”
of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 10 times in its text. In Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 96 times as a source and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) and 109 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort56.9, 57.10, 125.8, 144.15,
163,9;
Pedigree of the Ottomans: Ort16.15,
16.24, 168.9, 169.8;
Bk. 1 & 3: Ort155.16; Bk. 2:
Ort34.9, 36.21, 155.17; Bk. 5: Ort25.9, 125.10, 153.8; Bk.10 Ort145.20, 147.18;
Peregrinations Bk. 6: 130.13.
Chalcondylas see Chalcocondylas.
Chalcondyles see Chalcocondylas.
Chaldæus, Antipater, 2nd c. BC., was a Chaldaean astrologer
from Syria who lived in Greece. He is quoted by Vitruvius. Ortelius refers to
him as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), e.g. in the lemma ACHOR, and in
the lemma ALLON BACHVT. Altogether Chaldæus is mentioned 69 times as a source
in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 83 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Chalderinus, Domitius, late 15th c., was an Italian scholar
who commented on Suetonius’ “Twelve Caesars” and on Silius Italicus. He is
mentioned once as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Chaloner, Sir Thomas, late 16th c., was an English poet and
diplomat who wrote “De Republica Anglorum instauranda”, London, 1579. Ortelius instructed Jacob Cools
to send a copy of this book to Jacob Monau in 1592 (Hessels 212).
Chameau, see Calamæus
Champier, also Campegius Symphorian or Symphorianus, 1472 – 1533, of Lorraine, and his son Claudius, were
productive authors whose works contain much geographical information. Father
Symphorian, who was a physician, wrote “Recueil ou chronique des histoires du
Royaume d’Austrasia ou France orientale , dite à présent de Lorraine” Lyon,
1505. Also “Les grands Chroniques des princes de Savoie et de Piedmont,
ensemble les généalogie et antiquités de Gaule”, Paris 1516, and “Traité de
l’anciennité et noblesse de l’antique cité de Lyon et de la rébellion du
populaire de ladite ville contre les conseillers de la cité et notables
marchands, à cause de bleds” 1529, also translated into Latin under the anagram
“Pierchamp”, and “Campus Elysius Galliæ amœnitate refertus, in quo quicquid
apud Indos, Arabas et Pœnos reperitur apud Gallos reperiri demonstratur”, Lyon
1533. Claudius, the son, wrote “Traité des fleuves et fontaines admirables des
Gaules” (Ort34,36), Paris, 1560, Lyon, 1573, by Ortelius wrongly attributed to
the father. Claudius also wrote “Singularitez des Gaules”, Paris, 1538,
“Catalogue des villes et cités assises ès trois Gaules” (Ort34,36), and “Traité
des lieux saints des Gaules, où Notre-Seigneur, par l’intercession des saints,
fait plusieurs miracles” Lyon, 1556. He is mentioned twice in the “Synonymia”
(1573L, 1574L, 1575L).
Ort50.2, 50.11, 50.14, 50.23
Rivers and Waters of France:
Ort34.9, 36.21;
The First French Towns: Ort34.9,
36.21.
Charcus see Charke.
Charisius Flavius see
Sosipater.
Charke or Charcus,
William, Cambridge 1530 – 1600, was one of the leading puritans in England,
which led to his expulsion from Cambridge, where he taught. He wrote attacks
against Jesuits. He collected coins and medals, wrote 3 letters to Ortelius in
1582, 1583 & 1584 (Hessels 115, 121, 140) and also contributed to his
“Album Amicorum” (100v-101, November 4, 1577).
Charlemagne or Carolus
Magnus or
Charles the Great, 2 April 742 –
28 January 814, was King of the Franks from 768 to his death. He expanded the Frankish
kingdom into a Frankish Empire that incorporated much of Western and Central
Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned “Imperator
Augustus”
by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800 which temporarily made him a rival of the
Byzantine Emperor in Constantinople. His rule is also associated with the
Carolingian Renaissance, a revival of art, religion, and culture through the
medium of the Catholic Church. Through his foreign conquests and internal
reforms, he helped define both Western Europe and the Middle Ages. He is
numbered as Charles I in the
rulers lists of France, Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. He is mentioned
twice as a source in Ortelius “Synonymia” (1578), 3 times in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587) and once in Thesaurus” (1596). Those who have described his
deeds are mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) in the lemma
AVSTRASIA. Egeinhardus wrote “sua vita” or his “Life”. It is mentioned in the
same “Thesaurus” (1587) in the lemma CAMPI LAPIDEI and in “Thesaurus” (1596) in
lemmas DATALARIA and HARISTALLIVM, again mentioning “sua vita”, written shortly
after his death. Charlemagne’s “Contra Imagines” is mentioned as a source in
lemma FOCIÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Chassanæus see
Chasseneux.
Chasseneux or
Chasseneuz, Barthélemy de, 1480 – 1501, wrote “Catalogus gloriæ mundi”
(Ort34,36), Lyon, 1529, Frankfurt, 1579. Also “Commentaria in consuetudines
ducatus Burgundiæ principaliter et totius fere Galliæ consecutive”, Lyon, 1517.
He is once mentioned as a source in lemma SAMAROBRINA of“Thesaurus” (1587,
1596).
De Gloria Mundi Bk.12: Ort34.8,
36.20.
Chaumeau, Jean see
Calamæus.
Checus, Ioannes or Sir
John Cheke, 1514 – 1557, wrote “De pronuntiatione Græcæ …”, Basel, 1555, and
“De bellico apparatu liber e Græco in Latinum conversus Leo Imperium Byzantinum
”, Basel, 1554, (Ort203).
Ort203.39.
Chemnitius, Martin,
fl. late 16th c., of Chemnitz, Germany, was a humanist who wrote
“Harmonia Evangelia”, a work continued by Polycarpus Lyserus. Ortelius bought a
copy of this book from Plantin in 1592.
Chiaves, Hieronymus or
Jeronimo de Chavez,1523 - 1574, a Spanish cosmographer from Sevilla, Spain, was
the son of cartographer Alonso de Ch(i)aves. Hieronymus went to Portugal and
published a work on astrology in 1543, and also one on cartography, called “De
Sphera Mundo”, published in Sevilla. Ortelius’ “Catalogus Auctorum” in the
“Theatrum” from 1573 onwards mentions a manuscript map of America by him, which
has been lost. Ortelius used Chiaves’ manuscript map of Andalusia (Ort28).
Chiaves provided Ortelius with data for his Florida map (Ort15) on the basis of
an expedition to that area by Hernando de Soto, made from 1539 to 1542.
Mentioned as author of the
Florida map in cartouche Ort15.
Mentioned in cartouche as the
maker of the Hispalensis map Ort28.
Chius Scytinus see
Scytinus.
Choniates, Nicetas see
Nicetas Choniates.
Choul see Du Choul.
Choyselat, Prudent,
fl. 2nd half 16th c., was a French author who wrote
“Discours Oeconomiques”, published in Paris in 1569. It was translated into English
in 1580 and is the first book on poultry. Ortelius bought two copies from
Plantin in 1569.
Christianus Prolianus
Balbanensis, Roman times, was an astronomer who wrote “Astronomia”. He is
mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He is
mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578).
Christmann, Jacob, 1554 – 1613, was a German Orientalist who also studied problems
of astronomy. Christmann, a Jew who was converted before 1578 to Christianity,
studied Orientalistics at the University of Heidelberg's Collegium Sapientiae
and became teacher at the “Dionysianum”.
His “Epistolae” are mentioned in a letter from Lipsius to Ortelius in 1591
(Hessels 201).
Christophersonius,
Ioannes, fl. middle 16th c., was an English theologist who wrote
“Jephtha”, published in Canterbury in 1544, and “Historia Ecclesiastica”,
published in Cologne. Ortelius bought two copies of this “Historia” from
Plantin in 1589.
Christosomus Zanchi
see Chrystosomus.
Christoval Juan see
Calvetus.
Chrysantus Boiß
(unidentified), is a German author who reports “very humanly and learnedly”
about inscriptions in German Dallendorf, to which Ortelius refers once as a
source in his “Synonymia” (1578), once in “Thesaurus” (1587) in the lemma
TALLIATES, and twice in “Thesaurus” (1596) in lemmas CAESIA and TALLIATES,
quoting him at some length.
Chrystosomus, see
Chrysostomus.
Chrysostomus, Ioannes,
Saint of Naples,345 – 407, came from Antiochia. He wrote letters/sermons. He
also wrote a letter to Count Nugarolo (Ort79), and is mentioned once as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1596). He also wrote “Homiliae”, mentioned in Hessels
(145), mentioned as being sent to Ortelius by Camden. See also next lemma.
Ort232.12, 232.15, 232.17,
232.33;
Letter to Count Nugarolo:
Ort79.21;
Chrysostomus, Zanchus,15th century, (but see previous item)
from Bergano, Italy, was an Augustine monk. He wrote “Sermo de Penitentia”
published in 1483, and “De Orobiorum Cenomanorum origine libri III” (Ort123)
which is of little significance since it is mainly based on Annius’
falsifications, and since he tries to derive Italian words from Hebrew. He is
mentioned 6 times as a source, e.g. in
lemma OTESINI of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587), and 8 times in “Thesaurus” (1596),
e.g. in lemmas BRIXIA, CENOMANI, IVVENATIVM and OTESINI.
Origins of the Orobij and
Cenomanes: Ort123.10.
Chyonarinus, Antonius
(unidentified) wrote a work called “Bacchanalibus cum Cromero” referred to as a
source in lemma CHRONVS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Chytræus, David, 1531 –
1600, of Kochafe, professor in Greek and Latin in Rostock and Bremen continued
“Saxonia” (Ort58,59,85,87,90,91,92,97,144,145,155,157,158,159,160,161,162,163;
also mentioned as a source in lemma CHALVSVS, PHABIRANVM and VANDALI of
“Thesaurus” (1596)) begun by Krantz. He also published a description of
Kraichgau, Germany, and a “Chronology” containing work by Chalcocondylas,
translated into Latin by Konrad Clauser, Rostock, 1573, Frankfurt am Main,
1583. Chytræus also wrote “De Russorum et Tartarorum Religione”. Ortelius
bought a copy from Plantin of this work in 1582. David Chytraeus is mentioned 4
times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in lemma TARSVS.
Ort93.4, 114.4;
Saxon history: Ort58.7, 59.7,
85.13, 87.9, 90.12, 91.8, 92.2, 92.15, 92.17, 97.19, 144.15, 145.20, 155.16,
157.18, 158.8, 158.17, 159.6, 160.18, 161.29, 162.8, 163.9
Bk.5 Ch.27: 92.11;
Chytræus, Nathan,
Mensingen 1543 – Bremen 1598, was a brother of David. He was a poet, and
professor in Greek and Latin in Tübingen, Rostock and Bremen. In 1565 he
travelled through Italy, France, England and Poland resulting in “N. Chytræi
variorum in Europa itinerum deliciæ”, published in Rostock, 1579, and Bremen,
1594 & 1599. Ortelius bought a copy of this work from Plantin in 1594.
Chytræus also wrote a collection of travel tales in hexameter verse:
“Hodœporica, sive itinera a diversis clarissimis doctissimisque viris, tum
veteribus tum recentioribus, carmine conscripta”, published in Frankfurt in
1575. See also above. He wrote a letter to Ortelius in 1593 (Hessels 238).
Ciaccones, F.
Alphonso, 16th century, wrote “Vitæ et res gestæ Pontificum
Romanorum” (Ort212) and is reported on by Philippus van Winghe in a letter to
Ortelius (Hessels 170.46). Ortelius owned Ciaccones’ work “Historia utrusque
Belli Dacici a Traiano Caesare Gesti, ex Simulachris quae in Columna Eiusdem
Romae Visuntur Collecta, Rome” (1576), signed with his name, now in the Plantin
Moretus Museum, as reported in Op de Beeck and De Coster (2006). In lemma
ITALICA of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers to this work as a source twice,
and in lemmas MACALLA and MACELLA once. In lemma PONS of “Thesaurus” (1596),
Ortelius refers to Ciaccones’ quoting Cuspinianus.
Ort212.8.
Ciacconius, Petrus Toletanus or Pedro Chacon, 16th c., was a
Spanish author from Toledo who wrote commented on Varro’s “De re rustica”, referred to as a source sent
to Ortelius in 1592 (Hessels 213).
Cicero, Marcus Tullius
“the Orator”, 106 - 43 BC., wrote “Orations”, as edited by Carbone, and Giorgio
Merula (Ort141,186,196,210,211,214,215); also referred to as a source in
“Synonymia” (1578) and in lemma PHRYGIA of “Thesaurus” (1596),
“Tusculan Disputationes” (Ort1,2,3); also referred to once as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and once in “Thesaurus” (1596),
“Offices” (Ort19), once in “Thesaurus” (1596) and twice in “Deorum Dearum”
(1573),
“Scipio’s Dream (Ort221; also referred to once as a source in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578), twice in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and twice in “Thesaurus”
(1596),
“Republica” (Ort3),
“Letter to Trebatius” (Ort16, 190, 192), also mentioned twice as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), 3 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 3 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596), which form part of his
“Epistulæ”, 14 times referred to as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587)
and 17 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). Further
“De Provincijs Consularibus” (Ort196), also mentioned as a source in lemma
HIGNATIA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
“De Divinatione”, referred to 3 times by Ortelius as a source in his
“Thesaurus” (1587), 7 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) and once in “Deorum Dearum”
(1573).
“De finibus”, mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587), and
once in “Thesaurus” (1596),
“Natura Deorum” (Ort3,220,221); also mentioned 7 times as a source in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587), 7 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) and 10 times in “Deorum
Dearum” (1573),
“De Legibus agrariae contra Rullum” (Ort224); also referred to 5 times as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1587), 10 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) and 3 times in
“Deorum Dearum” (1573),
“De Consolatione”, edited by Sigonius of which Ortelius bought a copy from
Plantin in 1584,
“Ad Verrem” to which Ortelius refers 14
times in his “Synonymia”(1578), 36 times in “Thesaurus” (1587), 32 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596) and twice in “Deorum Dearum” (1573),
“Academica” to which Ortelius refers once in his “Synonymia” (1578), and twice
in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in lemmas CIMMERII and HORTENSIS.
“Ad Fonteius”, mentioned twice in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 4 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596) as a source,
“Ad P. Quinctius”, mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) in lemma GALLICANVS.
“Pro Cluentius” to which Ortelius refers once in his “Synonymia” (1578), once
in “Thesaurus” (1587), and twice in “Thesaurus” e.g. in lemma LARINATES.
“Oratio ad Vatinium” (Ort203)
“Pro Cneius Plancius”, mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596).
Ortelius refers to his work “De inventione” as a source in his “Synonymia”
(1578) and in his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) under the lemma EVROTAS.
Ortelius refers once to Cicero’s “Ad Catalinam” in “Synonymia” (1578), 10 times
in “Thesaurus (1587), and 9 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Twice to his “Philippica” in the lemma REMONTIVM and VICVS VALERIVS of
“Synonymia” (1578), 4 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) in the lemmas CASSIA,
REMONIVM, RVBRA SAXA and VICVS and 6 times in lemmas CASSIA, PRÆMONSTRATVM,
REMONIVM, RVBRA SAXA, TIBVR and VICVS in “Thesaurus” (1596).
“Ad Quintum fratrem” is mentioned twice as a source in lemmas LABRO and
VITVLARIÆ of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 4 times in lemmas BOVILLÆ,
DIONYSIOPOLIS, LABRO and VITVLARIÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596).
“Ad Papirium Pætum” in lemma SELICIANA of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Cicero also wrote “Oratio pro L. Flacco (Ort215, also referred to 4 times as a
source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587), and 7 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
“Pro A. Cæcina” in lemma TARQVINIENSIS of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Cicero quotes Marcus Cato (Ort211; also mentioned as a source in lemma AMANVS
of “Thesaurus” (1596)).
Ortelius bought “Opera” by Cicero from Plantin in 1578.
Cicero also wrote “Letters to Atticus”, mentioned 5 times in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578), 32 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 58 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596) of which Ortelius bought two copies from Plantin in 1586.
Cicero’s “Familiaribus ad Leptam” is mentioned as a source in lemmas PETRINVM
and STATELATES of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and in lemmas ARAE, ARDA,
ARGENTEVS (twice), CYBISTRA, PETRINVM and STATELATES of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Cicero’s “Pro Milone” was bought by Ortelius in 1590 and once referred to in
lemma XENIÆ of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and once in lemma ALSIENSIS
of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Cicero’s “Epistolae Familiariae” are mentioned 31 times in “Thesaurus” (1596)
to refer to Cicero’s numerous letters.
”Contra Rullus” is mentioned as a source in lemmas ABANA and RECENTORICVS of
“Thesaurus” (1596).
”De Divinatione” [about prediction] in lemma CHARONIA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Cicero’s “Papyri” are mentioned as a source in lemma HERCVLANEVM of “Thesaurus”
(1596).
Cicero’s “Piso” is mentioned as a source in lemmas NAVPACTIS, SEPLASIÆ and
THRACON of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Cicero’s “Oratio pro T. Annio Milone” is mentioned as a source in lemma PRECIVS
of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Cicero’s “Oratio pro Sexto Roscio Amerino” is mentioned as a source in lemma
SERVILIVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Cicero’s “Oratio pro L. Muraena” is mentioned as a source in “Deorum Dearum”
(1573).
Altogether, Cicero is mentioned as a source 9 times in Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1570L, 1571L), 11 times in “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L), in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 65 times in its text.
In “Thesaurus” (1587) Cicero is altogether mentioned 198 times as a source, and
in “Thesaurus” (1596) 275 times. In “Deorum Dearum” (1573) Cicero is altogether
mentioned 46 times as a source.
Cicero is mentioned twice on map
sheet Ort209 in connection with where he lived and where he was born.
In texts: Ort124.8a, 193.12,
196.49, 207.8, 208.14, 209.16, 209.20, 209.30, 209.43, 211.7, 217.26, 217.27,
218.9, 228.8;
Orations Bk.2: Ort210.11,
Oration for Marcus Fonteius:
Ort196.8, 196.99;
Oration for Flaccus: Ort215.3;
Orations, as given against
Verres: Ort141.6, 186.6, 211.5, 211.12, 216.36;
Offices Bk. 2: Ort19.22;
De Provincijs consularibus:
Ort196.13, 196.58;
Scipio's Dream: Ort221.5;
Nature of Gods Bk.3: Ort220.3,
221.35;
Book of Laws: Ort224.5;
Letter to Trebatius: Ort16.33,
190.7, 190.42, 192.16;
To Vatinius: Ort203.34;
Quoting Marcus Cato: Ort211.5.
Quote from Tusculan
Disputationes
Quote from Tusculan Disputations
Quote from Tusculan Disputations
Quote from Republica
Quote from Natura Deorum
Cieça or Cieza, Pedro Legionensis (de Léon), 1518 – 1560, was the first
historian to write a history on Peru which he had visited: “La primera parte de
la Crònica del Peru”, Sevilla, 1553. It was translated into Italian as
“Chronica del grandissimo regno del Peru”, Rome 1555, and perhaps expanded as
“Istorie del Peru, dove si tratta l’ordine delle province, della citte, i riti
et costumi degli Indiani Agiuntovi in dissegno tutte le India”, Venice 1557.
Ort9.29, 10.29, 11.32, 15.14,
15.19.
Ciecus see Cieca.
Ciofanus, Hercules, 14th
century, was a humanist and scholar on Ovidius. He is mentioned as a source
found in a manuscript and also as the author of “Descriptio Sulmonis orbis”
mentioned 3 times in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 4 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596) e.g. in lemma SVLMO, where this work is called “pulcherrima descriptio”
[a very beautiful description]. In lemma VERETVM of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)
Ciofanus’ “Metamorphoses” is mentioned as a source. Altogether he is mentioned
10 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 12 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort213.13.
Cisnerus, Nikolaus,
1529 – 1583, was a German scholar who wrote a preface to Crantzius’ “Saxonia”
to which Ortelius refers once in his “Synonymia” (1578).
Citolinus, Alexander,
16th century, was an Italian poet who had to flee from Italy because
of his support of Luther. His main work is “Typocosmia” (Ort1,2,3).
Typocosmia or Pattern of the
World (in Italian) Ort1.43, 2.43, 3.46.
Clarævallensis,
Bernardus or Bernard de Clairvaux, 1090 – 1153, was a Frenchman who was
sanctified. His “Opera Omnia” was first published in 1572. Ortelius refers to
this author as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) via Surius in the lemma
ARDINACHIA.
Clarenceux, 16th
century, was a title of honour meaning King of Arms, Herald with jurisdiction.
It was bestowed on William Camden, as mentioned in the text of Ortelius’
Anglia, Ort19.
Ort19.45-l.
Claudianus Claudius “the Christian poet”, 370 – 404, from Alexandria,
Egypt, was the last of the Roman poets in the classical tradition. He wrote at
the court of the young emperor Honorius whose work he celebrated in his poems.
Claudianus was a poet of Latin and Greek verses such as “De Bello Gildonico”
(Ort217), “Panegyris Serenæ Reginæ”(Ort192,203); also mentioned as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius calls this “De laude serenæ” (Ort25), published in
Italian in Venice, 1470, Vicenza, 1482, Parma, 1493, as also by Camers in
Vienna, 1510, and by Pulmann in Antwerp, 1572. Also “Metamorphosis (Ort192),
“De Laude Stiliconis” [In Praise of Stilicon] (Ort200,203), referred to once by
Ortelius in his “Synonymia” (1578), twice in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 5 times
in “Thesaurus” (1596). Further “Wars of the Goths” (Ort231; ). Ortelius refers
to Claudianus’ “De Bello Getico” once as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578),
twice in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 3 times in “Thesaurus”(1596), e.g. in lemma
SCINTHI and VRBEM, and to his “Proserpina” in “Thesaurus (1587, 1596). Further,
Claudianus wrote “Panegyrics” (Ort192,196,203); also in lemma VTENS of
“Thesaurus” (1596) a Panegyric to Probus. In lemma QVINTIANÆ of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), he refers to Claudianus’ “Epigrammatibus” as a
source, and in lemmas TITANA and ZARINENSIS of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Claudianus’ “De Phœnice” is mentioned as a source. In lemma THYNI of
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Claudianus quotes Eutropius. In “Thesaurus” (1596)
Claudianus’ “De nuptiis Honorij” is mentioned twice as a source. Ortelius
bought an unspecified work of Claudianus from Plantin in
Claudianus is mentioned once on
map sheet Ort197 and once on map sheet Ort198; further in map texts: Ort30.3,
121.3, 122.3, 192.7, 192.24, 192.25, 192.42, 196.7, 196.11, 196.41, 196.52,
199.22, 199.65, 200.40, 206.7, 209.13, 209.16, 209.19, 212.11, 212.20, 213.3,
217.15, 219.12, 221.15, 226.98, 231.22, 231.23, 232.21;
De Bello Gildonico: Ort217.14;
De Laude Serenæ: Ort25.8, Ort203.22;
Metamorphosis Bk.15: Ort192.24;
In Praise of Stilicon, Bk.1:
Ort200.62;
Wars of the Goths: Ort231.21;
Second Panegyric to Stilico:
Ort203.24;
Panegyricus: Ort192.24;
Fourth Panegyrick on the
consulship of Honorius: Ort196.61.
Claudius Appius, third
century BC., was a famous Roman censor, an obstinate man with original views.
He built the first Roman aquaduct and the Via Appia which leads from Rome to
Brindisi. He is the first Roman prose writer, and was by Cicero considered as a
notable orator. He composed aphorisms in Saturnian verse, a few of which have
survived. They include: “faber est suæ quique fortunæ” [a man is the creator of
his own fate].
Ort136.4.
Claudius Champierus
Lugdunensis see Champier, Symphorian.
Claudius Claudianus,
see Claudianus Claudius.
Claudius, Tiberius
Caesar Augustus Germanicus, 1 August 10 BC – 13 October 54 AD., was the
fourth Roman emperor, a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from 24
January 41 AD to his death in 54 AD. He
was reportedly afflicted with some type of disability, and his family had
virtually excluded him from public office. This infirmity may have saved him
from the fate of many other Roman nobles during the purges of Tiberius' and
Caligula's reigns; potential enemies did not see him as a serious threat to
them. His very survival led to his being declared emperor after Caligula's
assassination, at which point he was the last adult male of his family. Despite
his lack of political experience, he proved to be an able administrator and a
great builder of public works. His reign saw an expansion of the empire,
including the conquest of Britain. Ortelius finds in Ammianus that Claudius
gave his name to the city called Claudiopolis, also called Isauria, in
Cappodocia, as he reports in his “Synonymia” (1578). In the same work, Ortelius refers to Claudianus’
“”De Bello Getico” as a source. In Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587), emperor
Claudius is mentioned as a source 4 times, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 5 times.
Claudius Mamertinus see Mamertinus, Claudius.
Claudius Marius
Aretius see Aretius Claudius Marius.
Claudius Senensis
Ptolemæus or Tolomei, 16th century, wrote Epistles to Gabriel Cæsano
(Ort137), Venice, 1547.
Epistles to Gabriel Cæsano Bk.6:
Ort137.12.
Clauserus or Clauser,
Conrad, 16th century, published works by Chalcondylas on the Turks
in Basel,
Ort16.16, 56.9, 56.10, 56.11,
56.12, 57.10.
Clavius, Christoph,
Bamberg, 1538 – 1612, was one of the foremost astronomical authorities of the
late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. He is also known for his early
printed edition of Euclid's “Elements”
and for his important role in the formulation, promulgation, and defense of the
Gregorian calendar reform. He taught mathematics in Rome for nearly half a
century, and in the process firmly established mathematical studies in the
curriculum of the far-flung and influential network of Jesuit colleges. The
many books he wrote cover all aspects of the traditional field of mathematics
and include also applied aspects such as instruments and practical computation.
Clavius's “Commentary on the Sphere of
Sacrobosco” was published from 1591 onwards many times in many places
across Europe for over forty years and employed as an introductory text book at
many schools. Ortelius bought a copy of this work in 1595 from Plantin.
Clazomenius,
Alexander, Klazomenai, abt. 500 BC - 428 BC., was a Greek philosopher who is
quoted once by Ortelius in his “Synonymia (1578) and once in “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596).
Clemens, Alexandrinus
Titus Flavius, saint , c. 150-215 AD., was converted to Christianity at an
early age. He was born in Athens, moved to Alexandria and fled the persecution
of Christians there. He was a founder of the first school of theology in
Alexandria. He wrote “Paidagwgos” giving guidelines to converted
Christians, further “Strwmateis” (Ort16, 190,
192,203,214,220,221,222), literally meaning “Tapestry” on a variety of
subjects, trying to provide a scientific basis for religion, 3 times mentioned
as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) in the lemma CANI, MAGI, and
NOROPES and 7 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) in lemmas ATHYRIA, CANGANORVM, MAGI,
NOROPES, PERATICI, PLANGONIVM, SACIDÆ, SEMNI and TARAXANDRA. Further, Clemens
wrote “Recognitium, Greek title unknown, (Ort16, 192,196,200,221); also
referred to as a source in lemma PLISTONICENSEM of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596) and in lemmas MAGVSÆI and PALTOS of “Thesaurus” (1596), which are now
considered to be “Pseudo-Clementina”, not written by Clemens. Clemens’ “Ad
gentes” is mentioned as a source in lemmas CALLICHORVS, EVENITÆ, GERANDRYVM,
HALIMVSII, NEAPECHA and SAGRA of “Thesaurus” (1596). Altogether, Clemens is
mentioned 7 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 24 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596). He quotes Plutarchus (Ort199,200).
Ort196.40, 196.49, 196.99,
199.72, 200.55, 220.2, 221.33, 221.42, 221.43, 232.24;
Stromateis 222.18, Bk.1:
Ort203.25, Bk.3: Ort222.40, Bk.6: Ort16.36, 190.10, 190.45, 192.19, 220.10,
221.45, Bk.7: Ort214.15;
Recognitions: Ort200.52, Bk.5,
Ort220.9, 221.42, Bk.9: Ort16.43, 190.16, 190.53, 192.29, 196.77, 196.99,
200.52,
Quoting Plutarchus: Ort199.28,
200.60.
Clement I, pope and saint, fl. 96
AD., also known as Clemens Romanus is listed from an early date as a bishop of
Rome. He was the first Apostolic Father of the Church. He is mentioned as a
source in lemma GITTA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). In lemma THISBE of
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Clement’s “Recognitiones” is mentioned as a source. He
is mentioned twice as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 3 times in “Thesaurus
(1596). In lemma PARÆCII of “Thesaurus” (1596) his “Constitutiones Apostolorum”
is mentioned as a source without giving its author.
Clément, Nicolas
Trellæus Mosellanus, born in Viseline near Nancy in 1550, was a humanist, poet
and schoolmaster who taught in Lorraine, and friend of Ortelius. He wrote an
anagram on the name Abraham Ortelius: Urbis laetus amor [Happy [in his] love
for [his] city] and a 4-line epigram which appeared in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587). Clément is mentioned twice as a source in lemmas NASIVM in “Thesaurus”
(1596) where he is called “doctissimus” and in OBRINCVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596). Clement wrote “Austrasiae Reges et Duces Epigrammatis” published in
Cologne in 1591. It contains a collection of finely engraved portrait
medallions by Woeiriot, sculptor to the duke of Lorraine. Ortelius bought a
copy of this book from Plantin in 1592. Clément wrote Ortelius a letter in 1583
(Hessels 124) and contributed to his “Album Amicorum”, (f. 51, on July 1,
1582).
Cleobulus, 4th.
c. BC., of Lindus or of Rhodos, Greek: Κλεόβουλος ὁ
Λίνδιος;
Κλεόβουλος ὁ Ῥοδίος, was a Greek tyrant,
philosopher and poet from Lindus on Rhodos, and the son of Euagoras. He is quoted by Plinius, as
reported in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and occurs
once in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he also occurs once as a source.
Cleodemus, Malchus, the prophet, 2nd c. BC., was a
Hellenistic writer. His Semitic name, "Malchus," a very common one in
Phoenicia and Syria but not found among the Jews, combined with the pagan
traditions abounding in his work, has given rise to discussions concerning his
origin. Cleodemus was the author of a history of the Jews in Greek, in which
Jewish traditions are blended with Greek mythology. A short notice of this
history, which is no longer in existence, is quoted by Josephus (Ant. i. 15)
from Alexander Polyhistor. He is referred to once as a source in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma AFRA.
Cleomenes, 260 - 219 BC, was the third King of Sparta from 235 – 219 BC.
He attempted to restore Spartan power by rehabilitating Lycurgus’ constitution,
including redistribution of land. The reforms were partly carried out but in
222 Cleomenes was defeated at Sellasia by the Achæans and fled to Egypt.
Ort186.9.
Cleon, died 422 BC.,
was a prominent Greek politician during the first part of the Peloponnesian
war.
Ort226.2.
Clitarchus or Cleitarchus, Greek: Κλείταρχος, abt. 300 BC., one of
the historians of Alexander the Great, son of the historian Dinon of Colophon,
was possibly a native of Egypt, or at least spent a considerable time at the
court of Ptolemy Lagus. Quintilianus (Instit. x. I. 74) credits him with more
ability than trustworthiness, and Cicero (in “Brutus”, II) accuses him of giving a fictitious account of the
death of Themistocles. But there is no doubt that his history was very popular,
and much used by Diodorus Siculus, Quintus Curtius, Justinus and Plutarchus,
and the authors of the Alexander romances. His unnatural and exaggerated style
became proverbial. His work, completely lost, has survived only in some thirty
fragments preserved by other ancient authors, especially by Aelianus and
Strabo. He is mentioned as a source in lemma MANDRI of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596).
Clur, Ioannes, late 16th
century, was a citizen of Gdansk to whom the Prussia (Ort 88b) map was
dedicated.
Clur is the person whose name
appears in the dedication contained in the cartouche of the half sheet map of
Prussia Ort88b
Clusius, Carolus or
Charles de l’Écluse, Arras 1526 - Leiden 1609, of Arras, France (Ort49) was a
famous Flemish-born doctor and botanist who wrote among other works “Rariorum
plantarum historia” (1601) describing rare plants in countries Clusius visited such
as Spain, Italy and Hungary, and has extensive notes on tulips. He introduced
the potato in the Low Countries. In 1567 Ortelius bought a copy of his
“Historia Aromatum” and again in
Ort48.4, 48.17, 49.3, 49.13,
49.23.
Cnoyen, Jacobus, 14th
c., was a Dutch or Flemish traveller to the Northern regions, who wrote an
“Itinerarium” about this journey. He is quoted in a letter by Mercator to John
Dee in 1577 (Imago Mundi XII, p. 103-106). Ortelius knew about this “Itinerary”
or he was familiar with Mercator’s account of it. Cnoyen is mentioned as a
source in lemma VMBILICVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Cocceius or Coccianus,
Dion, fl. end 2nd c. AD., was a Greek from Nicea who was appointed senator
in Rome. He became a historian who wrote “Historiae Romanae liber” about the
history of Rome from 749 BC to 229 AD. Cocceius is mentioned as a source in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and once in the text
itself. He is mentioned as a source via Tzetzes in lemma NARBONENSIS of
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and occurs twice as a source in “Thesaurus”
(1587). In lemma CHOERADES of “Thesaurus” (1596) he is again mentioned as a
source via Lycophron, where he is altogether mentioned twice as a source.
Coccio, Marcantonio
see Sabellicus.
Cock, Hendrik see Coquus.
Cock, Hieronymus, 1510
– 1570, was an engraver and colourist who travelled to Italy in 1546 to learn
about engraving and who joined the St. Luke guild in Antwerp in 1547. His
enterprise “De vier winden” produced 1100 prints between 1548 and 1570. He is
mentioned by Ortelius in his “Catalogus Auctorum” as the engraver/publisher of
“Gilles Boileau’s “Sabaudiae et Burgundiae” (Ort48b,49b), of Heydanus’
Germania, Schrot’s “Gelria et Clivia” (Ort61,62), Gutiérez’ “America” map,
Lannoyo’s “Burgundia” map (Ort51,53b), Septala’s “Mediolanensis” map and
Schrot/Laicksteen’s “Terra Sancta” map (Ort173). His wall map of Spain in 4
sheets of 1553 was the model for Clusius’ 6-sheet map of Spain, published by
Ortelius in 1571.
Codex or Caudex is a
manuscript document in book form. It may but need not be a manuscript. Ortelius
refers hundreds of times to Greek and/or Latin codices e.g. of Strabo,
Ptolemaeus, and Plinius in his “Synonymia” (1578) and “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
In the same works, Ortelius also often quotes “meus Codex” without specifying
the author. Ortelius refers to a “Vetus Codex Plinij” in the lemma VIRGI of his
“Synonymia” (1578) as well as to “excusis exemplaris Plinij” which simply means
“made” without saying how. Gruberus is mentioned as a manuscript in all
“Synonymia” and “Thesaurus” editions. In his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), Ortelius
refers to a “Codex Theodosianus” as a source. In the same works, in the lemma
AEGETINI, Ortelius refers to three Codices owned by him which show different
spellings for this place name. Unidentifiable “codices” occur quite often in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). In the lemma ILORCI in his “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) Ortelius refers to the “Codex Venetus” the “Codex Coloniensis” and
the “Codex Parisiensis” as Plinian sources, and in METELLA to his “Codices
Basilienses”.
Codex of Books see
Giustiniani.
Codex Castigatus is an
anonymous work, published in 1521. Ortelius refers to it once in his
“Synonymia” (1578) and in “Thesaurus, 1587,1596) in the lemma NOEGA VCESIA.
Codinus, Georgius, end
15th century, was a Byzantine author who wrote “Patria” about
Constantinople, as also “Curopalatae de Officialibus” about ceremonies and
“Chronology” about Byzantine history. Ortelius bought a copy of this work,
published in Lyon, from Plantin in 1588, and refers to this work in lemma
BRYSIS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort214.35
Coecke van Aalst,
Pieter, 1502-1550, was a Flemish painter,
known for his Crucifixion and Archangel Gabriel. He was a friend of Ortelius.
Coenalis see Cœnalis
Cœnalis, Robert, or
Robert Ceneau, died in 1560, was a bishop of Avranches, France, who wrote an
adventurous “Historia Gallia” (Ort21,34,36,37), Paris 1557, probably also
referred to by Ortelius (Ort16,21,34,36,37,44,45) as “De re Gallica”.[About
French matters], which is referred to once as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587) and once in “Thesaurus” (1596). Ortelius bought a copy of this book from
Plantin in 1568. Cœnalis is mentioned 16 times as a source in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1571L) and 23 times in “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He is
included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and
mentioned 33 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 76 times
as a source, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 82 times.
Ort16.5k, 16.14, 16.18, 37.5,
37.11, 37.12, 37.13, 37.15, 37.28, 44.13, 46.2, 46.8, 47.5, 48.7, 48.8, 49.5,
49.9, 49.31, 51.9, 51.19, 52.10, 53.11, 53.16, 69.4, 70.5, 70.14, 71.5;
History of France: Ort34.8,
36.20, 37.16;
De re Gallica Bk.2: Ort21.17,
21.30, Bk.2, Ch.3: 44.2, 44.3, 44.6, 45.2, 45.3, 45.6, 45.12, Bk.3, Ch.2:
Ort16.10, 16.24, 16.70.
Cognatus, Gilbert
Nozeremus or Nozorenus or Noxeranus, 1505 -1567, also Cousin, Hugo, of Nozeroy,
France, was a Burgundian nobleman, officer , friend and secretary of Erasmus to
whom the saying is attributed that one should always take the first advice of a
woman, but not the second. He wrote “Opera multifarii argumenti, lecta et
incunda, et omnis generis professoribus, veluti grammaticis, oratoribus,
poëtis, philosophis, medicis, iure consultis, ipsisque theologis apprime
utilia”, Basel, 1562. He also wrote about Lucianus. Not much is known about him as the author of a manuscript
Burgundy map used by Ortelius (Ort52). As Hugo Cousin, he is mentioned in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1584 onwards, and he probably
supplied his manuscript map of Burgundy, to which Ortelius refers as a source
in lemma GANODVRVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Since he worked for Philip II,
there may be political reasons behind the inclusion of this map, which is
inferior to that of Lannoy, viz. Ort 51, (Meurer p. 131). In a 1579 Latin copy
of the Theatrum in the Vatican Library, Cognatus is censured as a heretic. He
is twice mentioned as a source in “Synonymia” (1571L) and 4 times in
“Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He is mentioned as a source in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 5 times in its text. In
“Thesaurus” (1587) he is 11 times mentioned as a source, and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) 19 times. In a 1579 Latin copy of the Theatrum in the Vatican Library,
Cognatus is censured as a heretic.
Mentioned in the cartouche of
Burgundiæ Comitatus as the maker of this map Ort52;
Ort34.8, 36.20, 48.7, 51.9, 51.20, 168.8, 169.8;
City Book: 51.10, 51.19, 52.10,
52.11, 53.10, 53.11.
Coignet, Michael, 1544
- 1623, was a native of Antwerp, where he spent his working life. He was an
instrument maker and a friend of Mercator and Ortelius who modelled his work
after the Arsenius school. It is significant, and typical of the practice of
geometry at the time, that although we know Coignet best as a maker of
instruments and an engraver of maps, he identified himself in a Latin
manuscript now in the Bodleian Library as 'Michaelis Coignêti Mathematici
Antverpiani' and is described in an English work of the period as
'Mathematician of Antwarpe'. As well as making instruments, he wrote general
books on mathematics. As we have seen with Mercator, the roles of geometer and
instrument maker were not sharply differentiated: it is characteristic of
Renaissance geometry that these were complementary aspects of a single
discipline. He wrote a seven-page mathematical introduction to the 1601L
Theatrum, translated into Italian by Filippo Pigafetta for the 1608/1612
Italian edition and reappearing in its original form in the 1609/1612 Latin
edition. Together with Arsenius brothers, he made Epitomes after Ortelius’
“Theatrum” in Latin (1601, 1609), French (1602), Italian (1602), English
(1603)and German (1604).
Coins: Ortelius bought
from Plantin in 1578 and again in 1593 Occo’s “Imagines imperatorum Romanorum
numismata a Pompeio magno ad Heraclium”. Jacob Cools also owned a copy of this
book in which he wrote that in 1597, Ortelius possessed 1925 ancient coins.
Colius himself, in 1603, owned 1179 ancient coins. In 1592 Ortelius writes to
Jacob Cools (Hessels 214) that he has coins of all Roman emperors in gold as
far as the 25th (viz. Geta) except Commodus. Ortelius also refers
frequently to Goltzius’ publications on coins. The “Synonymia” and “Thesauri”
contain a considerable amount of information on coins:
In the lemma ABASENI in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) he mentions a coin
from Goltzius “Thesaurus” showing emperor Severus, and a coin showing Antoninus
Brittanicus.
In lemma ABILENI of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers via Goltzius to a
coin showing emperor Antoninus Brittannicus and the inscription Abilena.
In the lemma ADERCON of the “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing Traianus with the inscription aderkwnitwn mentioned in Goltzius’
“Thesaurus”.
In the lemma AELIA HADRIANA AVG. of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he refers
to a coin showing emperor Hadrianus.
In the lemma AENIANES of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he refers to a
copper coin with the inscription OINIANWN which also shows a bull’s head.
Via Goltzius in lemma AESANITORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to
a coin showing emperor Agrippina and the inscription AESANITORVM.
Via Goltzius in lemma AGESSVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing Gordianus with the inscription agesiwn.
In lemma
AGRIPPA COR. Ortelius refers to a coin from Goltzius’ “Thesaurus” in his own
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) inscribed with AGRIPPA COR.
In lemma AGRIPPINA in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) a reference is made to a coin
showing Claudius and the inscription COL. AGRIPPINA VBIOR and another showing
Vitellius, both with COL. AGRIPPINA VBIOR. LEGIO XIXon them.
In the lemma ALEXANDRIA in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to
a copper coin with the inscription: ALEXANDREIA FI KOINON QRAKON.
In lemma ALEXANDRIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers via Goltzius to
a coin showing emperor Elagabalus or Varius Avitus Bassianus (203 – 222) with
the inscription ALEXANDRIA AVG. COL.
Via Goltzius in lemma AMBASITORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers
twice to a coin showing emperor Claudius with the inscription ambasitwn
mhtropolewn.
In lemma
ANAPLYSTVS of“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to an old coin in
Goltzius’ “Thesaurus” showing the Anaphlysti.
Via Goltzius in lemma ANGETORVM in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing Antoninus Brittanicus with the inscription Aggetwn.
In lemma
ANTIOCHIA in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius observes that there is an ancient
coin showing Marcus Aurelius and containing the inscription ANTIOCHIA COLONIA.
In lermma ANTIPOLIS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Titis and the inscription ANTIPOLIS COLONIA.
Via Goltzius in lemma ANTIVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Nero and the inscription COL. ANTIAT. LEG. IIII. ITALICA.
In lemma ANXVR of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
consul Vibius Pansa and (part of?) the inscription AXVR.
In lemma APHRYSUS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius says that Goltzius
mentions a coin showing Domitilla (spouse of emperor Vespasianus) with the
inscription amfrusewn kai daulidwn omoia.
In lemma APOLLONIA his
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin with Hadrianus on it, and
with an inscription of the Roman colony “APOLLONIA”.
In lemma AQVAE SEXTIAE of
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor Vespasianus
and the inscription COLONIA IVLIA AQVAE SEXTIAE LEGIO XXV, via Goltzius.
In lemma
AQVILEIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor
Vespasianius and the inscription AQVILEIA COLONIA.
In lemma
ARA FLAVIA COLONIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596)
Ortelius refers to a coin in Goltzius showing Domitianus and the
inscription ARA FLAVIA COLONIA.
In lemma ARGAEVS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
emperor Hadrianus with the inscription ARGER EORVM via Goltzius.
In lemma
ASTA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor
Augustus with the inscription COL. AST. AVGVSTA, via Goltzius.
In lemma
ASTVRICA AVGVSTA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), Ortelius refers to a coin showing
emperor Augustus and the inscription COLONIA ASTVRICA AVGVSTA.
Via
Goltzius, in lemma AVGVSTA EMERITA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers
to a coin showing emperor Augustus and the inscription AVGVSTA EMERITA COLONIA.
In lemma
AVGVSTA PRÆTORIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
emperor Tiberius and the inscription COL. AVGVSTA PRÆTORIA.
In lemma AVGVSTA RAVRICORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Augustus Tiberius and the inscription COL. AVG. RAVRACOR.
Via Goltzius in lemma AVGVSTA TIBERII of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius
refers to a coin showing emperor Tiberius and the inscription COL. AVG. TIB.,
i.e. Regensburg.
in the
lemma AVGVSTA PRÆTORIA of his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Tiberius with the inscription COL. AVGVSTA PRÆTORIA.
Via Goltzius in lemma BÆSAMPSA of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Traianus and the inscription BAIKAMYINWN.
In the
lemma BARBESOLA of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) Ortelius mentions a coin showing
emperor Galba with the inscription COL. BARBESVLA LEG. XVIII.
Another coin showing emperor Galba has the inscription COL. BARCINO FAVENTIA in
the lemma BARCINO of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Based on Goltzius’ “Thesaurus”, Ortelius writes in his own “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) in lemma BARGASA about a coin showing emperor Vespasianus with the
inscription bargashnwn.
In lemma
BARCINO of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor
Galba with the inscription COL. BARCINO FAVENTIA.
Via Goltzius in lemma BARGASA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Vespasianus and the inscription bargashnwn.
Via Goltzius in lemma BARGIACIS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Galba and the inscription BARGIACIS MUNICIPIVM.
In lemma BASERA in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to Goltzius who has
a coin showing emperor Titus and the inscription bashrewn.
In “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma
BATAVODVRVM Ortelius mentions a coin showing emperor Ludovicus, and a ship,
with the inscription DORESTATVS.
In lemma BEDVNIA of his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), on the basis of Golzius’
“Thesaurus” Ortelius reports a coin showing emperor Claudius with the
inscription BEDVNIA.
Via Goltzius in lemma BER of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Commodus and the inscription COL. BER. SEC. and a coin showing
emperor Philippus with the inscription COL. BER IO. M.H. Ortelius professes not
to know what these inscriptions refer to.
Via Occo in lemma BEROELIORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Traianus with the inscription BEROELIORVM.
In lemma BERYTOS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin with the
inscription COL. AVGVSTA BERYTVS FELIX IVLIA.
In the lemma BILBILIS of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
copper coin showing emperor Tiberius and the inscription AVGVSTA BILBILIS.
In the lemma BISGARGITANI of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) reference is
made via Golzius to a coin showing emperor Germanicus and the inscription
BICARGIS.
In the lemma BITHYNIA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he refers to a coin
showing emperor Hadrianus with the inscription BITHEINIA.
In lemma BOSTRA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
empress Julia Mammea and the inscription COL. BOSTRA. N.T.R. ALEXANDRIANÆ.
In lemma BRVNDISIVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing the inscription BRYNDISIVM.
In lemma BRVTII of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin with the
inscription BRETTI.
Via Goltzius in lemma BVRDOA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Tiberius and the inscription BVRDOA.
In lemma CABITORVM in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he mentions a coin via Goltzius’ “Thesaurus” showing
emperor Vespasianus and the text CABITORVM.
Via Goltzius in lemma CADO of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to
Goltzius’ reporting about a coin showing emperor Marcus Aurelius with the
inscription COLONIA CADO.
Via Goltzius in lemma CAESAREA ARCHELAIS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers
to a coin showing emperor Pescennius and the inscription KAICAREIAC GERMANIKHC.
Via Goltzius in lemma CALAGVRIS
of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor Augustus
and the inscription MVN.CALAG.IVL.
Via Occo in lemma CARCHENORVM of
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor Decius and
the inscription CARCHENORVM.
In lemma CASCANTENSES of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a copper coin
showing emperor Tiberius and the inscription MVNICIPIVM CASCANTVM.
Via Goltzius in lemma CELENNA of
“Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor Vespasianus and the
inscription CELENA.
Via Goltzius in lemma CEPHYRÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Domitanus and the inscription CEPHYRÆ EDORVM.
In lemma
CERETAPEORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a copper coin he
owns showing emperor Commodus and showing Hercules and the inscription keretapewn.
In lemma CHREÆTAPORVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
emperor Commodus with the inscription keretapewn.
In lemma
CLAVDIOPOLIS of “Thesaurus” (1596) via Occo, Ortelius refers to a coin with the
inscription GENESIS ANTINOOU KIQINDOS.
In lemma
CLVNIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor
Galba and the inscription CLVNIA SVL. Which stands for Clunia Sulpicia.
Via Occo
in lemma COLCARRENORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius mentions a coin
showing emperor Gordianus with the inscription COLCARRENORVM.
In lemma
COLONIA in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius describes two copper coins showing
emperor Augustus and Tiberius found in Spain with the inscription COL. V. I.
CELSA, which according to Goltzius means COLONIA VICTORIA IVLIA CELSA. VICTRIX
where VICTORIA refers to Antoninus Augustus.
In the lemma CONSTANTINOPOLIS of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius
refers to a coin showing emperor Caracalla with the inscription ANTONEINIA
BYSANTION SEBASTA.
In lemma CORDVBA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a copper coin
showing emperor Augustus and the inscription COLONIA PATRICIA CORDVBA.
Via
Onuphrius in lemma CORINTHVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin with the inscription COLONIA IVLIA CORINTHVS.
Via
Goltzius in lemma CORTHOSIEORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin with the inscription CORTHOSIEORVM or korqwsiewn.
Via
Goltzius in lemma COSSA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Nerva and the inscription COL.IVL.COSSA.
Via
Goltzius in lemma CRAMBONIDES of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Hadrianus with the inscription koinon
krambwnidwn.
Via
Goltzius in lemma CYNONNESOS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Titus and the inscription kunwnhsiwn.
In lemma
CYZICVS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a copper coin he owns showing
emperor Gordianus and others from Cyzicus and the inscription NEOKORWN
KUIIKHNWN.
In lemma
DAMASCVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
Volusianus and the inscription DAMAS.METRO.SELACOC and also KOL.DAMASKOS
MHTROPOLEWN.
Ortelius also refers to a coin showing Herennius and the inscription MHTROPOLEWC. IERACOC, via Goltzius.
Via
Goltzius in lemma DAMASCVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Herennius and the inscription KOL DAMACKOC MHTROPOLEON IERACOC
In lemma DAMASCVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius also refers to a coin he owns
showing empress Otacilla and the inscription
COLONI.DAMASCO.METROPOL. SEBACMIA . DAMASCVM
In lemma
DAPHNE of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing Alexander
the Great and the inscription CONSTANTINIANA DAFNE.
In lemma
DELMATIA of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor
Flavius and the inscription DELMATIA.
In the
lemma DESSÆ of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), he refers to coins with the
images of Gordianus and Severus, both with the inscription DESSENORVM.
Via Goltzius in lemma DEVNANA of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Geta and the inscription DEVA.
In the lemma DINDRYMÆORVM of his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers via
Goltzius to a coin showing emperor Augustus with an inscription identical to
the lemma.
In lemma EBVRACVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
emperor Severus and the inscription LEGIONEM VI. VICTRICEM.
In the
lemma ERGAVICA of his “Thesaurus” (1587) Ortelius refers to a copper coin
showing emperor Tiberius with the inscription ERCAVICA.
In lemma ERMIONE of “Thesaurus” (1578,1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a copper
coin he owns showing empress Julia Domna and the inscription ERMIWNH
and a
depiction of Mercurius.
In lemma
ERYX of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a silver coin he owns showing
Considius Nonnius (Praetor in late-Republican Rome) and the inscription ERYCEM.
In the
lemma ETHNESTÆ of his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin in
Goltzius showing emperor Augustus and the inscription ETHNESTÆ.
In Goltzius’ “Thesaurus”, Ortelius finds a coin showing emperor Nero in the
lemma EVLEORUM of his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) with the inscription EVLEORVM.
Via Goltzius in lemma ETHNESTÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Augustus and the inscription ETHNESTÆ.
Via Occo
in lemma ETIMÆVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a British coin with
the inscription MHTRO POLEWN ETIMINAUOU BAL/////////NCO.
Via
Goltzius in lemma EVLEORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Nero and the inscription EVLEORVM.
Via Occo
in lemma EVPHVSORIVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
emperor Antoninus Pius and the inscription EUFUCIWN
DIC. NEWKORWN.
Via
Goltzius in lemma FIRMIVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Galba and the inscription COLONIA AVG. FIRMA.
Via
Goltzius in lemma FLAVIOPOLIS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Domitianus and the inscription flafiopolin
samareiwn.
Via Goltzius in lemma FORVM
IVLIVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor Augustus
and the inscription COL. IVL. OCTAV.
In lemma
FRANCIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a silver coin showing
Constantine the Great and the inscription FRANCIA.
Via
Goltzius in lemma GEMELLA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Claudius and the inscription COL.AVGVSTA.GEMELLA. LEGIO.XXV.
In the
lemma GEPHYRÆEDORVM of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), he refers via
Goltzius to a coin showing emperor Domitianus and the description
GEPHYRÆEDORVM.
In lemma GERMANICOPOLIS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a copper coin
he owns showing emperor Septimus Severus, and on the other side Diana and the
inscription GERMANIKOPOLEWC ECTIA.
Via Goltzius in lemma GESENÆSIORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), Ortelius refers
to a coin showing emperor Decius and the inscription SEP. KOL.
GHSAINHSIWN.
In lemma GORDIANI of “Thesaurus” Ortelius refers to a copper coin he owns
showing emperor Decius and the inscription PICAICAINHCIWN.
In lemma GRACVRIS in “Synonymia”/”Thesaurus” (1578, 1587, 1596) Ortelius
mentions a copper coin displaying Tiberius Augustus with the inscription
GRACCVRIS.
In the lemma HADRIANI in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin with
the inscription AELIA ADRIANA referring to emperor Hadrianus.
Via Goltzius in lemma HYRAMENORVM
of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor Augustus
and the inscription HYRAMENORVM and in the same lemma also via Goltzius to a
coin showing emperor Severus and the inscription HYRANORVM.
In lemma IADERA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), Ortelius refers to a coin showing
emperor Domitianus and the inscription COL. AVGVSTA IADERA.
In lemma ILERCAONES of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a copper coin
he owns showing emperor Tiberius and on the other side a ship with bulging
sails with the inscription DERT and along the edge ILERCAVONIA.
In the lemma ILERGETES of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, not in 1596) reference
is made to a coin showing emperor Tiberius with the inscription ILERCAVONIA.
In lemma ILIPVLA of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius says that Plinius mentions a
very old coin with the inscription MVN.ELEPLA.
In lemma ILLICI of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to two coins mentioned in
Antonius Augustinus’ “Dialogo
In lemma ILLYRICVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
emperor Traianus Decius and the inscription ILLVRICIANORVM.
In the lemma IOL of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) there is a reference to a
coin showing emperor Claudius and the inscription COL. IOL. CÆSAREA IVBÆ REG.
In lemma IOPETORVM iophtwn of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596)
Ortelius refers via Goltzius’ “Thesaurus” to a coin showing emperor Titus and
the inscription of the shape of this lemma.
In lemma ITALICA of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a copper coin he owns
showing emperor Tiberius and the inscription DIVI.AVG.MUNIC.ITALIC.PERM.
Via Goltzius, in lemma IVLIA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) a coin is
mentioned showing emperor Augustus and the inscription COL.IVL.OCTAV (Colonia
Iulia Octavia).
Via Onuphrius, Ortelius refers in lemma IVLIA APVLVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) to a
coin with the inscription COL. IVL.SERT.SAC.AVG.FELIX.
Via Goltzius in lemma KAMARAS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing empress Faustina and the inscription KAMARAS.
Via Goltzius in lemma KARCENNA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Otho and the inscription COLONIA AVGUSTA KARCENNA.
In lemma LARIGNVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a silver coin
showing senator P. Accoleis Lariscolus and an inscription with that name.
Via Antonius Augustinus in lemma LEPTIS of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers
to a coin with the inscription COL.VIC.IVL. LEP. which Ortelius indicates to
stand for Colonia Victrix Iulia Leptis.
Via Goltzius, in lemma LYCOSTHENA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) a coin
is mentioned showing emperor Titus and the inscription of the metropolis of
LYCOSTHENA.
Via Goltzius in lemma MAGDOLVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Antoninus Pius and the inscription magdwlitwn.
Via Trebellius Pollius in lemma MAGVSANI of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), Ortelius
refers to a copper coin showing emperor Postumus, with on the other side an
image of Hercules Magusani and the inscription HERCVLI MAGVSANO M.PRIMIIS
V.S.L.M.
In lemma MANDROPOLIS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Titus and the inscription MANDROPOLIS or Mandropolis.
Via Goltzius in lemma MARANTHESIORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers
to a coin showing emperor Nero and the inscription MARANTHESIORVM.
Via Goltzius in lemma MAREDESSVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to
a coin showing emperor Antoninus Britannicus and the inscription KWLWN
MAREDESS.
In lemma MASANORADA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Titus and the inscription MASANORADA.
Via Goltzius in lemma MATYDIANOPOLIS of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) a
coin is mentioned showing emperor Traianus and the inscription MATYDIANOPOLIS.
In lemma MEDIOLANVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to an ancient
coin showing consul Marcus Valerius Messala and the inscription INSVBRIÆ.
In lemma MENANINI of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to Greek coins with the
inscription MHNANINOI.
In lemma
MERMESSVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor
Tiberius and the inscription MERMESSVS.
In lemma METALLVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a silver coin
showing emperor Ludovicus the 4th and the inscription METALLVM
Via Goltzius in lemma METROPOLIS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Gallienus and the inscription COL.AVR.METRO.
Via Erizzus in lemma MILETOPOLIS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Commodus and the inscription HILETOPOLIS.
In lemma MINTVRNÆ of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius writes that he owns a
copper coin showing emperor Tiberius and the inscription MVNTVRN.
In lemma MVRGANTIA of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers to Prosper Parisius’
map of “
Via Goltzius in lemma NAGIDOS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Lucius Verus and the inscription Nagidos.
Via Goltzius in lemma NEPR.COL. of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Gordianus and the inscription NEPR. COL.
Via Goltzius in lemma NICATORIVM in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to
a coin showing emperor Vespasianus and the inscription Nikatoritwn.
In lemma NISIOBENSES of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelkius refers to a copper
coin he owns showing emperor Traianus and the inscription NISIOBENSIS.
Via Occo in lemma ODANEORVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Caracalla and the inscription ODANEORVM.
In lemma ONIENSIVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a small coin
showing emperor Postumus and on the other side a figure of Hercules and the
inscription HERCVLES DEVS ONIENSI.
Via Goltzius in lemma OPHTHIS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Tiberius and the inscription WfQitwn.
In lemma ORIENS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a golden coin showing
emperor Traianus and the inscription PARTHICO.P.M.TR.P.COS.VI.S.P.Q.R.
Via Goltzius in lemma PAREMPHIS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Tiberius and the inscription PAREMPHIS.
In lemma PATRÆ of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a copper coin he
owns showing emperor Augustus and the inscription COL. A. AVG. PATREN.
Via Vivianus in lemma
Via Occo in lemma PETRA GEMOPOLI of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Hadrianus and the inscription petra
ghmopoli.
Via Goltzius in lemma PHARATHVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Claudius and the inscription faraqoneitwn.
Via Goltzius in lemma PHILIPPOS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Augustus and the inscription COL. IVL. PHIL.
In lemma PORTVS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a copper coin he owns
showing emperor Traianus and on the other side the inscription PORTVS.
In lemma PRIVERNVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius describes a coin showing
praetor Hypsæus and the inscription PREIVERNVM.
Via Goltzius in lemma PROCOPIAS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Hadrianus and the inscription PROCOPIAS.
In lemma PROSOPVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
emperor Hadrianus and the inscription PROCWPIAC.
In lemma QVINTANÆ of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), Ortelius refers nto a coin
showing emperor Nerva and the inscription QVINTANORVM COLONIA AVGVSTA.
In lemma QVINTVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
emperor Justinianus and the inscription VVITICVS,
In lemma SADALIS of Ortelius “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) a coin is
described showing emperor Galba with the inscription sandalitwn.
Via Goltzius in lemma SAMPHE in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Titus an the inscription samfaiwn.
Via Goltzius, in lemma SAMPSIRA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) a coin is
described showing emperor Hadrianus with the inscription samyeirewtoi.
Via
Goltzius, in lemma SANDALIVM of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), a coin is
described showing emperor Claudius with the inscription sandaliewn.
In lemma
SANGARIVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin he owns showing
Iulia Pia Augusta (sister of emperor Titus) and the inscription IAGARIS.
In lemma SARDESSVS of his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), Ortelius refers to a coin
showing emperor Vespasianus and the inscription sardessiwn.
In lemma
SARDICA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a copper coin he owns
showing emperor Caracalla and the inscription ulpia serdikh.
In lemma SCIRPHÆ of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
emperor Claudius and the inscription skirfaiwn.
Via Goltzius in lemma SCISCA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Nero and the inscription SCISCA COLONIA.
Via Goltzius in lemma SEBASTA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Augustus and the inscription SEBASTA COLONIA.
Via Goltzius in lemma SEGOBRIGA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Augustus and the inscription SIGOBRIGA.
Via Occo in lemma SEPFYRVS METRO in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to
a coin showing emperor Macrinus and the inscription SEPFYRUS METRO.
Via Goltzius in lemma SEPORENORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to
a coin showing emperor Traianus and the inscription sepwrhnwn.
Via Goltzius in lemma SEPTIMIA.AVG.METROPOLIS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596)
Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor Severus and the inscription COLONIA
SEPTIMIA AVG.
Via Goltzius in lemma SEVDREORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to
a coin showing empress Faustina and the inscription SEVDREORVM.
Via Goltzius in lemma SEVERIA OLYMPIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius
refers to a coin showing emperor Severus and the inscription SEVERIA OLYMPIA in
Africa.
In lemma SIDON of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
empress Iulia Soemia and the inscription COL. AVREL. PIA. METROPOL. SIDON.
In lemma SYSCIA of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius describes a Roman copper coin
described to him by his friend Philippus Wingius which has on one side a head
and the inscription IMP. C.M. AVR. PROBVS and on the other side a woman sitting
at the bank of a river with a container from which an image appears which is
thrown into the river and on the other side of the river a nude figure in water
up to the navel.
In the lemma TARENTVM In the “Synonymia” (1578) and “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)
Ortelius says that he owns an ancient coin with TARAS on it.
In lemma TARRACON of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelus says that he owns a coin of
Corinthian copper showing emperor Augustus and on the other side a temple with
the inscription AETERNITATIS AVGVSTÆ C.V.T.T. which means Colonia Victrix
Tyrrhenica or Togata Tarraco
Via Goltzius in lemma TAVROMENIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to
a coin showing emperor Tiberius and the inscription COL. AVG. TAVROMEN.
In lemma THYELLA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) he refers to a coin as a
source showing emperor Claudius on a coin with the inscription Quellaio.
In lemma
THYESSOS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor Titus
and the inscription quessewn.
In lemma TICINVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a silver coin showing
the text FLAVIA PAPIA, displayed on Breventanus’ map of Longobardia.
Via Goltzius in lemma TIPHVLEORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to
a coin showing emperor Augustus and the inscription TIPHVLEORVM or tifulewn.
Via Goltzius in lemma TOLETVM of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) reference
is made to a coin showing emperor Augustus with the inscription COL. TOLET.
In lemma
TREVIRI of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing emperor
Vespasianus and the inscription COL. AVG. PAT. TREVIROR.
Via Goltzius in lemma TROIA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), a coin is
mentioned showing Philippus and the inscription COL. TROIAS ANTIGONIA
ALEXANDRIA LEGIO XXI COL. AVG. TROAD.
In the
lemma TVRIASO of “Synonymia” (1578) and of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius
tells about a golden coin with the inscription TVRIASO and the effigy of
emperor Augustus on it.
In lemma TVSCVLVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin showing
Lucius Servus Rufus and the inscription TVSCVLVM.
Via Goltzius in lemma VALENTIA of “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a copper coin with the inscription
COL.IVL. VAL. which Ortelius interpretes as COLONIA IVLIA VALENTIA. However, in
lemma VALERIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he explains this abbreviation as
COLONIA IVLIA VALERIA.
Via Goltzius in lemma VIENNA LEG. of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he
refers to a coin showing emperor Nero with the inscription VIENNA LEG. VII.
CLAVDIANA.
In lemma
VLPIA TRAIANA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) he refers to a copper coin he
owns showing emperor Caracalla and the inscription oulpias serdikhs.
In lemma VLPIA TRAIANA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1596) a coin is mentioned showing emperor Traianus
with the inscription COL. AVG. VLPIA TRAIANA.
In lemma
VLPIA LEGIO of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a coin he owns showing
emperor Caracalla and the inscription ULPIA SERDIKH.
Via Goltzius in lemma VOLOBRIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Tiberius and the inscription VOLOBRIA.
Via Goltzius in lemma ZARMEORVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to a
coin showing emperor Titus and the inscription zarmewn.
This is
by no means a complete inventory of coins as can be found in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” and “Thesauri” but just examples that may contain sufficient
information to allow identification. More about coins in the chapter “Deorum
Dearumque Capita”.
Colineus, Jacobus Campanus, late 15th to early 16th
c., is an author who wrote “De memoria artificiosa”, published in 1515. He is mentioned as a source in lemma
VERGELLVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Colius or Cools,
Jacobus senior, father of Jacobus junior, around 1535 - 1591, married in his
second marriage Ortelius’ sister Elizabeth, thus becoming brother in law of
Ortelius. He wrote a letter to his children (Hessels 12) and received letters
from Ortelius in 1574 (Hessels 50), in 1581 (Hessels 108),and in 1588 (Hessels
161).
Colius or Cools, Jacobus junior or Ortelianus or Carbonius, Antwerp 1563
- London 1628, was a nephew of Ortelius, but in fact almost an adopted son, who
lived most of his life in London and who inherited many of Ortelius’ personal
possessions, although (most of) Ortelius library was auctioned in Antwerp in
September 1598. Many letters were exchanged between these two; Ortelius tried
to convince him to come to Antwerp and settle in his house, promising him a
fortune, but Jacob declined.
Letters from Ortelius: 1575,1587,1589,1590,1591,1595(twice),1597 (Hessels
57,144,149,164,184, 199,261,265,278,303) plus 3 unrecorded letters between May
1597 and January 1598 referred to in Hessels 314 § 3. Further, the British
museum possesses one letter (Harl. 6994 No. 22) written by Ortelius to Cools.
To Ortelius: 1591 (Hessels 192), 1596 (Hessels 294), 1597 (Hessels 309) plus 3
unrecorded letters between May 1597 and January 1598 referred to in Hessels 314
§ 3. He contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (f. AA and f. 78, on November 10, 1588), and wrote a
16-line obituary for his uncle Ortelius which was published in the 1603 Latin,
1608/1612 Italian and 1609/1612 Latin edition, beginning:”IVPITER ut celsa terram spectauit ab arce” and ending: “…
artus occupat ORTELII”. In the introduction of “Thesaurus” (1596) he writes an
anagram beginning: An noua..” and ending “.. iste VIVVS est”. Ortelius bought
from Plantin in 1578 and again in 1593 Occo’s “Imagines imperatorum Romanorum
numismata a Pompeio magno ad Heraclium”. Jacob Cools also owned a copy of this
book in which he wrote that in 1597, Ortelius possessed 1925 ancient coins.
Colius himself, in 1603, owned 1179 ancient coins, and probably inherited those
that Ortelius possessed. The “Synonymia” and “Thesauri” contain a considerable
amount of information on coins.
Mentioned in the cartouche as the person to whom the Lac Leman map is
dedicated, Ort55;
Ort15.22, 15.43.
Collatius see
Apollonius Collatius.
Collenutius,
Pandulphus or Collenucio, Pandolpho, 1444 – 1504, wrote a “History of Naples”
in 1468, first printed in Italian, Venice, 1558, published in Latin by Stupanus in 1572. Ortelius refers to him twice as a source in
his “Synonymia” (1578). He was strangled in prison at the command of Pope
Alexander VI. Collenutius is mentioned 24 times as a source in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 28 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort139.10, 142.13.
Collimitius, Georg,
1482 – 1535, was a Bavarian cartographer and mathematician. He corrected
Cuspinianus’ map of Austria, and quotes him.
Quoting Cuspianus: Ort114.4.
Collusius, Ludovicus,
15th century, from Florence, Italy wrote a book on the Duchy of
Burgundy (Ort51).
Duchy of Burgundy: Ort51.10,
52.11.
Columbanus Saint, province of Leinster, ca. 540 -
Bobbio, 23 november 615, was an Irish abbot, missionary and founder of various
monasteries on the European continent. He received his education in the monastery
of Bangor, where he also taught for 30 years. In 591 he left for France, where
he founded the abbey of Fontaines. He
prescribed for this community strict rules. These rules were replaced in the 9th
century by rules of Benedictus. His “Life” is mentioned as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma BRVSCA.
Columbus, Christopher
or Cristoforo Colombo or (Spanish:) Cristóbal Colón, 1451 - 1506, a navigator
from Genoa, settled in Lisbon with his brother Bartolomeo. He is best known for
having discovered America, which he thought to be East Asia.
Ort12.16, 12.41.
Columella, Junius
Moderatus, c. 36 - c.65 AD., from Cádiz, Spain, wrote a book “De re rustica”
[on farming] (Ort196,218) of which
Ortelius bought a copy from Plantin in 1578. Columella cites Dionysius, Mago
and Varro (Ort218). Ortelius refers to his “Hortus” once as a source in his
“Synonymia” (1578) and in “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma SEBETVS.
Columella is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and altogether 5 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he
is mentioned 23 times as a source and in Thesaurus” 27 times.
Columella is mentioned on map
sheet Ort193 once. Further in map texts: Ort193.59, 196.13, 199.18, 199.61,
200.36, 218.6, 232.24;
On Farming Bk.1: Ort196.61, Bk.4
Ch.1: Ort218.8;
Citing Dionysius, Mago &
Varro: Ort218.7.
Columna, Hieronymus,
16th century, was an Italian who wrote “Commentaries” about the Poet
Ennius (Ort209,226; also in lemma RVDIÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596) part of Columna’s
“Fragmenta explicationibus” ), Naples, 1590 he is mentioned as a source.
Commentaries on Ennius:
Ort209.6, 226.98;
Coluthus Thebaeus
Lycopolitanus, 1st c.? was a Greek author who wrote about the
ravishing of Helena, translated into Latin as “Raptus Helenae”. Ortelius refers
to this work once as a source in lemma ENNEA CYCLVS of his “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) and 3 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in lemma THERAMNÆ .
Comes, Hermannus
Nuenarius or Hermann von Newenar or Neuenahr, late 16th century, was
a provost of Cologne who wrote “Origines Francicae”(Ort100).
Ort100.4.
Comes, Marcellinus,
who died in 534, contributed to “Chronicon quod rerum orientalium historiam Eusebii
ex Hiernonymi usque ad Iustiniani tempora prosequitur”, also known as “Liber
Notitiarum” [Book of Remembrances or Records], see also that entry,
(Ort112,203,212,214,221) but also “Miscellaneous Stories” (Ort212). Comes is
mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578) and twice in its text. Ortelius calls him in lemma NAISVM of his
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) “auctor valde depravatus”, [an author who seriously
distorts matters]. Altogether, Comes is mentioned 30 times as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 39 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort213.10;
Liber Notitiarum [The book of
remembrances] Ort48.10, 112.8, 203.5, 212.6, 212.16, 213.10, 214.3, 214.34,
221.7;
Miscellaneous Stories: Ort212.6.
Comes, Natalis, or Natale Conti, Milan 1520 – Venice
1582, was an important Italian mythographer, and a poet, humanist and
historian. His “Mythologiae”,
in Latin, became a standard work on classical mythology for Renaissance Europe,
and was reprinted in a large number of editions. Ortelius refers twice to this
work of Comes Natalis in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and once in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ortelius bought a copy from Plantin of this work in 1584. He also wrote a
“History of Venice” which Ortelius bought from Plantin in 1583.
Comitibus, Nicolaus
de, who died in 1468, from Padua, wrote “Opus astrologicum” and “Commentarii in
Aristotelem”.
Ort163.5.
Comitus see Comes,
Marcellus.
Commelinus, Hieronymus,
Douai 1550 - Heidelberg 1597. A very active press printing
works in Greek operated in Heidelberg late in the fifteenth century, largely
due to the arrival of this fugitive Belgian/French Calvinist, Hieronymus
Commelinus. Having formerly studied at Heidelberg and began printing in Germany
in 1587. Closely allied with the scholar Friedrich Sylburg, be published a
series of fine classical editions before his death in 1597. Ortelius paid him 5
florins in 1595, without specifying the reason for this payment. Commelinus
wrote two letters to Ortelius in 1590 and 1591 (Hessels 179, 203).
Comnenus, Alexius Emanuel, Greek: Ἀλέξιος
Α' Κομνηνός, 1056 – 15 August
1118, was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118, and the founder of the Comnenian
dynasty. Inheriting a collapsing empire and faced with constant warfare during
his reign against both the Seljuk Turks in Asia Minor and the Normans in the
western Balkans, Alexius was able to halt the Byzantine decline and begin the
military, financial, and territorial recovery known as the "Comnenian
restoration". His appeals to Western Europe for help against the Turks
were also the catalyst that triggered the Crusades. He wrote “De
Constitutionibus which is referred to by
Ortelius 15 times as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587) e.g. in lemma SOZOPOLIS and 17 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), where he is
altogether mentioned 24 times as a source.
Complutensis Codex is a 10th
century Latin manuscript of the Old and New Testament. The text, written on
vellum, is a version of the Latin Vulgate Bible. In some parts of the Old
Testament, it presents an Old Latin version. This codex is mentioned as a
source in lemma RAPHAIM of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Conciliorum Opus or Liber
conciliorum is a book listing possibly written by Cyprianus, see lemma MARAZANA
in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). The “Libri conciliorum” are records of the
transactions of the council of the order of the Hospitallers. The council,
presided over by the Grand Master, constituted the government of the Order and
was comprised of two parts: the Ordinary council, which consisted of the
knights residing in the convent, and the Complete Council, which was the
Ordinary Council plus two senior knights. The Ordinary Council decided on
promotions, pensions, and admissions into the Order. The Complete Council was a
tribunal and court of last appeal. The “Libri conciliorum” contain the minutes
of the Council's meetings; they list the subject under discussion, but not
necessarily the details of the discussion or the amounts of money allocated for
its expense. The minutes record the names of knights who appeared before the
council and the outcome of the cases it heard. Many of these cases involve
cargos captured by the Order's fleet. Beginning in the 16th century,
the chancery began copying volumes in the series and creating indexes. These
contemporary finding aids are counted as part of the “Liber conciliorum”. The 186 volumes may be divided into
15 categories of which the first is of importance here: Arch. 73-167: “Liber conciliorum” (95 volumes)
1459-1797, contain the original records of the proceedings and deliberations of
the Council. The “Liber conciliorum” is mentioned as a source in lemmas SEGGERA
and VIVA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). It is altogether mentioned 57 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596), e.g. in lemmas APAMIA and CYCLENSIS
Concilium Alexandrinus see
Alexandria.
Concilium Cartaginensis see Carthago.
Concilium Chalcedonensis, see Calcedonensis.
Concilium Constantinopolitano see Constantinople.
Concilium Eliberitanum see Eliberitanus.
Concilium Galiciæ see Galiciæ
Concilium Magotiensis see Magotiensis
Concilium Nicenensis see Nicene.
Concilium Lugdunensis see Lyon, council of.
Cononius, who died in 687, was a cardinal in Sicily
of Greek descent, consecrated as pope in 686, an office which he only held for
one year. He is mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in
the lemma AEGAEVM MARE.
Conradus or Konrad of Lichtenau or Lichtenavius or
Abbas Urspergensis, whodied in 1240, was the abbot of a monastery in Ursberg,
Bavaria who wrote a chronicle “De Renorum successione”, first printed in
Strasbourg in 1537. He is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synomymia” (1578) and occurs 8 times in this corpus, 7
times in Thesaurus (1587) and 21 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). In the Papal
Index he is censured as a heretic.
Constantinople, Council or Synod,
The first council or synod, which took place in 382 under pope Samasus is referred
to 27 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 10 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596); the third council is 4 times referred to as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587) and twice in “Thesaurus” (1596);the fifth council, which
took place in 553 is referred to 30 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587) and 38 times in “Thesaurus” (1596);
the sixth synod, which took place in 680 is referred to 81 times as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 58 times in “Thesaurus” (1596)
A synod without a number is mentioned once in lemma RANIENSIS of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and 14 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Constantinus Africanus or Constantine
the African,
c. 1020 – 1087, was an 11th-century translator of Greek and Islamic
medical texts. The first of his works of translation from Arabic to Latin was
the “Complete Book of the Medical Art”,
from the “kitab al-malaki (Royal Book) of the 10th-century
Persian physician 'Ali ibn al-'Abbas, in 1087. This text was the first
comprehensive Arabic medical text. Shortly after that, the work came to be
known as the “Pantegni”,
“complete art”. The significance of this text was that it was an important resource
for the student of the transmission of scientific ideas inasmuch as the “Complete Book of the Medical Art”
contains a compilation of 128 known manuscripts. This text also contains a
survey of the 108 known Latin manuscripts of Constantinus Africanus or
Constantine the African. This text rapidly became part of the standard medical
curriculum for students. He is mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596) in the lemma COMÆ and occurs altogether 5 times as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 6 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). In lemma SAMIES
of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius suggests that this author may also be called
Caßius Dionysius. In chapter PANOS of “Deorum Dearum” (1573) Ortelius refers to
Constantinus’ “Geoponicoon” as a source.
Constantinus Magnus Maximus or Constantine the Great
or Constantinus Flavius Valerius Aurelius, Naissus, 27 Februari
ca. 280 - Ancyrona, 22 May 337, was emperor of the East-Roman empire. In July
306 he was acclaimed by his troops as imperator
and Augustus, but only
recognised as such in 308. As a result of his military victories he was to rule
an increasing part of the Roman empire until he was the single ruler of this
empire as Constantine the Great. He is particularly known as the first emperor
who became a Christian which ended persecution of Christians. He is referred to
as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) 4 times, e.g. in CALLISTVS. In the
same work, Ortelius refers to his “Panegyricum” 5 times, and also twice in
lemmas VINDONIS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and OLACHAS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
In the lemmas BOANÆ and GORDATVM of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) reference is made
to his “Selectarum Praeceptionum de agricultura libri
Constantinus Manasses see Manasses, Constantinus.
Constantinus of Lijskirchen, 16th century,
was Senior Councillor of the Cologne Republic.
Mentioned in the cartouche as
the person to which the Deutschlandt map is dedicated, Ort57.
Constantinus, Robert,
flourished mid 16th century, was a teacher of ancient languages in
Geneva who wrote a “Supplement on the Latin Language” (Ort210); also referred
to twice as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), and twice in lemmas
HIBERIA and TARBELLA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Constantinus is mentioned as a
source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and occurs 7
times in its text. Altogether, he occurs as a source 5 times in “Thesaurus”
(1587) and 8 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). He also wrote a “Panegyricus” to
which Ortelius refers as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578). Ortelius bought a
copy from Plantin in 1572 calling this work a “Thesaurus”.
Ort210.23;
Supplement on the Latin
language: Ort213.20.
Constantius, 2nd
c. AD., was the first bishop of Perugia, Italy. He was emprisoned, tortured, martyred
and beheaded in 170 AD by Marcus Aurelius. Ortelius refers to his “Life” as a
source in lemma ICAVNA of his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and to his “Life of saint
Germanus Antissiodorensus” in lemmas MATOGENVS and METODORVM of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and also in lemma ICAVNA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Contarenus, Ambrosius
or Gasparo Contarini, 1483 - 1542, bishop of Belluno, wrote “Persian Journies”
(Ort162) and “Codex”, to which Ortelius refers twice in his “Synonymia” (1578).
In “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he is mentioned as a source 3 times.
Ort167.10;
Persian journies: Ort162.8.
Contestagio,
Hieronymus, died in 1635, from Genoa was Archbishop of Capua, Italy. He wrote
“Dell’ Unione del regno di Portogallo alla corona di Castiglia” Genoa, 1585, translated
into French by Nardin and published in Besançon in 1596, and in Latin,
published in Frankfurt in 1602. It
contains information on the Azores. Ortelius calls this work “History” in the
text on the Açores (Ort24). Conestagius is mentioned as a source in lemma ZILIA
of “Thesaurus” (1596).
History: Ort24.11
Conti, Niccolò de,
1395 – 1469, was a Venetian merchant, traveller and explorer from Chioggia. His
information was used by Fra Mauro.
Ort163.14-15.
Contractus, Hermannus
Augiensis of Reichenau, 1013 – 1054, was a scholar, composer, music theorist,
mathematician, and astronomer. Hermannus was a son of the duke of Altshausen.
He spent most of his life in the abbey of Reichenau, an island on lake
Constance. He was renowned as a musical composer. He also wrote a treatise on
the science of music, several works on geometry and arithmetics and
astronomical treatises including instructions for the construction of an
astrolabe, at the time a very new device in Western Europe. As a historian, he
wrote a detailed “Chronicle” from the birth of Christ to his own present day,
for the first time compiling the events of the 1st millennium AD
scattered in various chronicles in a single work, ordering them after the
reckoning of the Christian era. In the lemmas HEPHAD and ISTROS of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) Contractus’ “Chronicle” is mentioned as a source.
Contractus is mentioned 5 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 8 times
in “Thesaurus” (1596). In lemma LIBIAS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius calls him
an imitator of Eusebius.
Cools see Colius.
Coornhert or Cornhert,
Dirk Volkertszoon, Amsterdam 1522 - Gouda 1590, was a Dutch humanist, author
and engraver who had Filip Galle as his apprentice, and printer. He translated
Latin classical works into Dutch. His main work is “Zedekunst” or “Art of
Living” which was published in 1586. He corresponded with Ortelius (Hessels
75), thanking him for sending engravings by Bruegel and Philips, and
contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (f. 120, 1579).
Cope or op or Copus,
Lucas of Savoye, fl. 2nd half 16th c., was a translator
who contributed 2 pages to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (22 vo), of which one
page was later removed.
Copper plate of Genua
see Æneas Sylvius.
Coppo, Petro, 1469 –
1566, was a Venetian cartographer who mostly lived and worked in Izola, Istria.
He designed a map of Histriæ, Venice, 1515, which was used by Ortelius
(Ort143b). He and his Istria map are included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
the “Theatrum” from 1570 onwards.
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the Histriæ map as its maker, Ort143b.
Copus, Alanus, fl.
late 16th c., was a theologian who published “Dialogi sex contra
summi pontificatus monasticae vitae, sanctorum imaginam, expugnatores et
pseudomartyres”, Plantin 1573, 1578. Ortelius bought a copy of this work from
Plantin in 1589.
Copus, Lucas, late 16th c., was a French author who wrote
“Rabbelex” which was considered gravely impious. He contributed 2 pages to
Ortelius’ “Liber Amicorum” (f.22vo) but
one page of his contribution was later removed.
Coquus, Henricus or Enrique or Hendrik Cock, born in Gorcum, Netherlands,
1550 - 1598, entered the service of Philip II. He wrote itineraries such as
“Relacion del viaje hecho por Felipe II” en
Corbulus, Gnaeus Domitius, c. 7 - 67 AD., was a Roman
general. He committed suicide as ordered by Nero. He wrote a book, now lost, on
Asia which is quoted by Plinius and in turn once by Ortelius in his “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596).
Corck van, Gerard see Van
Cork
Corcquius, Gerardus
Suberimus, born in 1526, was a Flemish lawyer who wrote a letter to Ortelius in
1595 (Hessels 270) relating military and political events in Western Europe.
Corinus see Caranus.
Corio, Bernardino,
1459 - 1519(?) of Milan wrote a “Patria Historia” about this city (Ort125) with
a Latin title, but further in Italian, printed in 1544 and 1565.
Ort126.11, 132.12;
History of Milan: Ort125.8.
Coriolanus Cepio, 1425
– 1493, of Trogir, Dalmatia was the author of a biography of the Venetian military
leader and statesman Pietro Mocenigo, called “De Petri Mocenici Venetæ classis
imperatoris contra Othomannum Turcorum principem rebus gestis, libri tres”,
printed in Venice, 1477. Ortelius refers to this work 3 times as a source in
his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), e.g. in lemma LABEATIS.
Corippus, Flavius
Cresconius Africanus, 6th century AD, wrote “on the glorious king of
great Judah, Salomon” (Ort214), the epic “De bellis Libycis” and “De laudibus
Iustiniani” [In praise of emperor Justinianus], mentioned as a source in lemmas
GARISÆI and IBALIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), and “Itinerarium”, edited by
Busbequius, of which Ortelius bought a copy from Plantin in 1581. Corippus is
referred to as a source twice in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 6 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort209.13, 209.16; Salomon Bk.4
214.32.
Corius see Corio.
Cornelis Antoniades or
Anthoniuszoon, 1507 - c. 1545, was an Amsterdam artist and topographer who made
a map of Oostland or Northern Europe (Ort86a); also referred to as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma BALTICVM, Amsterdam, 1543. He
is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1570 onwards,
and is referred to once as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and once in
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Cornelis Anthoniuszoon is
mentioned in the cartouche of the half sheet Denmark map as its maker, Ort86a.
Cornelis Nepos see
Probus.
Cornelius, Aurelius,
1460 – 1523, from Gouda, Holland, was a humanist and friend of Erasmus. He
wrote “Marias”, a long series of elegiac poems, a “Chronijcke van Hollant,
Zeelant ende van Vrieslandt” or History of Holland (Ort79) which appeared in
1517. He tried to establish the location of “Insula Batavorum”.
History of Holland: Ort79.21.
Cornelius Lucius Balbus, 1st c.
BC., called Minor to distinguish him from his uncle, received the Roman
citizenship at the same time as his uncle. During the civil war, he served
under Julius Caesar, by whom he was entrusted with several important missions.
He also took part in the Alexandrian and Spanish wars. He was rewarded for his
services by being admitted into the college of pontiffs. In 43 BC he was
quaestor to Asinius Pollio in Spain, where he amassed a large fortune by
plundering the inhabitants. Balbus appears to have given some attention to
literature. He wrote a play of which the subject was his visit to Lentulus in
the camp of Pompeius at Dyrrhachium, and, according to Macrobius in his “Saturnalia, iii.
Cornelius Nepos see
Probus.
Cornetus, Petrus, fl.
late 16th c., was a Dutch chart maker from Rotterdam who is
mentioned as a source in lemma ELEVSINA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Cornificius, Quintus, mid-first
century BC., was the Roman author of a work on rhetorical figures, and perhaps
of a general treatise on the art of rhetoric. He is mentioned once as a source
in “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Cornutus, Annæus, 1st
c. AD., was a Roman grammarian who among other works wrote “Vita Persi”,
referred to as a source in lemmas LICINII and PARNASSVS of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and in lemmas BOVILLÆ and VIRBI CLIVI of “Thesaurus”
(1596). Altogether, he is mentioned 3 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587)
and 4 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Corradus, Sebastianus,
fl. mid-16th c., was an Italian author who wrote a biography of
Cicero called “Quæstura”, published in Bologna, 1555. Ortelius refers to
Corradus in his “Synonymia” (1578) three times, e.g. in lemma CYZICVS. In
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he is referred to 3 times as a source in lemmas
CYZICVS, MILETVM and THVRIVM.
Corsali or Corsalis,
Andreas, born in 1487, was an explorer of the sea in the service of king
Emanuel of Portugal. He travelled to the Indies and China in 1516 and recorded
this journey in “De navigatione maris rubri et sinus Persici”. His “Navigatione
in Conchin” was included in Ramusio as well as in Temporal’s “Recueil Tom. II”
Lyon, France 1556. He is mentioned on the mapsheet of Ort166 in connection with
New Guinea. See also Giulia Grazi (2003) “Per Andrea Corsali”, Soc. Tip.
Barbieri, Noccioli & C., Empoli, Italia. Corsali is once mentioned as a
source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1571L),
twice in “Synonymia” (1573L), in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of “Synonymia”
(1578) and twice in its text. In lemmas IABADII and TAPROBANA of “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) Corsali is mentioned as a source.
On mapsheet of Americas
concerning New Guinea which he calls Piccennacola: Ort 9, Ort10, Ort 11,
Ort166;
In text: Ort164.21.
Corsalis see Corsali.
Cort or Curtius,
Cornelis, Hoorn 1533 - Rome 1578, was a talented engraver and painter who first
worked in Antwerp and subsequently went to Venice to work for Titian. He
contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum”, (f. 111).
Cortesius, Ferdinand
or Hernándo Cortéz, 1485 – 1547, was a Spaniard who forcefully conquered Mexico
and wrote down his experiences in 4 books, published by Ramusio. “His treatise
“De insulis noviter inventis” was included in “Novus Orbis” (Ort13) by Simon
Grynæus. He also wrote “Navigationes” (Ort13).
Ort9.31, 10.31, 11.34, 13.11;
Novus Orbis: Ort13.2, 13.18;
Navigations: Ort13.9.
Cortez see Cortesius.
Corvinus, Laurentius
of Novof, 1495 – 1527, Neumark (Novoforensis) near Breslau, philologist and
geographer, wrote “Geographia ostendens omnes regiones terræ habitabiles, diversa
hominum genera” [geography showing all inhabitable regions and its various
people], Basel 1496, published by his student Heinrich Bebel, and reissued in
1557 with the “Geography” of Dominicus Niger. He also wrote geographical poems
such as “De Polonia et Cracovia” and “De Silesie et Novo foro”.
Ort1.36, 2.36, 3.39, 102.4,
102.18, 103.13, 174.5a.
Corvinus, Marcus Valerius Messala, 64 BC – 8 AD, was a Roman
general, author and patron of literature and art. Messala was himself the
author of various works, all of which are lost. They included memoirs of the
civil wars after the death of Caesar, used by Suetonius and Plutarchus and
referred to by Ortelius as “De Progenie Augusti” in “Synonymia” (1578) and
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemmas MEDOACVS and QVIRITIVM, without being
certain of Corvinus’ authorship. Further he wrote bucolic poems in Greek;
translations of Greek speeches, occasional satirical and erotic verses and
essays on the minutiae of grammar. As an orator, he followed Cicero instead of the
Atticising school, but his style was affected and artificial. Later critics
considered him superior to Cicero, and Tiberius adopted him as a model. He is
mentioned once as a source in “Synonymia” (1571L, 1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He is
mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578) and occurs once in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned twice
as a source, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 3 times, e.g. in lemma DARDANIA.
Cosmas of Prague, c. 1045 – October
21, 1125, was a Bohemian priest, writer and historian born in a noble family in
Bohemia. Between 1075 and 1081, he studied in Liège. After his return to
Bohemia, he became a priest and married Božetěcha, with whom he probably
had a son. In 1086 Cosmas was appointed prebendary (canonicus) of Prague, which was quite a prestigious position. As
prebendary he also travelled through Europe on official matters. His main work
is “Chronica Bohemorum”, 12th
century. [Chronicle of Bohemians].
Ortelius bought a copy of this work in 1587 from Plantin.
“Costuymen van Antwerpen”, published
anonymously in 1582, is a city ordinance regulating insurance matters in
Antwerp on the basis of instructions from Philip II. Ortelius bought a copy
from Plantin in 1584.
Cousin see Cognatus
Nozerenus.
Crafft von Craftheim
see Crato.
Craneveldius or Franciscus van Cranevelt, Nijmegen, 3 Februari 3, 1485 -
Mechelen, 8 September 8, 1564, was a Dutch humanist, hellenist and lawyer. In
1515 he became governor of Brugge. In 1522 Charles V appointed him councillor
of Mechelen. He was a close friend of
Erasmus, Thomas More, Adrianus Barlandus and Juan Luis Vives. He wrote “Basilii magni Homiliæ tres. I. De utilitale
capienda ex gentilium auctorum libris. II. De invidia. III. in illud attende
tihi ipsi”, Leuven,
Crantzius or Cranz or
Kranz, Albertus, abt. 1448 – 1517, of Münster and Hamburg wrote “Saxonia”
(Ort80,81,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,99,158). Ortelius also refers to the preface of
this book, written by Cisnerus and used as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578).
It is also mentioned as a source in lemma HILINONICVM of “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596). Further, Crantzius wrote “Metropolis” (Ort85,87,90; also mentioned
as a source in lemma LVITITII of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)), as well as a
“Description of Wandalica” (Ort99,101,154,155,158,160,162); also mentioned 3
times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 3 times in “Thesaurus” (1596)
e.g. in lemmas HEIDEBA and ROXOLANI). He is also mentioned 13 times as a source
in “Synonymia” (1570L), 15 times in “Synonymia” (1571L, 1573L, 1574L, 1575L),
in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of “Synonymia” (1578) and 11 times in its text. In
“Thesaurus” (1587) Crantzius is altogether mentioned 17 times as a source and
in “Thesaurus” (1596) 21 times.
Mentioned on the mapsheets
Ort87B and Ort89B; in texts:
Ort80.12, 80.36, 81.9, 84.5,
84.8, 85.6, 86.6, 87.8, 87.9, 87.12, 87.17, 95.14, 99.2, 100.6, 161.13, 161.17,
161.19, 161.29, 161.68-70, 161.75;
Chronicle of Saxony: Ort80.7,
81.9, 88.7, 89.7, 89.10, 89.15, 90.7, 91.8, 92.2, 93.3, 99.4, Bk.5 Ch.27:
Ort87.2-6, 92.11, 92.15, 92.17, 92.18, 100.6, Bk.6 158.8, 158.15, 158.33;
Metropolis Bk.2, Ch. 13:
Ort85.10, 85.11, Bk.3 , 90.9, 90.10, Bk.5, ch.27: 87.2, 87.6, 87.8, 87.9,
87.12, 87.17;
Wandalica: Ort99.4, 101.6,
101.22, 154.16, 155.16, 162.8, Bk.6: Ort160.17, 160.26-27.
Cranz see Crantzius.
Craterus, 3rd c. BC., was a Macedonian
historian. He was brother of Antigonus II Gonatas and father of Alexander, the
prince of Corinth. He distinguished himself as a diligent compiler of
historical documents relating to the history of Attica. He made a collection of
Attic inscriptions, containing decrees of the people (“psephismaton synagogue”) and out of them he seems to have
constructed a diplomatic history of Athens. This work is frequently referred to
by Harpocration and Stephanus of Byzantium. Craterus is referred to once as a
source in the lemma ERIZENA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Crates Pergamenus (Roman times) is an unidentified
source in Plinius the Elder, quoted once via Plinius as a source in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578), once in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in lemma GYMNETAS. In lemma
SAMARIA of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to his “De Pergamenis vetustis
codibus” as a source.
Cratetes, 4th century
BC., from Thebe threw his riches into the sea in order not to let them corrupt
him. He was commented on by Plutarchus.
Ort224.13.
Cratinus Comicus, 5th
century BC., was a Greek painter who wrote “De Ulyssibus”, quoted by Athenæus
(Ort224).
De Ulyssibus, quoted by
Athenæus: Ort224.32.
Crato, Johannes, Breslau or Wroclaw 1519 – 1585, von Crafftheim,
Silesia, royal physician, was a friend of Ortelius who served under three
emperors, viz. father Ferdinand I, son Maximilian II and nephew Rodolphus II. He wrote about Silesia
(Ort102,103), probably not a formal publication, but a manuscript letter. Next
to that he also wrote letters to Ortelius in 1570, 1575 (twice), 1578, 1579,
1583 (Hessels 30, 57, 58, 79, 90, 127) providing him among other things with
place names in German and Czech occuring in Moravia. He contributed to
Ortelius’ “Liber Amicorum” (ff. 8,11v.12, dated 1574,1583,1584).
Ort104.11, 104.60;
Letter on Silesia: Ort102.7,
102.18, 103.2, 103.13.
Cremer see Mercator.
Cremonensis, Gerardus,
late 15th - early 16th century, from Cremona is mentioned in
dedication form on a woodcut map included in a treatise on astronomy by
Appianus which was published in Nürnberg in 1534.
Ort19.10d, 175.6.
Cresfeldtor Creffeld,
Martinus Carolus, fl. mid-16th c., was born in Hassia and became a
teacher in Deventer. He is reported to have made a map of the IJssel area, including
Deventer around 1565. He and his IJssel map are first included in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” in the “Theatrum” of 1579, but Ortelius did not use this
map.
Criginger see
Crigingerius.
Crigingerius, also
Criginger, Kriegner, Krüger, Ioannes, 1521 – 1571, from Bohemia studied in
Wittemberg, Leipzig and Tübingen and became a teacher in Crimmitschau and
Marienberg. He wrote tragedies, became a priest, and tried to establish links
between theology and geography. He designed maps of Meissen & Thüringen, Prague,
1568, used by Ortelius (Ort93), and he also made a map of Bohemia (Prague,
1568) used by Ortelius (Ort101). He is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
the “Theatrum” from 1570 onwards, with his Misnia and Thuringia map.
Map of Bohemia published in
Prague: Ort93.22, 101.6, 101.10, 101.23.
Crinitus, Petrus or Pietro Crinito, January 9, 1475 – July 5, 1507, was an Italian
Florentine humanist scholar. He is best known for his “De honesta disciplina” of 1504. This has been taken to be a
source for the work of Nostradamus. He is referred to as a source in “Deorum
Dearum” (1573).
Crispinus, Lucius Quintius, second century BC., was a
Roman praetor for Spain.
Ort193.53.
Cromer, Martin or Cromerus, 1512 - 1589, was a Polish
historian and theologian who became a leader of the Polish counter-reformation,
and who was appointed bishop of Ermeland in 1579. He wrote two works about
Poland: “Chronicon de origine et rebus gestis Polonorum”, Basel, 1555, Cologne,
1589 of which Ortelius bought a copy from Plantin in 1578
(Ort88,101,152,153,154,155,156,157,158) and “Polonia sive de situ, populis
moribus … Poloniæ”, Basel. Cromer is mentioned 5 times as a source in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L), is included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia (1578) and occurs 4 times in its text. In “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) he is mentioned as a source 7 times.
Ort145.6, 154.4, 155.4;
Polish Matters and History:
Ort154.4, 154.16, 155.16, 156.2, 156.9, 157.2, 157.9, 157.23, 158.19, 158.35,
Bk.1: Ort101.6, 101.22, Bk.3: Ort88.12, Bk.12: Ort152.7, 153.7.
Cromerus see Cromer.
Cruquius or Crugius or
Cruyck, Jacobus, Messines in Flanders 1520 - Brugge 1584, studied law and
philology in Leuven and taught classical languages in Brugge. He published many
classical manuscripts, notably by Horatius and was a friend of Ortelius. He is
mentioned as a source in lemmas AVLON, BARIVM, ESSENI, EVONIMVS, FABRICIVS,
FERENTA, FERENTINVM, FERONIA, LAVERNIVM and PETRINVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) as
editor of Horatius. Cruquius also quotes from manuscripts, as in lemma BATINA
of “Thesaurus” (1596). Altogether, Cruquius is mentioned 19 times as a source
in “Thesaurus” (1596). Ortelius bought one of his Horatius publications from
Plantin in 1574, and again in 1590. Cruquius contributed to Ortelius’ “Album
Amicorum”, (f. 40, undated).
Cruserius, Hermannus
or Herman Croeser, mid 16th c., was born in Belgium and studied
Greek, philosophy and medicine. He edited Plutarchus (1564) and wrote
“Turcograecia” of which Ortelius bought a copy in 1584 from Plantin. Cruserius
is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578) and occurs twice in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he is mentioned
twice as a source.
Crusius, Martin, 16th
c., was a German scholar of Tübingen who wrote “Elementorum Rhetorices”, Basel,
1574. He is mentioned once as a source in lemma TZVRVLVM of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Ctesias, late 5th
century BC., of Knidos, Greece, was the physician of king Artaxerxes II. He
wrote “Indika” (Indica) and a Persian history called “Persika” (Persica) in which
he criticises Herodotus, although his own credibility is not much higher.
Ortelius refers to this work once as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587). He is
referred to as a source 5 times in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 20 times in
“Thesaurus” (1587). In lemma ALPHION of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ctesias is quoted
as a source via Antigonus. Further,
Ctesias is mentioned as a source in lemma SIDEN of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) via
Plinius and in lemma SIGINNVS of “Thesaurus” (1596) via Stephanus Byzantinus.
Ctesias “Indica” is mentioned as a source in lemma BALLADE of “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) and his “Perigesaeos” in lemma COSYTE of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Altogether, he is mentioned 29 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort217.5, 217.26.
Cuiacius or Cujacius,
Jacobus or Jacques de Cujas,
1520 – 4 October 1590, was a French legal expert. He was prominent among the
French legal humanists or “mos
gallicus” school, which sought to abandon the work of the medieval
commentators and concentrate on ascertaining the correct text and social
context of the original works of Roman law. His emendations, of which a large
number were published under the title of “Animadversiones et observations”, were not confined to lawbooks,
but extended to many of the Latin and Greek classical authors. He is mentioned
as a source in lemmas OPHENSIS, SVCCINIENSE and SYRIA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Curchino, Antonio see
Haitho.
Curæus or Curius,
Joachim, 1532 – 1573, was a physicist of Glogau, who wrote a Silesian Chronicle
“Gentis Silesiæ annales” (Ort102,103), Wirtenberg, 1571. He had access to
unpublished work by Duglossus and reported on this work (Ort154,155). In a 1579
Latin copy of the Theatrum in the Vatican Library, Curaeus is censured as a
heretic. Curæus is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and occurs 7 times in its text. In “Thesaurus”
(1587) he is mentioned 9 times as a source and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 10 times.
Ort93.11, 158.7;
Chronicle on Silesia : 102.19, 103.15;
Quoting Iohannes Duglossus:
Ort154.17, 155.17.
Curio, Cælius
Augustinus Secundus, 1538 – 1567, was an Italian who taught eloquence at Basel
University. He published works by Bembo and Pierio Valerio and wrote a Saracen
history: “Saracenicæ historiæ libri tres, ab eorum origine ad initium imperii
Ottomanici” (Ort163,167,177) Basel,
1567, 1568, Frankfurt, 1596. Also: “Wars on Malta” (Ort141) and “Descriptio
Marrochensis Regni” [About the Kingdom of Morocco] (Ort176); this work is also
referred to as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and in “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596) in lemma SALA. In a 1579 Latin copy of the Theatrum in the Vatican
Library, Curio is censured as a heretic. Curio is mentioned 39 times as a source
in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L, 1571L, 1573L, 1574L, 1575L), in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of his
“Synonymia” (1578), and 13 times in its text. Curio is mentioned 15 times as a
source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 16 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Saracen History: Ort163.8,
167.5, 177.13;
Wars on Malta: Ort141.12;
About the Kingdom of Marocco:
Ort176.11.
Curius Joachim see
Curæus.
Curopalates, Ioannes Scylitzes, fl. 11th c., was a Greek contemporary
of Cedrenus. He wrote “Annales” covering history as far as 1081. He was edited
and published by Baptist Gabius, as is clear from lemma THERMITZA of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Curoplates’ “Officialibus Constantinopolitanis” is
mentioned as a source in lemmas BRYSIS, CAVCACI, CHALCEDON, CYPRVS,
DRAGOVINTIA, DRAMA, GALITZA, GERDICA, IVSTINIANA, LITBADA and ZECHIS of
“Thesaurus” (1596) as edited by Codinus. Curopalates is mentioned as a source
in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and occurs 10 times
in its text. In Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 230 times as a
source. In “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to Curopalates altogether 287 times.
Curtius, Cornelis see Cort.
Curtius Rufus Quintus see Rufus Quintus Curtius
Cusanus or Cryffts,
Nicolaus, 1410 – 1464, was a German-born universal scholar who drew a
manuscript map of Central Europe around 1460, which was published in various
forms in the late 15th century. He and his Germany map are mentioned
in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1570 onwards via Althamer,
but Ortelius did not use his map.
Cuspinianus, or
Cuspinian , Johannes or Hans Spiesshaymer , 1473 – 1529, was a professor,
physician and historian in Vienna. He published and commented on the works by
Dionysius Apher, and also on works by Florus. He wrote “Oratio Protreptica”
(Ort150,153) and a “Description of Austria” (Ort116,150) published in 1553 and
referred to as a soure in lemmas CLAVDIVIVM and SEMPRONIVM of “Thesaurus”
(1596). He was co-editor of the Hungary map by Lazarus Secretarius. He is
quoted by Collimitus (Ort114). Ortelius included him in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1570 onwards mentioning his Hungaria map,
edited by Petrus Apianus and mentioned by Lazius in his Hungary map.
Cuspinianus edited Ammianus Marcellinus, as stated in lemma HERMOPOLIS of
“Thesaurus” (1596). In the lemmas DARDANIA and HÆMVS of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596), Cuspinianus is mentioned as a source. Altogether, he is mentioned 8
times in this “Thesaurus” (1587) and 16 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort105.7, 105.14, 106.7, 106.14, 112.9, 168.8, 169.8;
Oratio Protreptica: Ort150.13,
153.8.
History of Austria: Ort116.2,
150.13;
Quoted by Collimitius: Ort114.4;
Cyprianus, Thascius Cæcilius,
church father and saint, 200 – 258, wrote numerous works which much later were
published collectively as “Opera”, Stuttgart, 1486. He was converted to
Christianity as an adult in 246 and became bishop of Carthago two years later.
He survived the Decian persecutions of 250/251 by retreating from Carthago and
ruling his flock by letter, but was beheaded in 258 during another round of
persecutions of Christians for refusing to sacrifice to Roman gods. He occurs
once as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578). In Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587), Cyprianus’ work “Historia de revelatione capitis St. Ioannis” is
mentioned 3 times; it is also mentioned as a source in lemmas ALNIENSIS,
ENGERIACVM, MATHEVALLIS and VVLTONNA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). His “Letters” and his dealings with the council of Carthago
are mentioned frequently as sources. In lemma SALARIA of “Thesaurus” (1587),
Ortelius refers to his “Passio” via Surius. In lemma SALARIA of “Thesaurus”
(1596), Cyprianus’ “Vita” was described by Pontius. According to Ortelius in
lemma MAPALIA of his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), he was buried in Mapalia. In
lemma MARAZANA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he is described as the author of
“Conciliorum Opus”, see also there. He guided a council of Carthago, as reported
in lemma SVFFETVLA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Altogether, he is mentioned 62
times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 58 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). In
the preface of “Deorum Dearum” Cyprianus is mentioned also as a source.
Ort209.3.
Cyriacus Appianus
Anconitanus, 15th century, of Ancona, Italy travelled in Europe and
parts of Africa and Asia and reported about his travels. He wrote “Epistolæ ad
Ioannem Palæologum Byzantinum imperatorem et alios”, probably referred to by
Ortelius as “Inscriptions” (Ort31). Cyriacus is mentioned as a source 4 times
in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1571L, 1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He is included as a
source in Ortelius’ “Catalogus Auctorum” of “Synonymia” (1578) and occurs 3
times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 4 times as a source
and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 5 times.
Inscriptions: Ort31.8, 31.9.
Cyriacus Spangeberg
see Spangeberg, Cyriacus.
Cyrillus, 827 Thessalonica - 869 Rome, inventor of
Cyrillic script, was a brother of saint Methodius. Born to the Greek nobility,
his family was connected with the senate of Thessalonica, and his mother Maria
may have been Slavonic. He studied at the university of Constantinople, and
taught philosophy there. He was a deacon, priest and librarian at the church of
Santa Sophia. As a monk, he assumed the name the name Cyril. He is mentioned as
a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and occurs
once in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he is once mentioned as a source.
Cytinus, Chius, 1324 –
1398, or Demetrios Kydones was a Greek humanist and theologian who wrote
letters and reported about resistance against the Turks. He also translated
theological writings. He is quoted by Apollonius (Ort191,192).
Quoted by Apollonius: Ort191.14,
192.77.
Dalechampius, see
Dalèchamps.
Dalèchamps or
Dalechampius, Jacques, 1513 – 1588, was a French author who published and
commented on “Historia Naturalis” by Plinius Caius Secundus as “Notes sur
l’histoire naturelle de Pline”. Ortelius bought a copy of this work from Plantin
in 1587. He also quotes Athenæus (Ort196), whose work he also edited, as
appears from lemma THERADVM in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Dalechampius
quotes Athenaeus in lemma CAVARÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596). His “Magnum Herbarium”
is mentioned as a source in lemmas SEBVSIANI and VIDVGASSES of “Thesaurus”
(1596) as “attributed to Dalechampius”. Dalechampius quotes from a manuscript
in lemma TONDEROS of “Thesaurus” (1596). He is altogether mentioned as a source
once in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 49 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort203.34, 214.5, 222.11;
Based on Athenæus: Ort196.28.
Dalechampus see
Dalèchamps.
Damascensis see
Damascenus.
Damascenus, Ioannes, Saint, 7th c., was the author of “De
Fide Orthodoxa”. He is mentioned as a source in the lemmas AUXENTIVS and in
lemma SILEI mentioning his “Vita Stephani Iunioris” as a source in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), and in lemma ZICCHIA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Altogether he is mentioned 4 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 5
times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Damascenus, Mnaseas or Manasseas, first century BC, was a writer and
historian of Damascus who wrote mythological tales. Later, he fled to Persia.
He is quoted by Josephus (Ort183) and by Strabo (Ort232). He is mentioned as a
source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) but does not
occur in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he is mentioned once as a source.
Quoted by Iosephus: Ort183.4;
Quoted by Strabo: Ort232.25.
Damascenus, Nicolaus, Greek: Νικόλαος
Δαμασκηνός, born about
64 BC., was a Greek historian and philosopher. His name is derived from that of
his birthplace, Damascus. He was an intimate friend of Herodus the Great, whom
he survived by a number of years. He was also the tutor of the children of
Antony and Cleopatra, born around 40 BC., according to Sophronius. He went to
Rome with Herodus Archelaus. His output was vast, but nearly all of it has been
lost. His chief work was a universal history in 144 books. He also wrote an
autobiography, a life of Augustus, a life of Herodus, some philosophical works,
and some tragedies and comedies. Ortelius refers to him as a source via
Josephus in his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemmas ABRAHAMI and GORDIÆVS.
Altogether he is mentioned 4 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 6
times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Damasus I, Saint, was pope from 366 to
384. He was born around 305 near the city of Idanha-a-Velha in Lusitania, in
what is present-day Portugal. His life
coincided with the rise of Constantinus I and the reunion and redivision of the
Western and Eastern Roman Empires as well as what is sometimes known as the
Constantinian shift, associated with the widespread legitimization of
Christianity and the later adoption of Christianity as the religion of the
Roman state. Ortelius refers 5 times to his “Vita Silvestri papae” in
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 4 times in “Thesaurus” (1596)), once to his “Julius” in
“Thesaurus” (1587) and once to his “Pontiano Papa” in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
He is altogether mentioned 9 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 11
times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Damianus à Goes see
Goes, Damian.
Damianus, Petrus or San Pierre Damiani
or Pier di Damiano or Pietro Damiani , Ravenna, 1007 –
Faenza, 1072, was an Italian theologian, bishop and cardinal. He wrote “Life of
Saint Romualdus, to which Ortelius refers once as a source in his “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) in the lemma CANDILIANVS.
Damman, Adrien, lord
of Bijsterveld, born in Lemberg near Gent 1540 – died 1604 or later. He was a
humanist professor who taught in Gent, Leiden and later eloquence and history
in Edinburgh, Scotland, where he embraced Calvinism. He wrote Latin poetry, and
contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (ff. 64v. 65, undated).
Danaeus or Daneau,
Lambert, 1530 – 1595, was a French theologist who studied in Orleans and Paris.
As a protestant, he fled to Geneva and studied there under Calvin. Later, he
was a professor and protestant theologist in Belgium and the Netherlands. He
wrote “Ethices Christianae”, Geneva, 1577, and “Opuscula omnis theological” ,
Geneva, 1583. Ortelius refers to his “Geographia Poetica”, Geneva, 1587, in
lemma OLMIVS of his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Danielis, Greek: Δανιηλίς, fl. 9th
century AD., was a widowed Byzantine noblewoman from Patras. According to the
written tradition, continuing in the tradition of Theophanes, she was an
extremely wealthy landowner, owning a significant part of the Peloponnesos, as
well as a flourishing carpet- and textile-industry. Ortelius refers to her once
once as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578, 1596) in the lemma EVLÆVS.
Danius, Eldadus see
Eldadus.
Dante or Danti,
Egnazio or Aligerius, Perugia 1536 – Alatri 1586, was an Italian astronomer,
map maker, instrument maker and monk of Perugia. He made maps of Perugia, Rome,
1580, and Orvieto, Rome, 1583. He is included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
the “Theatrum” from 1592 onwards, and is mentioned in the cartouche of the
Perugia map (Ort136) as its maker. His Orvieto map was not used by Ortelius. He
is mentioned once as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596). He wrote Ortelius in 1580
(Hessels 100) describing his project “Galleria delle Carte Geographiche”,
commissioned by pope Gregory XIII and written between 1577 and 1583.
Daretus see Phrygius.
Dathus, Augustinus,
1420 – 1478, was an author of Siena, Italy who among other works wrote
“Libellus super Tullanis elegantiis”, St. Albans, 1479. Ortelius refers once to
Dathus via Æneas Sylvius as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578) and once to his
“Interpretation of pope Pius II”, also in lemma CORSINIANVM of “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596). In Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he is mentioned once as a source.
d’Austrice, George,
fl. late 16th c., was a humanist in the service of the son of Albert
of Austria in Spain. He wrote a letter to Ortelius in 1595 (Hessels 273).
David, 14th
century, further unidentified, wrote a letter to Pope Clement VII (Ort175).
Letter to Pope Clement the
Seventh: Ort175.10.
David Chytræus see
Chytræus, David.
De Buisine, Philippe, fl. 16th c., was a Frenchman and theologist
who wrote “Decretalium de baptismo” to which Ortelius refers once in the lemma
ABLASENSIS of his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) without mentioning its author.
De Çayas, Gabriel, fl. 2nd half 16th c., was the
secretary of Philips II from 1563 onwards. He corresponded frequently with
Plantin and wrote to Ortelius in 1574 to thank him for the coloured copy of the
“Theatrum” (Hessels 52) which Ortelius sent to Philip II.
Decius, Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus, 190/200 – 251, was a Roman
emperor from 249 to his death in 251.
Ort203.5
Decius, Justus
Ludovicus, Wissembourg, 1485 – 1545, was the son of the mayor of Wissembourg,
France. At the age of 15 he started to travel to Moravia, Tirol and Hungary,
and became a banker and diplomat. He corresponded with Erasmus, acquired
titles, wrote about the wedding of Sigismund I and Bona. Cracow 1518, and
edited Michow’s “Chronica Polonorum”, Cracow, 1521. Ortelius refers to him as a
source 6 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 9 times in “Thesaurus” (1596),
e.g. in lemma VESERIS.
De Carondelet or
Carondeletius, Jacobus III, ?-1606, was a Belgian member of the Burgundian
family De Carondelet. His father was advisor to Charles V. He was a friend of
Ortelius and the Antwerp bishop Torrentius, chancellor of Liège and wrote letters
to Ortelius in 1594 and 1596 (Hessels 255,293). He is mentioned as a source in
lemma VEROMANDVI of “Thesaurus” (1596).
De Coronado, Francisco
Vazquez, 1510 - 1554, of Salamanca, Spain, was one of the first to explore the
North American interior. After his death, a journal relating his 1540
expedition in Mexico was published.
Ort11.40.
“Decreta Distincta” or “Compilatio decretorum & canonum Sacrosancti
oecumenici & generalis Tridentini Co[n]cilij : in sex libros iuxta
materiarum affinitatem distincta” or “Decretalibus”, Venice, 1566, is a work
originally written by Paulus Diaconus, but published and edited by Antonius
Philoteus. Neither of these are mentioned in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587),
where reference to this work is made 14 times or in “Thesaurus” (1596) where it
occurs 22 times. See also Paulus Diaconus.
De Dene, Eduard, 1505
– 1578, was a Flemish author who wrote “De warachtighe Fabulen der Dieren”
published in Brugge,
Dee, John, London 1527 – Mortlake 1608, was an English mathematician,
astrologer, and magician who travelled all over Europe and who frequented the
courts of Elizabeth and Rodolphus II. He had a rich library and edited 79 books
on a variety of subjects. He wrote a letter to Ortelius in 1577 (Hessels 67).
He is quoted once as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and once in
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596). He visited Ortelius around 1575 and inspected his
library. He contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (f.89, 1577).
“De expedita
Hollandiae, Zelandiae et ditionis Ultrajectum” was an anonymous work published
in Luxemburg in 1591. Ortelius bought a copy from Plantin in the same year.
De Gama, Vasco see
Gama.
De Gomara, Francisco
Lopez, 1510 - after 1557, entered the service of Hernando Cortes and joined him
to Algeria. He obtained information from Cortes about his travels to America and
recorded this in “Hispania Victrix”, Saragoza
Ort11.47.
De Grassis, Petrus,
fl. end 16th c., was an Italian friend of Lheureux who wrote a
letter from Rome to Ortelius in 1596 (Hessels 289).
De Heere, Lucas, Gent
1534 - Paris 1584, was a Dutch painter, art historian, collector of objects of
nature and a poet. He contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum”, (f. 29),
Antwerp, July 6, 1580.
De la Planche, Adam,
fl. late 16th century,of Paris corresponded with Ortelius in 1595
about his gift to Ortelius, viz. the
Isle de France map (Hessels nr. 279) and he contributed to Ortelius’ “Album
Amicorum” (f. 110 v).
De la Planche,
Jacques, 16th century, was a humanist and librarian in Brugge. His
poems in Latin and Greek were published by Goltzius. He contributed to
Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum”(f.41).
De Ligne, Karel, see
Arenberg.
De Limitibus see Liber
de limitibus.
Del Campo see Ocampo.
Delft or Dilft, Eduard
van der, late 16th century, “inside” burgomaster of Antwerp from
1589 to 1595 is one of the persons to whom Ortelius dedicated his map of
Ancient France, (Ort196).
Delgadus, Iacobus or
Iacobo Delgado (unidentified) is a Spanish author and saint who is mentioned as
a source in lemma AD SORORES of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1596). In lemmas BADIA
and PLAGIARIA of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to a letter written by
Delgadus to Arias Montanus, who benevolently gave Ortelius access to a copy of
this letter. In lemmas CETOBRICA, LACOBRIGA, LYCON and MANTVA of “Thesaurus”
(1596) Ortelius refers to a manuscript or to a letter written to him by
Delgadus. Altogether Delgadus is mentioned 14 times as a source in “Thesaurus”
(1596)
Delphini, Ioannes,
late 16th century, a cardinal from the bishopric of Vicenza, is
mentioned in the cartouche of the Bologna map (Ort124) as the person to whom
this map is dedicated.
Delrio, Martinus
Antonius or Martin Antonio del Rio, 1551 – 1608, was born in Antwerp from
Spanish parents. He wrote among other works “Disquisitorum Magicarum Libri
Sex”, [Six books with magical investigations], Leuven, 1599. He was appointed
Vice-Chancellor of Brabant. He went to Spain to join the Jesuits but returned
to Belgium. He was a friend of Lipsius and is mentioned as a source in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and once in its text. In
“Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned as a source in lemma MARE RVBRVM and occurs
as a source altogether 10 times. In lemmas COTTONA, MARA RVBRVM, POSIDONIVM,
TRIPOLIS, where he quotes Isidorus, and twice in ZEDACES of “Thesaurus” (1596)
Delrio is mentioned as a source. Altogether he is mentioned as a source 9 times
in “Thesaurus” (1596). In chapter GENII of “Deorum Dearum” (1573) he is also
mentioned as a source.
De Maulde, François
see Modius.
De Meetkercke, Adolph
see Mekerchius.
De Meyere, Leon see
Meyere, Leon de.
Demetrius see Van
Meteren, Emanuel.
Demetrius of Phalerum or Phalereus, 350 BC to 283 BC,
was the last among the Attic orators worthy of the name, after which
this activity declined. His orations were characterised as being soft,
graceful, and elegant, rather than sublime like those of Demosthenes. His
numerous writings, the greater part of which he probably composed during his
residence in Egypt, embraced a wide range of subjects, and the list of them
given by Diogenes Laërtius shows that he was a man of the most extensive
qualities. These works, which were partly historical, partly political, partly
philosophical, and partly poetical, have all perished. The work “On Style” (Greek: περὶ ἑρμηνείας) which has come down
under his name, is the work of a later writer, c. 2nd century AD.
According to Strabo, Demetrius inspired the creation of the Mouseion, better
known as the library of Alexandria, which was modeled after the arrangement of
Aristotle's school. He is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) as a source via Strabo, and occurs twice in its text. In
“Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned as a source 3 times, and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) 4 times, e.g. in lemmas DIOSPOLIS and PRONÆ.
Democritus, Greek: Δημόκριτος, "chosen of the
people", ca. 460 BC – ca. 370 BC, was an ancient Greek philosopher born in
Abdera in the North of Greece. He was the most prolific, and
ultimately the most influential, of the pre-Socratic philosophers; his atomic
theory may be regarded as the culmination of early Greek thought. He is
mentioned once in Ortelius’ “Antiqua Regionum” (= “Synonymia”) (1570L) and once
in lemma NEVRI of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Demontiosus, Ludovicus
or Louis, 16th c., was a French author who wrote “Gallus Romae
hospes”, published in 5 books by Osmarinus in Rome in 1585, dealing with old
monuments. Ortelius possessed a copy (Hessels 310)
Demosthenes, c. 385 -
322 BC, was the greatest of the Athenian orators. Demosthenes was studied by
Cicero, and Quintilianus exhorted students of rhetoric not only to study his
speeches, but to commit them to memory. His works were printed in Venice, 1504,
and in Greek with comments in Latin by Erasmus, Budé and others in
Ort226.7.
Deodatus or Dié, Didier, Dieudonné, Déodat, Adéodat
of Nevers, France, died June 19,
679 AD, was a bishop of Nevers from 655 who was later sanctified. Ortelius
refers to his anonymous “Vita” as a source in his “Theatrum” (1587,1596).
De Paepe, André see Papius.
De Poldo
Albenas or Albenatus, Jean or Joannes Poldus, 1512 – 1563, from Nîmes, France,
wrote about his native city in “Discours historial de l’antique et illustré
cité de Nismes” [historical discourse of the antiquities of the illustrious
city of Nîmes] (Ort48), Lyon 1560. Ortelius owned a copy of this work, which De
Poldo signed. Ortelius bought three copies of this work from Plantin in 1574
and another copy in 1583. Poldo is mentioned 134 times as a source in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1570L), 135 times in “Synonymia” (1571L, 1573L, 1574L, 1575L),
sometimes referring to his history of Nimes, in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and he occurs 60 times in its text. In “Thesaurus”
(1587) he is altogether mentioned 60 times as a source and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) 63 times.
Ort49.3, 49.12, 49.13, 49.22,
196.15;
Book on Nimes: Ort48.4, 48.16.
De Reijcke, Iodocus (16th century) from Mechelen, Belgium, a
Franciscan, went to a monastery in Quito, Peru, and provided Ortelius with letters
describing Peru. He wrote “Letters to the Guardian of the Franciscans” and
“Letters to the Flemish Friars” (Ort15).
Letters to the Guardian of the
Franciscans & Letters to the Flemish Friars: Ort15.17-15.19.
De Ribadeneyra, Pedro,
fl. late 16th c., was a Portuguese author who wrote “Vita Ignatij”,
printed by David Sartorium in Ingolstad in 1584. Ortelius bought a copy of this
work from Plantin in 1590.
De Schrijver,
Alexander or Grapheus or Scribonius, Antwerp 1519 – Antwerp 1585, son of
Cornelius, was a philologist, historian,
poet, painter and musician and secretary of the city of Antwerp, where he was
visited by Charles V and Dürer. He is by some considered as a heretic. He wrote
“Origines Antverpiensis” which Ortelius bought from Plantin in 1568. He also
wrote “Spectaculorum in susceptione Philippi Hisp. Princ. Antverpiæ æditorum
apparatus”, of which Ortelius sent a copy to Jacob Monau (Hessels 106).
Grapheus is mentioned once as a source
in “Thesaurus” (1596). He was a friend of Ortelius, wrote him 3 letters viz. in
1577, 1579 (twice) (Hessels 69, 80, 83) and contributed to his “Album Amicorum”
(1577/1578, ff. 90-92), noting that he received it as an unknown parcel
(Hessels 69).
De Schrijver,
Cornelius or Grapheus or Scribonius, Aalst 1482- Antwerpen 1558, father of
Alexander, was a philologist, historian, poet, painter, musician, and secretary
of the city of Antwerp. He contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum”, (f.35).
Desiderius, 8th
c., was a Lombardian king who was murdered at the order of Charlemagne.
Desiderius proclaimed an edict or decision, referred to by Ortelius as a source
in lemmas ASSIVM, BVLSINVS, CORNIETVM, CORTNOSSA, FORANVM, GEMINIANVM,
ORCHIANVM, OROPITVM, PHOCENSIS, RADACOPHANVM, SERGIANVM, TVSCANIENSIS, VICVS
and VITERBVM of “Thesaurus” (1596).
De Smet, Bonaventura
see Vulcanius.
De Suys, Jacques see
Suys.
Deutecum, van see Van
Deutecum.
Deventer, Jacob see
Van Deventer, Jacob van.
De Villers or
Villerius, Dionysius, Doornik 1546 – Doornik 1620, was a French historian, and humanist,
friend of Philip and Theodore Galle, Lipsius and Ortelius. He wrote letters to
Ortelius in 1591 and 1592 (Hessels 202, 215). In lemma ONIENSIVM of “Thesaurus”
(1596), he is mentioned as a source and called “my friend” by Ortelius.
De Villiers, Pierre,
Lille 1530 – Middelburg 1590, was a French Calvinist who became preacher in the
court of William of Orange. After Jean Jaureguy’s attempt to murder William, de
Villiers wrote “Discours sur la blessure” of which Ortelius bought three copies
from Plantin in 1582.
De Vriendt,
Maximilian, Zandenburg 1559 - Ghent 1614, studied in Leuven and Paris, and
travelled to Italy. He replaced his father as secretary of the city of Ghent,
and was banned during civil war. He published numerous poems in Latin and contributed
to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (ff. 39, 39 v°, undated).
De Vrise, Nicolaus,
fl. late 16th c., of Middelburg in Zeeland studied law in Douai,
Northern France. His Album Amicorum has been preserved. He was a friend of
Johannes Lheureux, and Philip and Hieronymus van Winghe. He wrote a letter to
Ortelius in 1594 (Hessels 257).
Dexippus Publius Herennius, Greek: Δέξιππος, ca. 210 – 273 AD,
was a Greek historian, statesman and general, and an hereditary priest of the
Eleusinian family in Athens. Photius mentions three historical works by Dexippus, of which considerable
fragments remain: “The Events after
Alexander”, apparently an epitome of a work by Arrianus. Dexippus also
wrote “Scythica”, a history of
the wars of Rome with the Goths in the 3rd century. and “Chronike Historia” in twelve books,
probably covering a thousand years to the reign of the emperor Claudius
Gothicus (270). In the lemma HISTRICA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596))
and in lemma HERVLI of “Thesaurus” (1596), he is referred to as a source.
Diaconus Paulus see
Paulus Diaconus.
Diaconus, Petrus or Peter the Deacon or Pierre le Diacre, 12th c.,
was an Italian who became the librarian of the abbey of Montecassino and
continuator of the “Chronicon
Monasterii Casinensis”. This chronicle was originally written by Leo of
Ostia. According to Chalandon, Peter the Deacon is a poor historian and writer,
much inferior to Leo. A descendant of the Counts of Tusculum, he entered the
monastery of Monte Cassino in 1115. About 1127 he was forced to leave the abbey
and retired to the neighbouring Atina, seemingly because he was an adherent of
abbot Orderisius. In 1137 he was allowed to return to Monte Cassino. That same
year he appeared before emperor Lothair II, then in Italy, on behalf of his
monastery. At Monte Cassino Peter became librarian and keeper of the archives,
of which he compiled a register. Besides continuing the chronicle of Monte
Cassino by Leo Marsicanus (or Ostiensis) from 1075 to 1138, he wrote several
historical works: "De viris illustribus Casinensibus" (mentioned as a
source in lemma ARBACE and CORIOLLA of “Thesaurus” (1596) viz: "De ortu et
obitu justorum Casinensium"; "De Locis sanctis"; Disciplina
Casinensis"; and "Rhythmus de novissimis diebus". He is referred
to as a source once in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and in “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) in the lemma TAVRICA.
Dicaearchus of Messana, Greek: Δικαίαρχος, also written Dicearchus, Dicearch, Diceärchus,
or Diceärch, c. 350 – c. 285 BC, was a Greek philosopher,
cartographer, geographer, mathematician and author. He was Aristotle's student.
Very little of his work has survived. He wrote on the history and geography of
Greece, of which his most important work was his “Life of Greece”. He made important contributions to the field of
cartography, where he was among the first to use geographical coordinates. He
also wrote books on philosophy and politics. He is mentioned as a source in
lemmas ANTHEDON and CHALCIS of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1596), where he is
altogether mentioned 17 times as a source.
Dichiocus, Louis or Aloysius. fl. 2nd half
of 16th c., of Valence on the Po was an Italian humanist who
contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (f. 26 v., 6.12.1596).
Dictys Cretensis, 10th
century BC, of Cnossos, Crete, was the mythical companion of Idomeneus during
the Trojan war, and author of a diary of events. This manuscript in Phoenician
script is supposed to have been found, protected by a leaden box, after an
earthquake in Nero’s time. It was translated into Latin as “Historia Troiana”
by Lucius Septimius in the fourth century AD. It was first printed in 1498. The
siege of Troy was one of the greatest subjects for medieval story-tellers, who
drew prophecies from and parallels between the history of the Troyan war and
events of their own day. Dictys is quoted by Timæus. Ortelius refers four times
to this author as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578), 19 times in “Thesaurus”
(1587) and 20 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort224.3, 224.26;
Bk.6: Ort224.30.
Diego de Torres see
Torres Diego de.
Diego Fernandez de
Palencia see Fernandez Diego.
Diego Homem see Homem,
Diego.
Diegus Godoyus see
Godoyus Diegus.
Diegus Torresius, also
Diegus de Turribus see Torres, Diego de.
Dieve see Divaeus.
“Digestæ Liber” see
Giustiniano.
“Digests of Law” see
Giustiniano.
“Dignitatum Libellulus” see “Notitia Dignitatum”
Dinarchus, 4th
c. BC, was a Greek orator who wrote “Oratio contra Demosthenes”, published in
1566. It is mentioned as a source in lemma PHORMISIVM of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Dinner, Conrad, 16th
c., was a German author who wrote “Epitheta Deorum”, referred to 3 times by
Ortelius as a source in his “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Diodorus Siculus,
flourished about 60 - 30 BC, from Sicily wrote a popularising encyclopedic
history “Biblioqhkh” in 40 books of
which 15 have survived (Ort1,2,3,8), covering the earliest history of the East
to Cæsar’s time. Ortelius bought a copy of this work from Plantin in Latin and
French in 1580. The French copy was printed in
Diodorus is mentioned once on
map sheet Ort191, once on Ort192, three times on map sheet Ort210, once on
mapsheet Ort213, once on map sheet Ort217, once on Ort224; further in map
texts:
Ort8.14, 16.26, 16.28, 16.32,
16.38, 16.41, 16.45, 16.52, 16.54, 22.3, 25.8, 141.2, 166.8, 174.18, 182.25,
182.28, 183.25, 189.7, 190.2, 190.4, 190.6, 190.12, 190.15, 190.18, 190.24,
190.26, 190.30, 190.35, 190.37, 190.41, 190.47, 190.50, 190.55, 190.65, 190.68,
191.9, 191.10, 192.4, 192.9, 192.11, 192.15, 192.21, 192.25, 192.31, 192.42,
192.47, 192.71, 192.72, 192.87, 193.16-19, 193.21, 193.24, 193.30, 193.50,
193.51, 193.54, 194.5, 194.6, 194.8, 194.16, 194.17, 194.29, 194.31, 196.12,
196.16, 196.40, 196.42, 196.46, 196.49, 196.63, 196.65-71, 196.75 196.76,
196.81, 196.82, 196.84-86, 196.88, 196.97, 196.108, 196.9, 196.113, 196.115,
196.116, 207.6, 207.9, 207.10, 208.7, 208.9, 208.11, 209.16, 211.4, 211.7-8,
216.14, 216.18, 216.21, 217.2, 217.6, 217.8, 218.3, 219.9, 219.11, 219.14,
219.16, 219.18, 220.2, 220.9, 221.13, 221.15, 221.17, 221.18, 221.21, 221.23,
221.32, 221.33, 221.41, 222.3, 222.8-10, 222.13, 222.14, 222.18, 222.20,
226.12, 226.31, 226.40, 226.54, 226.56, 226.61, 226.69, 226.75, 226.86, 226.92,
231.22,
On Library: Bk.1: Ort174.5a,
222.51, Bk.1-5: Ort1.16, 2.16, 3.16, Bks. 2 & 19: Ort182.28, 183.28, Bk.4:
Ort226.10, Bk.5: Ort1.16, 34.9, 36.21, 141.6, 141.13, 196.15, 196.35, 197.16,
217.20, Bk.5: Ort198.16, Bk.16: Ort149.5, Bk.17: Ort221.30, 222.51, Bk.18:
Ort7.7;
On Pytheas Bk.2: Ort161.11;
On the authority of Hesiodus:
Ort211.3;
Quoted by Plinius: Ort217.18.
Diogenes Laërtius, c.
200 - 250 AD, was a biographer of Greek Philosophers. He wrote a
“Φιλοσόφων
βίων και
δογμάτων συναγωγή”,
[Philosophers lives and works] Ort186; also in lemma BORBORVS in “Thesaurus”
(1596) and in “Deorum Dearum” (1573), referring to “Aristoteles’ testament”,
the Latin translation being provided by Ambrosius Traversarius, which was first
printed in Rome in 1472. Ortelius bought a copy of this work from Plantin in
1584 and quotes from it, referring twice to the Plato section. This book also
contains “Life of Pyrrhus Eliensis” (Ort203). In lemma MARONEA of his
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), Ortelius refers to his “Epistola ad huius cives” as a
source. In lemma OETÆVS of his “Thesaurus” (1587), and in lemma CHEN in
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to his “Myson” as a source. In lemmas
AEPEIA and POMPEIO POLIS of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers to Diogenes’
“Solon” as a source. In lemmas ALOPE and NESSVS of “Thesaurus” (1596) his “Sua
Vita” [autobiography] is mentioned as a source. In lemmas ACHARNA, ANACAEA,
ANAPLYSTVS, of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and in lemmas HYLÆ, OIETHENSIS and
POECILE of “Thesaurus” (1596) his “Zeno” is mentioned as a source. In lemmas
ECHEDEMIA and HEPHÆSTIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and CEPHISIA of “Thesaurus”
(1596) reference is made to Diogenes’ “Plato”. In lemma PIRÆEVS of “Thesaurus”
(1596) Ortelius refers to his “Antisthene”. In lemma PITANE of “Thesaurus”
(1596) his “Archesilaus” is mentioned as a source. Diogenes quotes him again as
Archelaus the chorographer (Ort222). Laërtius is mentioned as a source in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), 29 times in “Thesaurus”
(1587) and 52 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort194.5, 194.14, 194.29,
224.39, 226.2;
Biography: Ort186.17;
Life of Pyrrhus Eliensis:
Ort203.16;
Quoting Archelaus the chorographer: Ort222.2.
Diogenianus,
flourished 2nd c. AD, was a Greek grammarian from Heraclea in
Pontus. He was the author of an alphabetical lexicon, chiefly of poetical
words, abridged from the great lexicon of Pamphilus of Alexandria (50 AD) and
other similar works. It formed the basis of the lexicon, or rather glossary, of
Hesychius of Alexandria, which is described in the preface as a new edition of
the work of Diogenianus. Teher still exists a collection of proverbs under his
name, probably an abridgment of the collection made by himself from his
lexicon. Diogenianus was also the author of an Anthology of epigrams, of treatises
on rivers, lakes, fountains and promontories; and of a list (with map) of all
the towns in the world. Ortelius refers to this work (via Suidas) in his
address to the reader which opens his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), and refers to
Diogenianus as a source in this “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) once in the lemma
ALBACE.
Diognetus, first
century AD or earlier, was a Roman surveyor and author who is quoted by Plinius
(Ort222).
Quoted by Plinius: Ort222.2.
Dion, Cassius Nicæus,
160 - 229 AD, was a prominent Roman senator who wrote a “Rerum Romanorum”, a
history of Rome” first printed in 1551, and about Roman defeats on the Isle of
Candia, published in Venice, 1548. Dion is also mentioned once as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L) and is referred to as a source 34
times in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578). In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned as
a source 36 times, in “Thesaurus” (1596) 65 times and in “Deorum Dearum” (1573)
9 times.
Ort16.31, 189.26, 193.30,
212.14, 214.26;
Dion or Dio, Chrysostomos (Δίων
Χρυσόστομος ), of Prusa or Dio Cocceianus, ca. 40 –
ca. 120 AD, was a Greek orator, writer, philosopher and historian of the Roman
Empire. Eighty of his “Discourses”
(or “Orations”) are extant, as
well as a few letters and a funny mock essay “In Praise of Hair”, as well as a
few other fragments. His surname Chrysostomos
is Greek and literally means "golden-mouthed". He should not be
confused with the 4th century bishop John Chrysostom of
Constantinople. This Chrysostomus wrote “Oratio de Regno”, mentioned as a
source in lemma SACCI of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Dion, Prusæus, first
century AD, was a Roman orator who wrote “Orations” (Ort166, 216,222,224; also
referred to as a source e.g.in lemma BATIEIEA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and in
ALETHIÆ, ATHENÆ, ATTICA, BRACHMANES, CEADA, CELÆNÆ, COELA EVBOEÆ, EVBOICVM and
SYRTES of “Thesaurus” (1596)) and “Oration to Bundvica” (Ort16,190,192). The
following works which Ortelius attributes to him, namely “Life of Nero”
(Ort16,63,172,190,191,192), “History of Hadrianus” (Ort216), “Life of Emperor
Traianus” and “Life of emperor Severus” in “Thesaurus” (1596) have in fact not
been written by him. Dion Prusæus quotes Homerus (Ort212) and is quoted by
Xiliphinus (Ort192), Theodosius (Ort199) and Causabonis (Ort212). In his “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596), Ortelius refers twice to his “Oratio Borysthenica”, in “Thesaurus”
(1587) once to his “Oratio de Celænis”, and once to his “Oratio Troiana”, also
referred to 3 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in lemma SCIRITIS, to his “De
Avaritia” mentioned as a source in e.g. lemma SICILIA of “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) and to his “De servis fugitivis”, e.g. in lemma XANTHVS of
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) as sources. He is mentioned as a source 133 times in
“Thesaurus” (1587). In “Thesaurus” (1596) his 6th oration is
mentioned once. In lemma LIGII of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to Dion’s
“Fragment” as a source and in lemma SCIRITIS of “Thesaurus” (1596) to his
“Cyropædia”. Altogether Dion Prusæus is mentioned 160 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596).
Dion is mentioned twice on map
sheet Ort199, also twice on map sheet Ort200 and once on mapsheet Ort213;
further in texts: 82.2, 83.2, 189.20, 189.26, 190.6, 190.19, 190.20, 190.33,
190.37, 190.60, 192.7, 192.11, 192.16, 192.33, 192.36, 192.64-66, 194.18, 196.16,
196.56, 199.4, 199.27, 199.44, 199.71, 199.74, 200.15, 200.56, 200.66, 203.2,
203.4, 203.5, 203.8, 204.7, 205.7, 207.8, 205.15, 212.2, 212.4, 212.12, 214.26,
214.27, 218.3, 218.19, 219.18, 220.3, 221.28, 221.36, 222.4;
Bk.37: 171.15, 172.7, Bk.39:
Ort16.27, 190.3, 190.36, 192.10, 196.8, 197.18, 198.18, 208.15, Bk.40: 63.2,
63.8, Bk.49: Ort203.4, Bk.53: Ort199.6, 199.46, 200.17, Bk.54: Ort214.38, Bk.55: Ort197.18, 198.18;
Life of Emperor Traianus:
Ort212.7;
Life of Nero Ort16.42, 16.47,
190.16, 190.19, 190.52, 190.57, 191.7, 192.27, 192.33, 192.85, Bk.27: Ort172.7,
Bk.40: Ort63.2;
14th Oration: Ort224.33; 16th
Oration: Ort213.13;
31st Oration: Ort216.18, 222.30;
35th Oration 166.8;
Oration to Bundvica: Ort16.46,
190.18, 190.56, 192.32;
History of Hadrianus: Ort216.7;
Quoting Homerus: Ort212.13;
Quoted by Xiliphine: Ort192.14;
Quoted by Theodosius: Ort199.60,
200.60;
Quoted by Causabonus: Ort212.16.
Dionysius Alexandrinus
see Alexandrinus, Dionysius.
Dionysius Byzantinus (∆ιονύσιος
Βυζάντιος) was a Greek geographer,
2nd century BC. He is known for his
“Ανάπλους
Βοσπόρου” [Voyage through the Bosporus] or “De Bospori navigatione Anaplo”, which describes the coastline of
the Bosporus and the city of Byzantium, later Constantinople, now Istanbul,
described by C. Foss as "one of the most remarkable and detailed of
ancient geographic texts". The work survives with a large lacuna, and is
only known from a 16th -century Latin paraphrase by Peter Gyllius.
This work is also referred to as “Periplus” or “Anaplus” in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), e.g. in lemmas DOTINA and GYNÆCON. Dionysius
Byzantinus is quoted via Gyllius 3 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578) and once in his “Thesaurus” (1587). He is altogether mentioned 155 times
as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587). In lemma BVCINNA and DRESIA of “Thesaurus”
(1596) Ortelius refers to his “Bassaricores”. Dionysius is often quoted by
Eustathius. In “Thesaurus” (1596) Dionysius Byzantinus is altogether mention as
a source 196 times.
Dionysius Halicarnasseus,
last part first century BC, “a writer of good credit”, was a Greek who lived in
Rome for most of his life. As a literary critic he wrote in Greek a number of
treatises on subjects such as “Oratory”, and “On the arrangement of words”,
dealing with word order and euphony, also containing Sappho’s “Ode to
Aphrodite”. As a historian, he had a great interest in the history of Rome,
expressed in his “Roman Antiquities”, which is a valuable supplement to Livius’
“Ab urbe condita”. This work is quoted by Eusthatius, as appears from Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578). It contains the often repeated statement that “the style is
the man”. In Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in lemma NECOVIA,
Halicarnasseus’ “Antiquitatum
Romanarum Quae Supersunt” is mentioned as a source and in lemmas AECALVM,
CALESIA, CARVENTVS and NECOVIA of “Thesaurus” (1596) and in chapters TERMINI
and FIDEI of “Deorum Dearum” (1573), Ortelius refers to this work as
“Antiquitates”. In lemma CHERRONESVS of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers to
Halicarnasseus’ “Antiochus Syracusanus” as a source. Dionysius was edited by
Gelenius, as indicated in lemma TIBVR of “Thesaurus” (1596). Ortelius bought an
unspecified book of him from Plantin in 1583 and two more copies in 1590.
Dionysius is mentioned 4 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L,
1571L, 1573L, 1574L, 1575L), in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and 86 times in its text. Altogether, Dionysius is referred
to as a source 143 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 210 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596). In “Deorum Dearum” (1573) he is mentioned 8 times as a source.
Dionysius Halicarnasseus is
mentioned once on map sheet Ort187, Ort209 & Ort214. Further in texts
Ort204.4, 205.4, 207.5, 207.9, 207.10, 208.5, 209.8, 209.14, 209.30, 209.43,
210.10, 210.12, 214.37, 218.6, 223.2-5, 223.7-10;
Bk.1: Ort204.7, 205.7, 208.6,
208.7, Bk.6: Ort207.3, Ort208.3.
Dionysius “Periegetes”
Apher or Afer, second century AD, lived in Alexandria and wrote in hexameter
verse about seas, coasts and islands of the world as then known. The first
comments on this work are provided by Eustathius (from 1166 onwards archbishop
of Thessaloniki, Greece). Further he was published and commented on by
Cuspinianus, by Jo. Camers (Vienna, 1512) and by Robert Estienne (Paris, 1547).
From Hessels (146) it appears that Andreas Schott edited a copy of the poem
written by Dionysius Apher called “Der Perieget” (Ort199,200) translated by
Rufus Festus Avienus and sent to Ortelius in 1582. This work was also commented
on by Macer (Ort199,200; also mentioned various times as a source in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus”(1587,1596), e.g. in lemmas ORETÆ and CAMARITÆ of “Thesaurus”
(1596). Schottus also edited Eustathius (Ort192,221,222), and the “Itinerarium”
by Claudius Rutilus Namiatus, in the
hope that Ortelius could convince Plantin to publish them. Afer is mentioned in
cartouches (Ort187) and cited by Columella (Ort218). He is mentioned 3 times as
a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), 11 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587)
and 54 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). Andreas Papius edited Dionysius’
“Periegetis” which appeared at Plantin in 1575 and is referred to various times
as a source in Ortelius “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Ortelius bought a copy of this
work from Plantin.
Mentioned in the cartouches of
Ort187, on map sheet Ort197 twice, on map sheet 198 3 times; further in map
texts:
Ort1.13, 2.13, 3.13, 31.2, 31.5,
189.6, 189.7, 190.28, 191.7, 191.15, 192.2, 192.17, 192.78, 192.85, 192.91,
193.9, 193.14, 199.3, 199.19, 199.38, 199.43, 199.62, 200.7, 200.8, 200.11,
200.13, 200.34, 200.36, 200.37, 203.37, 209.14-16, 211.2, 211.9, 217.17,
217.22, 219.2, 221.2, 222.10, 222.26, 223.14, 226.2, 226.4, 231.26, 232.21;
Commented on by Priscianus
199.17, 199.59;
Commented on by Macer:
Ort200.11;
Commented on by Eustatius:
Ort3.14, 190.65, 192.17, 192.42, 221.27, 222.30;
Quoted by Columella 218.7;
Dionysius Cassius Uticensis see Uticensis, Cassius Dionysius.
Dioscorides, Pedianus,
second half of first century AD, wrote “De Materia Medica”, first published in
1499, about medicinal plants (Ort210). He was commented on by Matthiolus and
Angerius Busbechius (Ort149). In lemma
TYRRHENIA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) the chapter on “resin” is
referred to as a source. In lemma AEGAE of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers
to Dioscorides’ “Cesco” as a source. Ortelius bought an unspecified work by
Dioscorides from Plantin, published in Lyon, in 1583. Dioscorides also edited
Vergilius, as appears from lemma CARBONIA in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Dioscorides is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” as a source of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578), and three times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is
mentioned 25 times as a source and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 44 times.
Dioscorides is mentioned once on
map sheet Ort210. Further in texts Ort16.43, 190.16, 190.52, 192.28, 193.21,
193.54, 196.19, 196.84, 203.30, 211.6; Bk.2 Ch.110: Ort193.18, Bk.6 Ch.14:
Ort217.12;
De Medica Materia Bk.1, Ch.98:
Ort210.14; Bk.2, Ch.110 193.18
Commented on by Angerius
Busbechius: Ort149.14;
Commented on by Matthiolus:
101.6.
Ditmarus or
Thietmarus, Sigebert, 12th c., bishop of Merseburg, Germany, wrote a
“Chronicon”. Ortelius refers to Ditmarus as a source once in lemma CARENTANI of
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Divæus or Dyvæus,
Petrus, or Peter van Dieve, Leuven 1535 - Mechelen 1581, was a historian of Brabant, Belgium. His main
works are “De antiquitatibus Brabantiæ”, 1565, and “De antiquitatibus Galliæ
Belgicæ, adde, qualis sub imperio Romano” (Ort44,45) Antwerp, Plantin, 1574.
Ortelius bought a copy of this book from Plantin in 1576 and again in 1579.
Ortelius and his co-travellers visited him in Leuven in 1575 as one of the
first stops in their “Itinerarium” (1584), as described on page 9. He also
wrote comments on Procopius (Ort78; also in lemma ARBORICHAE of “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596)) and on Antoninus, to which Ortelius refers twice as a source in
his “Synonymia” (1578), 3 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and twice in “Thesaurus”
(1596). He reports about the life of emperor Henry IV, mentioned as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma
VEGESATVM. He contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (ff. 94 v. 95., June
13, 1575). He is mentioned 52 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1570L) and 54 times in “Synonymia” (1571L, 1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He is
mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) 40 times, in “Thesaurus”
(1587) 49 times and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 53 times.
Ort44.4, 45.4, 58.7, 59.7,
79.21;
Antiquities of Gallia Belgica:
Ort44.7. 45.7;
Commenting on Procopius:
Ort78.11.
Dociades, 1st
century isa Roman writer quoted by Plinius (Ort217).
Quoted by Plinius: Ort217.7.
Dodonæus or Dodonnée or
Dodoens, Rembert, Mechelen 1517 - Leiden 1585, was a physician and botanist who
studied in Leuven and travelled to France, Italy and Germany. After having been
in charge as a physician to the emperors Maximilian II and Rodolphus II he
returned to the Low Countries where he became a professor in medicine in Leiden
in 1583. He wrote a book on herbs and spices called “Frumentorum Historia” of
which Ortelius bought a copy from Plantin in 1566 and again in 1583, and which
was translated into many languages, including Dutch where it was called
“Cruydboeck”. He contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum”, (f.77 v. in 1574).
Does see Dousa
Dominicanus, 13th
century, refers to a Dominican monk of Colmar, executed in 1265, who is
supposed to have written “Colmariences Minores”, [Annals of the City of Colmar,
Alsace, France] (Ort186).
Annals of the city of Colmar:
Ort186.18.
Dominicus Niger, see Niger
Dominicus.
Donellus, Hugo or Hugues Doneau, 1527 Chalon-sur-Saône –
1591 Altdorf near Nürnberg, was a French law professor and one of the leading
representatives of French legal humanism. Rhedinger and Monau were his friends.
He also taught in Leiden. He wrote a letter to Ortelius in 1581 (Hessels 111).
Ort126.11.
Dorléans, Ludovicus or
Louis, 1542 – 1629, was a catholic lawyer from Paris. He wrote “Regem Francorum
& Navarrorum Kudovicum XIII” published in 1622, and edited Tacitus’
“Annales”. He wrote a letter to Ortelius in 1594, asking to see his library
(Hessels 260).
Dorotheus, saint, Antiochia, ca. 255 –
Odyssopolis, 362, was bishop van Tyrus. According to tradition, he is
the author of the “Acts” of the seventy apostles. Dorotheus, a learned priest
from Antiochia and teacher of the church historian Eusebius of Caesarea, was
appointed ruler without denying his religious convictions (Eusebius,VII.32). He
attended the Council of Nicea in 325, but was banished to Odyssopolis (Varna)
on the Black Sea in Thrace. There he died at the age of 107. He is mentioned 25
times as a source by Ortelius in his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Dousa or Douza, Janus
or van der Does the elder, Noordwijk 1545 - Den Haag 1609, humanist and
poet, was the first curator of the
University of Leiden. He is mentioned once as a source in lemma SACRVM of
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). He wrote comments on Catullus (Ort222), a
copy of which Ortelius bought from Plantin in 1582, and “Odae Lugdunensis”
(1575) of which Ortelius bought two copies from Plantin in 1580. Dousa’s “Nova
Poemata” were sent to Ortelius by Vulcanius (Hessels 131). He contributed to
Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum”,(ff. 83,84) describing how one can travel without
fear with the help of Ortelius’ maps, and is mentioned once as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Commenting on Catullus:
Ort222.33.
Dousa or Douza, Janus or van der Does the younger (Leiden 1571 – 1596) son of Dousa the elder,
was a humanist and poet who died at the age of 25. His portrait, engraved by
Philip Galle, is included in Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (f. 82 v., undated).
Drusius or van
den Driesche, Johannes,
Oudenaarde, 28 juni 1550 - Franeker, 12 februari 1616, was a Dutch protestant
theologist. Van den Driesche or Drusius studied Greek and Latin in Ghent and
later philosophy in Leuven. His father was a convinced protestant and had to
flee to London. His mother was a catholic and did not want him to follow his
father. Yet, in 1567 Drusius succeeded in following his father to England.
There he studied Hebrew in Cambridge. At the age of 22 he became a professor in
Eastern languages at Oxford. In 1576 he returned after the pacification of
Ghent with his father to the Netherlands. He was appointed professor of Eastern
languages in Leiden. In 1585 he moved to Friesland where he was appointed at
the university of Franeker where he remained. He was an oriëntalist of Europese
stature.He wrote comments on the New Testament
a copy of which Ortelius bought from Plantin in 1584. He wrote
“Observationum Sacrarum” [of sacred observations], published in Franeker in
1594. It is mentioned as a source in lemmas CARTHAGO, DIBON, GADARIS, ON and
THARSIS of “Thesaurus” (1596) where he is altogether mentioned 6 times as a
source.
Dryander, Ioannes, 1500 – 1560, or Eichmann was a mathematician,
physician, astronomer and professor in medecine at Marburg, Germany. He drew a
map of Hessen which was used by Ortelius (Ort92a,95b). He was included in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” with his Hessen map from 1573 onwards.
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the Hassiæ half sheet map as its maker, Ort92a, 95b
Duarte Barbosa see
Barbosa, Duarte.
Duarte Lopez see Lopez
Duarte.
Du Bellay, Martin,
Sieur de Langey, fl. mid 16th c., was a French author who wrote
“Épitome de l’antiquité des Gaules et de France”. Ortelius bought a copy of
this work from Plantin in 1580.
Dubravinius see
Dubravius.
Dubravius, Johan, 1486
– 1553, from Pilsen, Bohemia, was a Czech poet who wrote “Theriobulia” (1520),
epic poetry after Æsopic fables
commonly called “beast epic”. He also wrote about fish ponds in “De piscinis”,
1547. Later he became bishop of Olmütz and wrote “Historiæ regni Boiemiæ de
rebus memoria”, Prosznitz 1552, a history of Bohemia (Ort101,104). Dubravius is
mentioned twice as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He
is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and is
mentioned as a source 4 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is
mentioned 5 times as a source, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 4 times, e.g. in lemma
MARCOMANNI.
History of Bohemia: Ort101.6,
101.13, 101.21, 104.2, 104.3, 104.9, 104.10, 104.52, 104.53, 104.58, 104.60.
Du Choul, Guillaume or Gulielmus Choulius, 1496 – 1560, was a French
author who wrote “Discours des anciens Romains” published in Lyon, 1556, 1567.
Ortelius bought a copy from Plantin in 1569. He refers to this work as a source
in the preface of his “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Dudith, Andreas, Buda 1533 - Breslau 1589, was a Hungarian made bishop
by Ferdinand II. He conducted diplomacy in central Europe. He was
excommunicated from the catholic church and embraced Calvinism. He was a friend
of Ortelius and contributed to his “Album Amicorum” (f. 50 v. October 29,
1584). He wrote a letter to Ortelius in 1582 (Hessels 114).
Duetecum van, see Van Deutecum.
Duffleus see Kiel, Corneille
Duglossus or Dlugosz, Johan, 1415 – 1480, wrote a history of Poland
(Ort104) which was only published incompletely in 1615. His works are known
earlier through Joachim Curæus (Ort154,155). Ortelius bought a copy of this
version from Plantin in 1572 and again in 1582.
Ort156.5, 156.6, 156.7, 157.5,
157.6, 157.7;
Polish history: Ort104.10,
104.60;
Quoted by Ioachimus Curæus:
Ort154.17, 155.17.
Duglosz see Duglossus.
Dupinet, Antonius or
Pinetus, 1510 – 1584, was a Frenchman who published and commented on Plinius
Caius Secundus’ “Historia Naturalis” in French in Lyon, France 1542. Ortelius
possessed this work and gives 9 references to it in his “Synonymia” (1578),
Ort115.12, 215.8, 221.4;
Cities Ort1.51, 2.51, 3.56,
38.8, 38.16.
Durantius, Jacobus,
also called Casellius, fl. late 16th c., was a scholar who wrote
“Variae Lectionis ..” which was published in 1582. This work is mentioned as a
source in lemma CHATHALIENSIVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Ortelius bought a
copy of this work from Plantin in 1582.
Dürer, Albrecht,
Nürnberg 21 May 1471 – Nürnberg 6 April 1528, was a famous artist who also
wrote books on mathematics. Dürer succeeded in producing two books during his
lifetime. "The Four Books on Measurement" were published at Nuremberg
in 1525 and was the first book for adults on mathematics in German, as well as
being cited later by Galileo and Kepler. Ortelius bought a copy of what he
calls “Geometria” from Plantin in 1579 and a copy he calls “Symmetria” in 1580.
Dycchius, Andreas
(late 16th century) of Roermond was a humanist who travelled to
Italy. He was a friend of Lipsius and Ortelius. He wrote Ortelius a letter in
1596 (Hessels 296) and contributed to his “Album Amicorum” (f.43,March 21, 1596) without having been invited to do
so.
Eber, Paul or Paulus
Eberus (fl. 16th c.) was a German author who wrote “Calendarium
Historicum”, a description in Greek and Latin of important events from 1500
onwards. It was published by Crato, Basel 1551, also in Wittenburg 1573.
Ortelius bought a copy of this work from Plantin in 1581.
Ecluse, Charles de l’
see Clusius.
Edeling see Edling.
Edling or Edeling,
Joachim, 16th c., was a brother of Petrus, see below. He wrote an
“Itinerarium” which his brother sent to Ortelius in 1581 (Hessels 107).
Edling or Edeling,
Petrus von, Pasewalk 1522 – Colberg 1602, from Pommern was a professor in music
and grammar in Greifswald, Germany, and later chancellor in Colberg. He worked
in the field of historiography but his writings were not published during his
lifetime. He corresponded with Ortelius in 1580, 1581 (Hessels letters 97 &
107) and sent Ortelius a manuscript map
of Rügen, Usedom and Wollin which he
used (Ort87,89).
Ort87.17, 89.15, 158.15.
Educense concilium
(probably an incorrect form for Eduense = Autun) was held in the year 1094
under Gregorius VII, referred to as a source in lemma EDVCENSE of “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596).
Egarense concilium,
held in
Egeinhardus, who died in
840, wrote among other works a biography on Charles the Great called “Vita
Caroli Magni imperatoris”, considered a masterpiece of medieval biography.
Ortelius refers to it twice in his “Synonymia” (1578), 3 times in his
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 6 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in lemma SCLAVI. He
is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578), and occurs seven times in its text. In Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587)
Egeinhardus’ translations of the martyred saints Marcellinus and Petrus are
mentioned 9 times as sources, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 8 times. Altogether, he
is mentioned 28 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 31 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort192.44.
Egesippus see
Hegesippus.
Eginhard see
Egeinhardus.
Egnatius see Egnazio.
Egnazio, Giovanni
Battista, 1473 - 1553, of Italy wrote a history of emperors. Egnatio is also
mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578), and occurs twice in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned
once as a source, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 3 times, e.g. in lemmas LADII and
TIMAVVS, where his “epistola ad Matthæum Advicar.” is mentioned as a source.
Ort168.8, 169.8.
Egranus see Bruschius.
Eldadus see Danius.
Eliberitatum Concilium
is an unidentified religious council or synod referred to as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) twice, e.g. in lemma BASSITANI.
Elysius, Joannes
Calandius, 16th century, from
Italy wrote “Balnea Ænariarum”, Venice, 1553, and “De balneis Puteolanis” (Ort142;
also mentioned once as a source in lemma FALERNVS of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596). Elysius is altogether mentioned as a source 4 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596).
Ort142.11, 142.13, 142.15;
Baths of Puteoli: Ort142.21.
Elizabeth I, 7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603, was Queen of England and Queen of
Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen
Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. The
daughter of Henry VIII, she was born a princess, but her mother, Anne Boleyn,
was executed two and a half years after her birth, and Elizabeth was declared
illegitimate. Her brother, Edward VI, bequeathed the crown to Lady Jane Grey,
cutting his sisters out of the succession. His will was set aside, and in 1558
Elizabeth succeeded the Catholic Mary I, during whose reign she had been
imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels. She
wrote, or was responsible for the writing of “Edictum Elisbethae reginae
Angliae promulgat Londini 29 November
Eldadus Danius or
Eldad ben Mahli, fl. 9th c., was the supposed author of a Jewish
travel narrative which enjoyed great authority in the middle ages, especially
concerning the question of the lost ten tribes. Many editions followed under
the title “De Iudæis clausis eorumque in Aethiopia imperio”. Eldad is quoted as
an authority on linguistic problems by the leading Jewish grammarians and
lexicographers.His Hebrew work is divided into six chapters and was first
printed in Mantua, 1480, then in Constantinople, 1516, and Venice, 1544.
Ortelius refers to Eldad’s work as “De Historia de Judæis clausis” in his
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) e.g. in the lemmas AGHEAMIA and SABBATICVS and in
“Thesaurus” (1596) e.g. lemma ASIN. Altogether, he is mentioned 5 times as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 7 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Eleusius, bishop of
Cyzicus, 2nd half of the 4th cent., was intimately
connected with Basil of Ancyra, Eustathius of Sebaste, Sophronius of
Pompeiopolis, and other leaders of the Macedonian early Christians. He is
uniformly described as of high personal character, holy in life, rigid in
self-discipline, untiring in his exertions for what he deemed truth, and,
according to St. Hilary, more nearly orthodox than most of his associates. He
is mentioned once as a source describing the life of Saint Theodorus of
Archimandrita in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma ADIGERMARVM.
“Eliberitanum
Concilium” or Council or Synod of Elvira, abt. 306 AD, was an ecclesiastical
synod held in Elvira in what was then the Roman province of Hispania Baetica,
which ranks among the more important provincial synods, for the breadth of its
canons. It was one of three councils, together with the Synod of Arles and the
Synod of Ancyra, that first approached the character of general councils and
prepared the way for the first oecumenical council. It was attended by nineteen
bishops, and twenty-six presbyters, mostly from Hispania Baetica. Deacons and
laymen were also present. Ortelius refers to it once as a source in
the lemma CONTRALEVCENSIS of his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). In “Thesaurus” (1596)
it is mentioned twice as a source.
Elisius Calentius
Ioannes or Elisio Calenzio, 1450 – 1503, was an Italian humanist and poet. His
“Opera” were published in Rome in 1503, including “Odes”, referred to as a
source in lemma INTERAMNIA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Altogether he is
mentioned 3 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 4 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596), e.g. in lemmas FALERNVS and INTERAMNIA, where a 16-line Sapphic ode by
Elisius is quoted. His “Distichon” is quoted by Ortelius in lemma PRÆTVTIANA of
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Elphegus saint, fl. 11th
c., was archbishop of Canterbury. Ortelius refers once to his “Vita martyris”
as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma BATHONIA.
Emanuel Enricus
Lusitanus (16th c.) is an unidentified Portuguese author, highly
praised by Ortelius once in the lemma DASCVTA of his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)
and in lemmas CONIMBRICA, IVLIVM PRÆSIDIVM, LAMECA, LAVARE, LVSITANVM,
SEGOBRIGA and TAGVS of “Thesaurus” (1596) where Ortelius calls him “my friend”
and “worthy of my faith”.
Emmius Ubbo, 1547 –
1626, from Greith, East Frisia, wrote a “Historica Frisica” or Frisian history
(Ort80,83) which was published in Franeker, Friesland, the Netherlands in 1596.
Ortelius bought a copy of this book from Plantin in 1598.
Ort80.22, 83.14.
Empyrus see Empiricus.
Empiricus
Sextus or Sextos Empeirikos, second century AD, was a Greek philosopher and
follower of Pyrrhon from Elis. He wrote about sceptical philosophy. He was
commented on by Hernetus (Ort199,200). He is also mentioned once as a source in
lemma BRILESSVS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort200.44, 214.16;
Commented on by Hernetus:
Ort199.44, 200.44.
Encheleas was not an author but a tribe, 5th c. BC. They were
living in what now can be called southern Albania or northern Epirus. The first
known king of the Encheleas was
Bardulis (Bardhyli), who fought the Macedonian king Philip. Ortelius refers to
them once as a source via Stephanus Byzantinus in his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596)
in lemma HARPYA and altogether twice in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Enenckel, Georgius
Acacius (1573 - 1620) was an Austrian nobleman and lawyer who published a map
of ancient Greece (Tübingen, 1596). This map and Enenckel are mentioned in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” in the “Theatrum” of 1601, but not used.
Engelhart, Daniel,
also called Angelocrator (Corbach 1549 - Cöthen 1625) from Breslau was a
protestant clergyman in Stade, Marburg and Cöthen-Anhalt who participated in
the synod of Dordrecht (1618). He was a friend of Rhedinger, Monau, Wacker and
Duditius. He wrote letters to Ortelius in 1580, 1596 and 1598 (Hessels 93,297,317). He also wrote a
psalm and eulogy in Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (f.7v, September 12, 1577, f.
53, December 10, 1584).
Ennius, Quintus “the
Poet”, 239 - 169 BC, introduced the Greek hexameter into Roman poetry, and used
it in his tragedies. He wrote a history of Rome in his “Annales”, written in an
archaic style. Only fragments of his work survive. He was commented on by
Hieronymus Columna (Ort209). He is mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma RVDIÆ, 5 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). In lemma
PANTVM of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers to Ennius’ “Sublacensis”. He is
quoted by Gellius in lemma PRÆPETEM of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort209.15, 209.16;
Written about by Hieronymus
Columna: Ort209.6.
Ennodius, see Enodius.
Enodius, Magnus Felix, 5th c. AD, was an Ostrogothic poet who
wrote a Panegyric, which is referred to twice as a source in lemmas SOGIVNTII
and VLCA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and also in lemma AQVILO of
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Enricus of Auxerre see Hericus.
Eobanus, see Hessus,
Helius.
Epaphroditus, 1st c. AD, is a saint of the
Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church, first bishop of Philippi, and of
Andriacia in Asia Minor, and first bishop of Terracina, Italy. There is little
evidence that these were all the same person. He was a fellow Christian
missionary of St. Paul’s. The name corresponds to the Latin Venustus [
handsome], and was very common in the Roman period. The name occurs very
frequently in inscriptions both Greek and Latin, whether at full length
Epaphroditus, or in its contracted form as Epaphras. His name was a pagan one,
meaning loved by Aphrodite. He is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), and occurs twice in its text. His
“Life” is mentioned once in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). He is mentioned 4 times as
a source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Epaunensis concilium,
5th c., was a council in Spain, mentioned twice as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Ephese concilium ,
council of, was first convened in 431 AD for the purpose of taking
authoritative action concerning the doctrine of the person of Christ. The councils
of Nicaea and Constantinople had asserted the full divinity and real humanity
of Christ, without, however, defining the manner of their union. In “Thesaurus”
(1596) this first council is mentioned as a source 49 times. Ortelius refers to
the third councilof Ephese which was held in
Epiphanius, ca. 310 –
403, was bishop of Salami and metropolitan of Cyprus at the end of the 4th
century. He is considered a church father. He gained the reputation of a strong
defender of orthodoxy. He is best known for composing a very large compendium
of the heresies up to his own time, full of quotations that are often the only
surviving fragments of suppressed texts. His best-known book is the “Panarion” [medicine-chest], also
known as “Adversus Haereses”,
[Against heresies], presented as a book of antidotes for those bitten by the
serpent of heresy. Written between 374 and 377, it forms a handbook for dealing
with the arguments of heretics. Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) refer twice
to Epiphanius’ “De 12 gemmis Aaronis”. He is mentioned as a source in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578), and occurs 4 times in its text. In “Thesaurus”
(1587) he is altogether mentioned 38 times as a source and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) 45 times.
Ephorus, 405 - 330 BC,
from Cyme, Asia minor, a pupil of Isocrates, wrote a general history of Greece
in 30 volumes, beginning with the return of the Heraclides, (1069 BC) and
ending in 340 BC. He is quoted by Strabo (Ort189). Ephorus is also mentioned in
the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), as quoted by Plinius,
and occurs 5 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned as a
source 6 times, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 14 times.
Quoted by Strabo: Ort189.29.
Epimenides, 6th
century BC, of Gnossos was a Greek philosopher who wrote poetry of which only
fragments have survived. He is quoted by St. Paul (Ort217).
Ort226.2;
Quoted by St. Paul: Ort217.6.
Epictetus (Greek: Ἐπίκτητος) 55 –
135 AD was a Greek sage and Stoic philosopher. He was born a slave at
Hierapolis, Phrygia (present day Pamukkale, Turkey), and lived in Rome until
banishment when he went to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece where he lived the
rest of his life. His teachings were noted down and published by his pupil
Arrianus in his “Discourses”.
Philosophy, he taught, is a way of life and not just a theoretical discipline.
To Epictetus, all external events are determined by fate, and are thus beyond
our control, but we can accept whatever happens calmly and dispassionately. His
“Enchyridion” is mentioned and recommended by Ortelius in a letter to Jacob
Cools as teaching the immortality of the soul (Hessels 192).
Episcopus, Jacobus
Philippus or Bisschop, fl. second half 16th c., was a Latin poet of
Ghent who wrote Ortelius an undated letter (Hessels 376).
Episcopus Upsaliensis
see Magnus, Ioannes.
Erasistratus (Greek: Ἐρασίστρατος), 304 BC - 250
BC, was a Greek anatomist and royal
physician under Seleucus I Nicator of Syria. Along with fellow physician
Herophilus, he founded a school of anatomy in Alexandria, where they carried
out anatomical research. He is credited for his description of the valves of
the heart, and he also concluded that the heart was not the center of
sensations, but instead it functioned as a pump. He was among the first to
distinguish between veins and arteries. He believed that the arteries were full
of air and that they carried the "animal spirit" (pneuma). He considered atoms to be
the essential body element, and he believed they were vitalized by the pneuma that circulated through the
nerves. Only fragments of his writings survive. His name is mentioned once as a
source by Ortelius in lemma MYCALE of his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) as quoted by
Suidas.
Erasmus, Desiderius,
1467 – 1536, of Rotterdam translated the complete works of Aristoteles into
Latin and published them in 1531. His work “Adagiorum chiliades”
(Ort79,147,211), also referred to in “Deorum Dearum” (1573) was published by
Aldus Manutius in Venice in 1506 is also well known and its aphorisms and
scholarship were eagerly incorporated in Ortelius’ “Theatrum”. He also wrote
“Laus Stultitiæ” and “Epistles” (Ort75,76,77) of which Ortelius bought 6 copies
from Plantin in
Adagiorum Chiliades: Ort79.2-8,
79.29, [Book 4, Ch. 35], 147.10, 211.15;
Epistles: Ort75.4, 76.4, 77.4.
Erasmus, Michaelis
Læti, 1526 – 1582, was a poet who wrote “De re Nautica” [about naval matters] (Ort161),
Basel, 1573. This work is also referred to as a source in lemmas GLESSARIA and
RHA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
De re Nautica Bk.3: 161.31, 161.93.
Erasmus Stella see Stella
Erasmus.
Eratosthenes, 275 - 195
BC, of Cyrene was a universal scientist. His main work is “Geographia” in 3
books, describing the history of geography and containing an extremely accurate
calculation of the circumference of the earth. He is quoted by Varro (Ort189)
and by Strabo (Ort224). Eratosthenes is also mentioned in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) via Strabo and is mentioned 7 times
in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 11 times as a source and in
“Thesaurus” (1596) 14 times.
Ort186.8, 194.31, 199.8, 199.47,
200.20, 213.6, 214.3;
Quoted by Varro: Ort189.3;
Quoted by Strabo: Ort224.29.
Eresius, Theophrastes
see Theophrastes Eresius.
Ermolao Barbaro or
Hermolaus, 1454 - 1495, a diplomat from Venice, Italy published and commented
on Mela’s “De Situ Orbis”. Also “Castigationes Plinianis” [corrections on
Plinius] by Plinius Caius Secundum, referred to nine times by Ortelius in his
“Synonymia” (1578), 60 times, sometimes with the attribute “doctissimus”, in
his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 19 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). He also edited
Ioannes Leo, Thucydides, quotes Cyrillus, Rhianus and Stephanus, and published
“Annotationes”, as appears from Ortelius’ Synonymia (1578) and “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596) in lemma TAZATAM. In lemma PHAROS of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ermolao’s
“Illyricus Sermo” is mentioned as a source. Ermolao is mentioned as a source in
the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and occurs 110 times
in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 107 times as a source and in
“Thesaurus” (1596) 162 times.
Ort142.2, 231.24.
Erpoldus Lindenbruch,
16th c., was a biographer of Charlemagne who wrote in German a
“Chronicon” published in Hamburg in 1593, containing etymologies, referred to
by Ortelius as a source in lemmas GAMBRIVII and TREVA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Erythræus, Janus
Nicius, first century AD, wrote “Eudemia”, a satirical work placing Romans of
Tiberius’ time on an island in the Atlantic.
Ort217.24;
Erythraeus, Nicolaus
(16th c.) of Venice published his edited Vergilius as “Scholia et
Indicem in Virgilium”, in the form of a dictionary or index. Erythræus is
mentioned 9 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1571L) and 21 times in
“Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He is included in the “Catalogus Auctorum”
of Ortelius “Synonymia” (1578) in which he quotes 8 times from Vergilius’
“Index” and is mentioned as a source in that work altogether 45 times. The same
“Index” is mentioned 11 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) where
he is quoted as a source 43 times, and this “Index” is mentioned 13 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in lemma ZACYNTHVS where Erythræus is altogether
mentioned 46 times.
Quoting Bk.9 of Virgil’s Æneis:
Ort142.7, 142.8.
Eschius or Nicolaus van Esch, 1507 – 1578, was a Dutch Roman Catholic theologian
and mystical writer who wrote “Joannis Thauleri De vita et passione Salvatoris
nostril Jesi Christi… ,Cologne 1548. He is referred to as a source in a letter
from Ortelius to Jacob Cools in 1592 (Hessels 212).
Escalante, Bernardino
flourished second half of the 16th century and wrote a booklet about
China called “Discorso de la Navigation” or “Historia de China”, published in
Sevilla in 1577 which came into the possession of Ortelius (Ort164). Ortelius
bought another copy from Plantin in 1587. Ortelius mentions him as a source
twice, e.g. in lemmas GIR and SINÆ of his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). Ortelius
used the Chinese characters given in his “Discorso” booklet as various woodcuts
for his text on the China map (Ort164).
Ort164.2, 164.19.
Estienne, Robert see
Stephanus, Robert.
Estrella, see see
Stella Calvetus.
Etropius or Etrobius,
Johannes, fl. early 16th c., wrote a book called “Diarius
expeditionis Tunetanæ” which appeared in 1535. Ortelius refers to this work
once in his “Synonymia” (1578), once in his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in lemma
CARTENNÆ.
“Etymologicon” or
“Etymologicum Graecum”, mid 9th c., is the conventional modern title
given to a lexical encyclopedia compiled in Constantinople. The anonymous
compiler drew on the works of numerous earlier lexicographers and scholiasts,
both ancient and recent, including Herodianus, Choeroboscus, Methodius, Orosius
and Theognostus. The “Etymologicum” was possibly a product of the intellectual
circle around Photius. It was an important source for the subsequent Byzantine
lexicographical tradition. It first appeared in print in 1549. Ortelius bought
a copy of this work from Plantin in
Eucherius, saint, fl.
5th c., of France described the fate of Saint Mauritius, a martyr
for Christianity, in his “Passio Martyrum Acaunensum” a copy of which, printed
in Venice, was bought by Orteliusfrom Plantin in 1591.
Eudoxus of Cnidus, 410 or 408 BC – 355 or 347 BC, was a Greek astronomer, mathematician,
scholar and student of Plato. Since all his own works are lost, our knowledge
of him is obtained from secondary sources, such as Aratus' poem on astronomy.
Theodosius of Bithynia's “Sphaerics”
may be based on a work of Eudoxus. He is quoted by Suidas, as appears from
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma ARABISSENSIS and also by
Stephanus Byzantinus in “Thesaurus” (1596), where he is altogether mentioned 3
times.
Eugippius or Eugippus, 5th c., was a
disciple and the biographer of Saint Severinus of Noricum. After the latter's
death in 492, he took the remains to Naples and founded a monastery on the site
of a 1st century Roman villa, the Castellum Lucullanum (later Castel
dell'Ovo).While at Naples, Eugippius compiled a 1000-page anthology of the
works of St. Augustinus and produced other scholarly works of high quality.
Eugippius’ “Vita Severini Norici apostoli” is mentioned as a source in lemma
QVINTANÆ of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and in lemmas CASTVRIS HERVLI
and TIBVRNIA of “Thesaurus” (1596). In lemma OVILABIS of “Thesaurus” (1596)
Ortelius refers to Eugippus’ “Herulorum Historia” as a source. Eugippius is
altogether mentioned 5 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Euhemerus (Εὐήμερος,
meaning happy or prosperous), fl. late 4th c. BC, was a Greek
mythographer at the court of Cassander, the king of Macedonia. His birthplace
is disputed, with Messina in Sicily as the most probable location. He is quoted
as a source by Ortelius in his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma AVLATIA.
Eulogius, Saint of Córdoba (Spanish: San
Eulogio de Córdoba, died March 11, 859, was one of the martyrs of Córdoba. He flourished
during the reigns of the Cordovan caliphs, Abd-er-Rahman II and Muhammad I (822
- 886). He is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and occurs twice in its text. His “Epistola ad Wiliensindam”
is mentioned twice as a source, e.g. in lemma NARBONENSIS of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), simply his “Epistolae” in lemma HVRDASPALENSIS of
“Thesaurus” (1596). His “Memoriali Sanctorum” is mentioned as a source in lemma
SERASIENSE of “Thesaurus” (1596). Altogether, he is mentioned as a source
Eumanius or Eumenius,
4th century AD, was a teacher in rhetoric active in Gaul who wrote a
“Panegyric” (Ort53,54), referred to 4 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587)
and 3 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). Eumanius is also mentioned in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and once in its text, further
altogether 4 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 6 times in “Thesaurus”.(1596).
Ort196.49, 209.14;
Panegyric: Ort53.16, 54.5.
Eumenius see Eumanius.
Eumenus see Eumanius.
Eunapius, Sardianus,
375 – 420, wrote a history of philosophy of which only fragments survive, and
biographies in “De vitis philosophorum et Sophistarum”, printed by Plantin in
1568, including “Vita Iamblichi”, mentioned as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587)
and also in lemmas CHALCIS and GADARA of “Thesaurus” (1596). Ortelius bought a
copy of this work from Plantin in 1573. Altogether he is mentioned 3 times as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 11 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). In lemma
THESSALIA of “Thesaurus” (1596) his “Chrysanthius” is mentioned as a source.
Ort209.14, 209.18, 219.18,
221.28.
Euodius or Evodius
of Antiochia, who died in 69 AD,
is a saint of the Christian church and one if the first identifiable Christian saints.
Not much is known about his life. Peter converted him to Christianity and
Antiochia was a Christian centre at that time. Peter became the first bishop of
Antiochia and when he travelled to Rome, Euodius became his successor. Euodius
is mentioned twice as a source, e.g. in lemma PINETVM of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578), once in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 4 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in
lemmas EMBLONITVRNA and PINETVM. His “Panegyricus” is mentioned as a source in
lemma NATISO of “Thesaurus” (1596). Euodius’ “De miraculis protomartyris Divi
Stephani” is mentioned as a source in lemma PISITANA of “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596).
Euoptius, abt. 400 AD,
from Greece received letters from his brother Synesius (Ort222).
Written to by Synesius:
Ort222.21.
Euphorion, born at Chalcis in
Euboea about 275 BC, was a Greek poet and grammarian. Euphorion, after studying
philosophy with Lakydes and Prytanis, became the student of the poet
Archeboulos. He spent much of his life in Athens. About 221 BC he was invited
by Antiochus the Great to the court of Syria. He assisted in the formation of
the royal library at Antiochia, of which he held the post of librarian till his
death. He wrote mythological epics (the “epyllion
Thrax”), amatory elegies,
epigrams and a satirical poem “Arae”,
[curses] after the manner of the “Ibis”
of Callimachus. Prose works on antiquities and history are also attributed to
him. Like Lycophron, he was fond of using archaic and obsolete expressions, and
the erudite character of his allusions rendered his language very obscure. His
elegies were highly esteemed by the Romans — they were imitated and translated
by Cornelius Gallus and also by emperor Tiberius. Ortelius refers to him once
as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578) in the lemma MARIANDYNI, as reported by
Athenæus. In “Thesaurus (1587,1596) he is mentioned once in lemma DIRPHOSSVM
and in “Thesaurus” (1596) Eurphorion is altogether mentioned 4 times as a
source.
Euphrada, Themistius,
4th century BC, “the Orator” was a Greek known for his oratory talents.
These were first published in Venice, 1534. His “Oratio
Ort196.21, 213.20, 214.26,
221.26;
Bk.6: 214.27;
Oration 6: 214.31.
Eupolemus (Greek: Eυπόλεμoς), 4th century BC, was one of the
generals of Cassander; he was sent by him in 314 BC to invade Caria, but was
surprised and taken prisoner by Ptolemaeus, a general who commanded that
province for Antigonus. He must have been liberated again directly, as the next
year, 313 BC, we find him commanding the forces left by Cassander in Greece,
when he moved northward against Antigonus. He is mentioned as a source in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), via Eusebius, and is
referred to three times as a source in this “Synonymia”. In “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) he is mentioned 4 times as a source, e.g. in lemmas HEZIONGABER and
HIEROSOLYMA via Eusebius.
Eupolides or Eupolis,
4th c. BC, was a Greek comedy writer and contemporary of
Aristophanes. He is mentioned once as a source in lemma ATRACES of “Thesaurus”
(1596) via Ermolao.
Euripides, 480 - 406
BC, was a Greek tragedy writer who among many other tragedies wrote “Iphigeneia
Taurica” or “Aulida”(Ort213,217; also referred to 3 times as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and in lemmas ACHILLEA, ALAS, CENTAVROPOLIS,
ECHINADES and THRONIVM; also “Heracles
Furiens”, referred to once as a source
once in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587), and 4 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). Also
“Andromache”, referred to as a source in lemma THETIDIVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596) and in lemmas MOLOSSI and THESSALIA of “Thesaurus” (1596). “Hippolytus”is
referred to one as a source in lemma PALLADIS of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596);
“Troades” (Ort231); “Phœnißis”, is referred to as a source in lemmas IVNONIS
ARA, SCISTA, SICILIA and THACI of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and in lemma DODONA
of “Thesaurus” (1596); “Oreste”is
referred to as a source in lemmas ORESTEVM and PARRHASIA of “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) and in lemmas DANAIDAE, GERÆSTVS of “Thesaurus” (1596); “Helena” is
referred to as a source in lemma PERSEI of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and in lemma
NAVPLIVM of “Thesaurus” (1596); “Supplicibus” is refereed to in lemma
CALLICHORVS of “Thesaurus” (1596);
“Hecuba”, mentioned as a source in lemmas APPIDANVS and PHTHIA of “Thesaurus”
(1596); “Medea” is mentioned as a source in lemma CYANEÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596);
“Cyclops” is mentioned in Ort224 and in lemma
LAVRIVM of “Thesaurus” (1596); “Bacchis” is mentioned in lemmas CITHÆRON,
ERYTHRÆ, HYSIÆ and TMOLVS of “Thesaurus” (1596); “Alcestis” is mentioned as a
source in lemma OTHRYS of “Thesaurus” (1596); “Electra” is mentioned as a
source in lemma TANVS of “Thesaurus” (1596). Altogether he is mentioned 15
times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587), 47 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) and
once in “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Euripides is mentioned once on
map sheet Ort224; further in texts Iphigeneia: Ort213.19, 217.31;
Troades: Ort231.23;
Cyclops: Ort224.4.
Eusebius, Pamphilius
Cæsariensis, 263 - 339 AD, of Caesarea is often called the father of church
history. He was born in Palestine and had Pamphilus as his teacher. His works
are of a theological and apologetic nature. He wrote a Chronicle “Historia
Ecclesiastica” also called “Chronicon” or “Chronicorum” which provide the
reigns in years of kings from archfather Abraham onwards
(Ort124,189,190,192,200216,222,232; also 48 times referred to as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 53 times in “Thesaurus” (1596)), published in
Strasbourg, 1475, Lyon, 1533, Basel, 1554. It is of particular importance for
the sources mentioned in it. In lemma NINIVE of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596)
Ortelius also refers to his manuscript version of the “Chronicon”, which he
judges to be superior to the printed version. Eusebius quotes in it the
anonymous “Responses patriarcharum Orientalium”, as appears from lemmas
FLAMIAS, GENABVS, MELESOBE and SOTEROPOLIS in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) often without
mentioning the author.
Further “De Præparatio Evangelica”,
Venice, 1470, Cologne, 1473, (Ort16, 190, 192,194,196,200,203,208,220,221,222),
also referred to 6 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), 17 times
in “Thesaurus” (1587), 42 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) and once in “Deorum
Dearum” (1573). In lemma MARCELLAM of “Thesaurus” (1587) Eusebius’ Tomus
Episcoporum” is mentioned as a source, whereas in the same lemma in “Thesaurus”
(1596) his “Historia Miscella” is mentioned. In lemma PORPHYRITE in “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596) and in lemma AEPY of “Thesaurus” (1596), his “Thebaidos” is
mentioned as a source. Eusebius’ “Demonstratia Evangelica” is mentioned as a
source in lemma EROGE and MAMBRE of “Thesaurus” (1596). Eusebius wrote the
Greek work “De locis Hebraicis”, translated into Latin by Saint Hieronymus.
Again, the author is often not mentioned. It is referred to as a soure in lemma
HAIALON of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius bought his “Opera”, printed in Paris,
from Plantin in 1582. Eusebius is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), and occurs 14 times in its text. That Ortelius
possessed a manuscript of Eusebius also appears in lemma TIRIANVS in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), which is mentioned as a source 3 times. Ortelius does
not refer to Eusebius’ biography of Constantine the Great. Altogether, Eusebius
is mentioned 92 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 141 times
in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort178.7, 179.7, 182.2, 182.8,
183.2, 183.8, 186.15, 196.14, 199.11, 199.52, 200.24, 200.55, 214.14, 216.17,
216.26, 219.14, 220.2, 220.5, 221.18, 221.32, 221.33, 221.37;
Histor. Eccles. Bk.9: Ort199.74,
200.66;
Magio : Ort216.17;
De Præparatio Evangelica: Ort220.9, 222.18,
Bk.1: 221.34, Bk.2: Ort208.8, 221.22, 221.42, Bk.4:
Ort194.23, 196.115, Bk.6: 16.43, 190.16, 190.53, 199.25, 199.69, 200.13,
200.52, Bk.7: Ort192.29, Bk.10: Ort203.10, Bk.16 Ort190.16;
Chronikon: Ort124.31, 189.22, 189.24, 190.70, 192.49,
216.33, 222.33, 232.23.
Eustachius of Knobelsdorf
see Knobelsdorf, Eustachius.
Eustathius, abt. 1115
– 1197, “who lends his ears to fables” became archbishop of Thessaloniki,
Greece, in 1166. He wrote comments on Dionysius Apher (Ort192; also referred to
as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and in lemmas FOCIS and PRVSA of
“Thesaurus” (1596)), on Homerus (Ortelius refers to Eustathius’ Greek “Ilias”
26 times and to his “Odyssee” 13 times in “Thesaurus” (1587), 37 times to
“Ilias” and 23 times to “Odyssee” in “Thesaurus” (1596) and 8 times to his
Ilias b in “Thesaurus” (1596) 9 times, to Ilias G once, to Ilias e once, to Ilias f once, to Ilias q and Odysseus G once), and on Xenophon, a copy of which
Ortelius bought from Plantin in 1582, dealing with history, geography, language
and mythology of Homeric epics, and also “Lycophron” (Ort189) to which Ortelius
refers twice in his “Synonymia” (1578). Also: “Reports from Ælius Pollux”
(Ort147). Eustathius quotes Athenæus (Ort214), Homerus (Ort147; also in lemmas
ASIVS, SARDIS and TAMASSVS of “Thesaurus” (1596)), Afer (Ort16,221,222),
Archilochus in lemma SAI of “Thesaurus” (1596) and Dionysius Alexandrinus
(Ort190; also in lemma MACEDONIA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), and edited
Dionysius, as stated in lemma PRVSA of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and in lemmas
CRATHIS, DATVS, PYRÆTHI and TAVRVS of “Thesaurus” (1596)). Ortelius refers in
the lemmas ARTICOME, AVLICOME, DAPHNE, EVRICOME and NIOBES of his “Thesaurus”
(1587) and in lemmas ARTICOME, AVLICOME, DAPHNI POLIM and EVRIADEM of “Thesaurus”
(1596) to Eustathius’ “Historia Ismeni fabula amatoria” which he calls
“fabulosus”. Ortelius bought Eustathius’ Greek “Epitome”, published in Basel
from Plantin in 1582. Eustathius is mentioned once in Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He is included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and occurs 99 times in its text. He is mentioned as a source
in Ortelius’ “Address to the reader” in his “Thesaurus” (1587). In this
“Thesaurus” (1587), Eustathius’ “Catalogus Navium” (from the second book of
Homerus’ “Ilias”) is mentioned 18 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587), and
10 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), often without mentioning the editor’s name.
Eustathius “Vita” is also mentioned twice as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Ortelius’ refers to “Authenticis” which was written by Eustathius 17 times in
his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 35 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) without mentioning
Eustathius’ name. Eustathius’ “Indica” is mentioned as a source in lemma SABÆ
of “Thesaurus” (1596). Altogether, Eustathius is mentioned 335 times as a
source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 413 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Eustathius is mentioned once on
map sheet Ort193. Further in map texts: Ort1.14, 2.14, 3.14, 189.23, 192.68,
204.2, 205.2, 207.10, 208.8, 209.14-16, 210.9, 211.3, 213.5, 214.25, 214.26,
214.29, 216.2, 216.17, 217.8, 217.10, 217.15, 217.17, 217.19, 217.22, 217.23,
219.2, 219.9, 221.2, 221.13;
Quoted by Dionysius 190.24;
Lycophron: Ort189.23, 190.24;
Reports from Ælius Pollux:
Ort147.22;
Quoting Athenæus: Ort214.4;
Commentaries on Dionysius Afer:
Ort3.13, 16.52, 190.65, 192.17, 192.42, 221.27, 222.30; Commentaries on Homer:
Ort147.21.
Eutropius, who died c.
378 AD, wrote “Breviarum historiæ Romanæ”, a history of Rome, beginning with
Romulus and extending to his own time, 3rd quarter of the 4th
century. It neatly met a demand among Roman citizens for a summary history of
the empire, and it enjoyed an immediate and lasting success. His work was
edited by Vinetus. Ortelius owned this work, printed in Basel,1561, as reported
by Op de Beeck and De Coster (2006). Ortelius refers to this work once as a
source in his “Synonymia” (1578) and in his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the
lemmas NERONIANÆ THERMÆ and TANNETA. Eutropius is supposed to have been a pupil
of the holy Augustinus. Eutropius is mentioned once in Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He is included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia”(1578), and occurs 12 times in its text. In his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596)
Ortelius refers to Eutropius’ “De Traiano Imp.” as a source in the lemma
BOLCORVM and to his “Lucullus” in the lemma BVCIAM,. Altogether, Eutropius is
mentioned 51 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 78 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596). Eutropius was edited by Claudianus, as appears from lemmas
DINDYMA and THYNI in “Thesaurus” (1596). From lemma LIGANA and TANNETA of
“Thesaurus” (1596) it is clear that Ortelius possessed a manuscript of
Eutropius.
Ort33.51, 115.7, 124.11, 130.3,
191.3, 192.54, 192.71, 192.82, 196.3, 199.5, 199.45, 200.16, 209.3, 212.6,
212.7, 212.15, 232.9;
Panegyricus to Emperor
Maximilianus 191.9.
Evagrius Ponticus
Scholasticus (abt. 345 - 393 AD) was a Greek who lived in Antiochia wrote about
Christian spirituality and asceticism in his “Historia Ecclesiastica”,
mentioned as a source in lemma PAPIRA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). He
is also mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578)
and occurs 3 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) Evagrius is mentioned 18
times as a source and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 42 times.
Ort182.8, 183.8.
Exuperatius, Julius,
who died in 302, was one of the saints of the city of Zürich. He is mentioned
once as a source in lemma AVXIMA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Faber, Franciscus,
1497 – 1565, from Breslau/Wroclaw wrote “Sabothus sive Silesia” (Ort103), a
description of the Zobten mountain there, and also a work of praise on Silesia
in the style of Virgilius' praise of Italy in verse.
Silesia in verse : Ort103.15.
Faber, Nicolaus, Paris
1544 – 1612, was a French humanist who edited Seneca and published his edition
in 1587. He wrote a poem for Ortelius and sent it to him in 1582 (Hessels 118).
Faber, Petrus, 1506 –
1546, was a French Jesuit who wrote “Agnosticon”, Lyon, 1592, referred to as a
source in lemma GRÆCIA of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Fabius Pictor see
Pictor, Fabius.
Fabius Rusticus see
Rusticus Fabius.
Fabius, Scipio, fl.
late 16th c., was geographer and professor in medicine in Bologna who
later moved to Rome. Ortelius visited him on one of his earliest travels to
Italy. He wrote two letters to Ortelius in 1561 and 1565 (Hessels 11,15).
Scipio Fabius is the dedicatee of Ortelius’ two sheet map of Egypt of 1565, as
gratefully acknowledged by Scipio (Hessels 15).
Fabri, Nicolaus or Nicolas Faber, fl. late 16th
c., of Vilvoorde belonged to the “Compagnie de Jésus” in 1574. He wrote a
letter with 46 lines in Latin and two lines in Greek to Ortelius in 1582
(Hessels 118).
Fabricius, David, 1564
– 1617, was a protestant priest and astronomer in Friesland who published a map
of East Friesland, Emden, 1589. He is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
the “Theatrum” from 1595 onwards.
Fabricius, Franciscus,
1510 – 1552, from Roermond was a physician who wrote about the healing waters
of Aachen. He also edited Gregorius Nazianzenus and published this work in
1550. Ortelius refers to this work once as a source in the lemma EDVRES of his
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Fabritius or
Fabricius, Georg, 1516 – 1571, of Chemnitz was dean of a grammar school in
Meissen. After having travelled extensively he wrote “Itineraria Romanum,
Neapolitanum et Patavinum, Chemnicense, Argentoratense, hexametrico carmine
scripta” 1550, to which Ortelius refers four times as a source in “Synonymia”
(1578), 7 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 6 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Further “Origines Saxonicæ”, and “Res Germaniæ magnæ et Saxoniæ universæ
memorabiles”. Further “Annales urbis Misenæ”, also called “Rerum Misnicarum” to
which Ortelius refers twice as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578), twice in his
“Thesaurus” (1587) and twice in “Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in lemma SORABOS, and
“Saxonia illustrata”. In lemma ARVNCA of “Thesaurus” (1596) Fabritius’ “Aeneid”
is mentioned as a source. In lemmas DVPLAVLIS, HÆSTÆ, TIGVRINVS and XEROLYBIA
of “Thesaurus” (1596) Fabritius’ “Poetarum Christianorum” is mentioned as a
source. In lemma PHÆDÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596), his “Decretus Romanus antiquus”
is mentioned as a source. In lemma SARNVS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Fabritius is
mentioned as quoting from the Aciatus library. In a 1579 Latin copy of the
Theatrum in the Vatican Library, Fabricius is censured as a heretic. Fabricius
is mentioned 85 times in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L), 88 times in “Synonymia” (1571L), 89 times in “Synonymia”
(1573L, 1574L, 1575L), sometimes referring to his “Itinerary”. Further in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and in the text itself,
where he occurs 35 times. In “Thesaurus” (1587) Fabritius is mentioned 46 times
as a source, and in “Thesaurus” (1596) 42 times.
Ort96.11, 104.10, 104.60,
129.17.
Fabritius or
Fabricius, Paulus,1519 – 1588, was an astronomer, physician, cartographer and
professor of mathematics in Vienna. He published a map of Moravia in Vienna,
1569, which was used by Ortelius for his Moravia map (Ort104); Fabritius and his Moravia map are
included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” from 1571 onwards.
Fabritius is mentioned in the cartouche of
Ortelius’ Moravia map, Ort104 as its maker.
Facellus see Fazellus.
Facius, or Fazio, or Facio, Bartolomeo, abt. 1400 – 1457, of Genoa wrote
“De viris illustribus” mentioned twice as a source in lemmas GAVRVS, QVIRITIVM,
VIÆ and VOLSINIVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) without mentioning the author’s name,
and “De humanae vitae Felicitate Liber”,
printed in Hanovia, 1611. He edited Arrianus in Latin, which is
mentioned once in lemma TAVRVNVM in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and again in
lemma TAVRVNVM of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596). Altogether he is mentioned once as
a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 5 times in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort126.11.
Facius, Hubertus, 15th c., was a Flemish
painter and author who wrote “Descriptio Italiæ”, mentioned as a source in
lemma VERESIS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Facundus of
Hermiane, 6th century, was a Christian author, and bishop of
Hermiane in Africa. About his career little is known. His place in history is
due entirely to the opposition which he offered to the condemnation (by the edict
of Justinianus in 543 or 544) of the "Three Chapters". At the
instance of Theodorus Ascidas, and with the ostensible purpose of reuniting to
the church the Acephali, a sect of Monophysites, Justinianus was induced to
censure the "Three Chapters". Facundus was in Constantinople when
this censure was pronounced, and shortly after its publication he and several
other western bishops refused to subscribe to the decree, alleging that it was
an attack on the Council of Chalcedon. Facundus also drew up a memorial in
protest, but was prevented from presenting it by the arrival of Pope Vigilius.
The conduct of the pontiff and his acquiescence in the condemnation of the
"Three Chapters" spurred Facundus to complete this work, which he
entitled “Pro Defensione Trium
Capitulorum”. He is mentioned twice as a source in lemma ERMIANENSIS of
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Fadrique Furio y
Ceriol see Caeriolanus.
Faernus, Gabriel, fl.
late 16th c., was an Italian embematist who wrote “Fabulae Centum”
in 1564. Ortelius bought a copy of it from Plantin in 1566. Ortelius refers to
this work in the preface of “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Fagotius, Theobald,
fl. late 16th c., of Bourges, France wrote about this city. He is
mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578) and occurs once in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) he also occurs
once in the text as a source.
Ort39.2.
Falconius, Benedictus,
16th c.? is an Italian author who wrote “Napoli”, as indicated in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemmas ACHERVSIA, and PAVSILYPVM.
Altogether he is mentioned 6 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 7
times in Thesaurus (1596).
Falkenburgius,
Gerardus or Gerard Falkenberg from Nijmegen, 1538 - 1578) was a lawyer and
philologist who travelled through Italy, England and the Low Countries. He
contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (f. 61vo, September 14, 1575), and
published a laudatory poem in Greek in
the Theatrum editions 1575L, 1579L(AB), 1584L, 1592L, 1595L, 1601L beginning
“Eipe ti ..” and ending “… kaleoi kai neokosmogonon”.
Farnesius, Henricus or
Henri Du Four, late 16th c., was a Belgian author from Liège who
wrote “De simulacro reipubica”, published in 1593. Ortelius refers to this work
once in lemma TICINVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) as a source.
Faroldus, Julius, 8th
c.? was an Italian author who wrote in the Longobardian language. His only work
known is “Annales Veneti”. Ortelius refers to him as a source in the lemma
EQVILIVM of his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) and in lemma METHAMAVCVM of “Thesaurus”
(1596). Altogether, he is mentioned 3 times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Faunus, Lucius, 16th
century, from Italy wrote “Della antichità della Città di Roma” published in
Rome in 1540.
Ort129.17.
Favolius or Favoli or Favolia, Joannes Baptista, fl. late 16th
c., lived in Middelburg, Zeeland and wrote two letters to Ortelius in 1592 and
1593 (Hessels 224,232). His name was used for one of the cities on the Utopia
map as “Favolia” after his own insistence.
Favolius, Hugo,
brother of Joannes, Middelburg 1523 – Antwerp 1585, was a physician and Latin
poet, doctor and traveller. He studied in Padua, Italy and returned to Antwerp
as a doctor. He made a Latin translation of the Ortelius-Galle Epitome in 1585.
He also wrote “Hodœporicum Byzantium” (Ort146, 149,168,169) to which Ortelius
refers 4 times as a source once in his “Synonymia” (1578), 4 times in his
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 4 times in “Thesaurus” (1596). Ortelius quotes him in
the cartouche of the early and late map Belgii Veteris (Ort197,198). Favolius
is mentioned 59 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L, 1571L,
1573L, 1574L, 1575L), in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578), and 16 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned as a
source 16 times and in Thesaurus” (1596) 15 times. He contributed to Ortelius’
“Album Amicorum” (ff. 105 v, 106, April 22, 1574).
Quoted by Ortelius in the
cartouche of Belgii Veteris, (Ort197,198); further in map text: Ort224.46;
Hodœporicum Byzantium: Ort146.14, 149.15, 149.24, 168.8, 169.16.
Favorinus of
Arelata, ca. 80 – 160 AD, was a Hellenistic sophist and philosopher who
flourished during the reign of Hadrianus. He was of Gaulish ancestry, born in
Arelate (Arles). He is described as a hermaphrodite
(ανδροθηλυς) by birth. He
received an exquisite education, first in Gallia Narbonensis and then in Rome,
and at an early age began his lifelong travels through Greece, Italy and the
East. His extensive knowledge, combined with great oratorical powers, raised
him to eminence both in Athens and in Rome. With Plutarchus, with Herodes
Atticus, to whom he bequeathed his library at Rome, with Demetrius the Cynic,
Cornelius Fronto, Aulus Gellius, and with Hadrianus himself, he lived on
intimate terms; his great rival, whom he violently attacked in his later years,
was Polemon of Smyrna. Of the very numerous works of Favorinus we possess only
a few fragments, preserved by Aulus Gellius, Diogenes Laërtius, Philostratus,
and in the “Suda Laropia” [miscellaneous history] and
his memoirs. As a philosopher, he belonged to the sceptical school; his most
important work in this connection appears to have been the “Pyrrhonean Tropes” in ten books, in
which he endeavours to show that the methods of Pyrrho were useful to those who
intended to practise in the law courts. Ortelius refers to Favorinus as a
source twice in his “Synonymia” (1578), twice in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and
once in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Fayanus, Ioannes or Jean Fayen, 1530 - 1616, a physician, published a map
of Limousin in the Théatre François of Bouguereau in 1594, which was used by
Ortelius (Meurer p. 143). He and his Limousin map are included in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1601 onwards.
Fayanus, Ioannes is mentioned in
the cartouche of the Lemovicum map as its maker, Ort43b
Fayen see Fayanus.
Fazellus or Facellus, Thomas, 1498 – 1570, of Sicily, Italy, wrote a
history of Sicily “De rebus Siculis decades II” (Ort176; also referred to twice
as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), in lemmas ALPHEIVS and GIGANTES
and once in “Deorum Dearum” (1573), Palermo 1558, Frankfurt 1579, after the
example of Blondus. Ortelius refers to this work, and also to his “Decadis” as
sources in his “Synonymia” (1578). Fazellus is mentioned 143 times as a source
in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L), 179 times in “Synonymia” (1571L), 186 times
in “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L), in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’
“Synonymia” (1578) and 130 times in its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is
mentioned 153 times as a source and in “Thesaurus” (1596) .
Ort141.5, 141.10, 141.20,
141.25;
History of Sicily Bk.6 Ch.1:
Ort176.10.
Fentius, Tobias
(unidentified) is an author who wrote epitaphs in a book called “De
monumentorum” which is quoted in 5 lines in lemma SABARIA of “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596).
Ferdinand Alarcon see
Alarcon Ferdinand.
Ferdinand Lopez de
Castanheda see Lopez de Castanheda.
Ferdinandus
Alarchonius, see Alarchonius, Fernandus.
Fernandes see
Fernandez Diego.
Fernandez, Iacobus
Diego, 16th century, was a Portuguese pilot and cartographer in
service of the English, born on the Açores, who made a manuscript map of the
Americas in 1580.
Ort15.6, 15.32.
Ferrara, Council or Synod,
first held in Basel then Ferrara after its transfer to Ferrara was decreed by
Pope Eugene IV, to convene in 1438. The council was again transferred to
Florence in 1439 because of the danger of plague at Ferrara, and because the
city of Florence had agreed, against future payment, to finance the Council.
Ortelius refers to this synod as a source in lemma XANTHOPOLIS of “Thesaurus”
(1596).
Ferraris, Antonio de,
1444 - 1517, was a physician of Southern Italy who is mentioned in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1595 onwards as the maker of
various manuscript maps which have not survived.
Ferrerius, 16th
century, from Piemont, Italy expanded the Scottish history written by Boëthius
and published it in Paris, 1574. See further under Boëthius.
Ferron, Arnoul, 1515 –
1563, was a member of Parliament in Bordaux, France, who continued the work
begun by Æmilius called “De rebus gestis Gallorum libri IX” (Ort44,45), Paris
1550. Earlier, he wrote “In consuetudines Burdigalensium commentariorum libri II”
Lyon 1540, probably unknown to Ortelius.
The French History of Paulus
Æmilius: Ort44.4, 45.4.
Ferronius see Ferron.
Festus, Rufus Avienus,
see Rufus Festus Avienus.
Fiacrus, Saint, 3rd
c.?, was a monk whose “Life” was described by Sulpicius Severus. This “Life” is
mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma
BRODOLIVM.
Fidlerus, Felix who
died in 1553 was a German poet known for his “Eclogue”, perhaps also called
“Carmen eliagicus fluminorum Germanorum”, to which Ortelius refers once as a
source in lemma CHRONVS in his “Synonymia” (1578). He is also mentioned as a
source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578). In lemma
CHRONVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Fidlerus and his “Carmen” is again mentioned
as a source. He also wrote “De Eclipsi Lvnae, Qvae Conspecta Est Anno M.D.LI.
Die vigesima Februarij” (1551).
Finæus see Fineus.
Finé see Fineus.
Fineus, Orontius, 1494
– 1555, from Briançon, France (Ort181) studied mathematics and philosophy and
became a teacher at the Collège de France in Paris. He published “Tractatus de
sphæræ” Paris, 1516, Protomathis” Paris, 1532, “De cosmographia sive mundi
sphæra Libri V” Paris, 1532 and “Le sphère du monde” Paris, 1551. He also
designed a world map Paris, 1530, which was used by Mercator, a map of France,
Paris, 1538, to which Ortelius refers six times as a source in his “Synonymia”
(1578), 5 times in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and 6 times in “Thesaurus” (1596),
e.g. in lemmas BIBRACTE, CARNVTES, GARITES, TARBELLA and VELLAVNII, and a map
of Brittannia, referred to as a source in lemma RHEDONES of “Thesaurus” (1596)
and finally a Holy Land map (1534) of which no copy has survived. He also wrote
“De Horlogijs” a copy of which was bought by Ortelius from Plantin in 1578. He
and his maps of France, the World in the form of a heart, is included in the
“Catalogus Auctorum” from 1570 onwards. Fineus is mentioned once as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1570L, 1571L), 19
times in “Synonymia” (1573L, 1574L, 1575L). He is included in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and occurs 16 times in its text. In
“Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 16 times as a source, and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) again 16 times.
Ort181.2.
Fioravanti,
Christoforo, 15th century, was an Italian traveller who wrote a text
about a shipwreck.
Ort12.24, 12.48, 160.17.
Firmicus, Maternus
Julius, 4th century AD, was a Roman Christian author who wrote “De
errore profanum religionum”. He also wrote “De nativitatibus”, also known as
“Mathesis”, which presents popular Roman traditions and sets out a practical
astrological method, citing Hermes, Orpheus, Abraham and Æsculapius as sources. This work is
once referred to as a source in lemma SERVILIVS of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,
1596). In lemma CAMPANIA FELIX of “Thesaurus” (1596), Firmicus’
“”Astronomicorum” is mentioned as a source. Firmicus’ work ranks as the most
comprehensive textbook of astronomy/astrology in ancient times. He also wrote a
“Tractate” (Ort19). He occurs once as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578),
4 times in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 8 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in lemmas
OCEANVS ATLANTICVS and PALICI.
Ort19.10b, 193.13, 196.47,
204.6, 205.6, 211.11, 218.8, 218.27, 222.40;
Tractate: Ort19.17.
Flaccus, Calpurnius,
also Calpurnius Flaccus, first century AD, was a Roman writer who may have been
in the circle of Plinius the Younger. He wrote declamations and is quoted once
as a source in lemma LYRCIA of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 15 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596), e.g. in lemma ROMANI.
Ort193.13, 200.36.
Flaccus, Quintus
Fulvius, 237 - 173 BC, was a Roman statesman, military leader and consul. He is
twice mentioned as a source in lemmas MANLIANVM and MOESIA of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596), altogether 6 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) and once in
“Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Ort193.53.
Flaccus, Siculus, 1st
century AD, was a Roman who wrote a guide for land surveyors. He is mentioned 3
times as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596), e.g in lemma ISAVRVS.
Mentioned once on the mapsheet
Ort192;
Ort229.3.
Flaccus, Valerius see Valerius Flaccus.
Flacius Illyricus, Matthias in Latin; in Croatian: Matija
Vlačić Ilirik, in German: Matthias Flach), 3 March 1520 – 11 March 1575,
was a Lutheran reformer from Istria, present day Croatia. Ortelius was proud to
possess a rare book edited by Flacius, as appears from letters Ortelius wrote
to Vulcanus (Cod Vulc 105 III, dated 22.8.1597)
Flavius Arrianus, see
Arrianus Flavius.
Flavius Campanus see
Campanus, Flavius.
Flavius Charisius
Sosipater see Sosipater.
Flavius Josephus see
Josephus Flavius.
Flavius Vopiscus see
Vopiscus, Flavius.
Fleckius, Georgius or
Georg Fleck, fl. late 16th c., taught theology in Tübingen and later
became ecclesiastical inspector in Urach for Frederick, duke of Würtemberg,
Germany. He wrote Ortelius in 1594 (Hessels 252), and ordered a coloured copy
of the Theatrum in 1595 (Hessels 276).
Flemingus, Arnoldus or
Arnold Fleming, Antwerp 1573 - Antwerp 1640, son of Jan Fleming, abandoned his
position as councillor of the king and joined the brotherhood of Jesus in
Madrid. Plantin dedicated “Vertumnus” (1580), a work by Becanus, to him. He
contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (f.119 v., April 30, 1595).
Floardus of Froardus or Frodoardus of Reims,
Floriacensis, Hugo or Hugh of Fleury or Hugo a
Santa Maria who died not before 1118 was a French Benedictine monk and
ecclesiastical writer. He is known only by his works. In 1109 he compiled an
ecclesiastical history in four volumes, up to the death of Charles the Great,
814. He also wrote a chronicle of the kings of France (“Historia regum francorum monasterii Sancti Dionysii”) from
Pharamond, the legendary first king, to the death of Philip I of France in
1108. Ortelius refers to him 7 times as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587),
e.g. in the lemma CAPRARIA and CASSINOGILVM. In lemmas CANTILLENSIS,
DASTAGERED, LECENNA and TANNETA of “Thesaurus” (1596), Ortelius refers to his
manuscript by Floriacensis. Altogether, Floriacus is mentioned 18 times as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Florian d’Ocampo see
Ocampo Florian d’.
Florianus, Johannes or
Jan Bloemmaerts, 1522 - 1585, not to be confused with Florianus Ocampo, was a
teacher from Antwerp, living in Friesland. He drew a manuscript map of
East-Friesland which was the source of Ortelius map of East Frisia (Ort82,83).
He translated the description of Africa written by Leo Africanus “Ioannis
Leonis Africani De totius Africæ Descriptione Lib. IX” and published it in
Antwerp, 1556. Florianus and his East Frisia map are included in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” from 1579 onwards. He mentioned once as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the East Friesland map as its maker, Ort82;
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the first East Frisia map as its maker, Ort83.
Florus Lucius Iulius
Ænnæus, 2nd century, wrote a history of Rome “Lucii Ænnæi Flori:
Rerum Romanorum ex tota Historia Titi Livii Epitome” which was first published
by Gaguin at the Sorbonne, Paris in 1471. Ortelius refers to it as once a
source in his “Synonymia” (1578), in his “Thesaurus” (1587) and in lemma LIMÆA
of “Thesaurus” (1596). In lemma MOSVLA of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers to
Florus’ “De bello Gallico” as a source. Other publishers and annotators of
Florus’ works were Beroaldus, Sabellicus, Cuspinianus, Camers (“Annotationum in
Lucium Florum Libellus”), Vienna, 1511, Vinetus, Plantin, Antwerp, 1567 (of
which Ortelius bought a copy in 1579) and Janus Gruterus, Heidelberg, 1597.
From lemma VINDIVS of “Thesaurus” (1596) it is clear that Ortelius had various
copies of Florus. Florus is mentioned once as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1570L, 1571L, 1573L, 1574L, 1575L) and further in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
his “Synonymia” (1578). He occurs in its text 21 times. In Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 69 times as a source, in “Thesaurus” (1596)
92 times and in “Deorum Dearum” (1573) twice.
Florus is mentioned once on map
sheet Ort209. Further in texts Ort48.13, 48.21, 49.7, 49.17, 49.29, 63.2,
186.23, 193.2, 193.14, 193.18, 193.27, 193.54, 196.48, 196.49, 196.51, 196.53,
196.107, 200.22, 203.4, 203.22, 203.30, 207.10, 208.8, 212.9, 212.22, 216.5,
217.11;
Bk.3: Ort197.18, 198.18, 200.73.
Florus, Paulus Lyrus
lived in Roman times and is one of the sources used by Orosius.
Ort214.10, 214.32.
Foglietta Uberto or
Oberto or Hubertus Iustinianus,1518 - 1581, was a lawyer and historiographer
from Genoa, Italy who wrote a history of Genoa called “Historiæ Genuensium
libri XII” published by his brother in Genoa in 1585. He also wrote “Brumanum”
(Ort139) which discusses the city and surroundings of Naples. He is mentioned
as a source in lemmas LIGVRIA, MARTIS and VTICAof “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort125.10, 126.11;
Brumanum : Ort139.6.
Folietta see
Foglietta.
Fontana, Bartholomæo
Bertoldi, 15th c., was an Italian author who wrote an “Itinerario”
in Italian, referred to once as a source in lemma FORVM ALIENI of Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587, 1596).
Fontanus, Jacobus,
early 16th c., was a Belgian author who published “De bello Rhodio
libri tres Clementi VII”. Ortelius owned this book, as reported by Op de Beeck
and De Coster, (2006).
Fonteius, Baptist, fl.
late 16th c., was an Austrian scholar who wrote “Commentaries” which
were in turn commented on by Julius Jacobonius (Ort196). He is mentioned 3
times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), e.g. in the lemma
AMITERNVM referring to his “Caesia Familia”, and in the lemma CÆSIVS, referring
to his “De Cæsia Gente”, of which a copy has survived with Ortelius’ name in
it, as reported by Op de Beeck and De Coster (2006).
Commentaries, commented on by Iulius
Iacobonius: Ort196.117.
Forcatulus, Stephanus
or Forcadel, Etienne, 1514 – 1573, was a French lawyer who wrote “Polonia felix
Henrico Franco Valesio regnante” and “Necyomantia Iurisperti”, Lyon, 1544.
Forculatus is mentioned as a source in lemmas DRYNÆMETVM, FLVENTIA and TROCMI
of “Thesaurus” (1596), in the second lemma referring to his “De Gallorum
Imperio” and his “Philosophia”.
Fornerius, Guilelmus
Parisius, fl. late 16th c., was a Frenchman who edited Cassiodorus
in “Magni Aurelii Cassiodori Variarum Libri XII” which was published in Paris
in 1579 and again in 1583. Ortelius refers to Fornerius twice as a source in
his “Thesaurus” (1587), e.g. in the lemma BORMIÆ and 4 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596), e.g. in lemma VNARNORVM.
Fortunatianus,
Chirius, 4th c., was a Roman author who wrote “Ars Rhetorica”. In
Hessels (145) Camden asks Ortelius if Fortunatianus has anything on Britain.
Fortunatus, Pomponius
Laetus see Pomponius Laetus.
Fortunatus, Venantius,
535 - about 610, was a late Roman Christian poet who studied in Ravenna and
settled in Poitiers. He was ordained as a priest and became the head of a
nunnery, and later bishop of Poitiers. He wrote poetry and hymns, and described
the Life of St. Martinus, referred to as a source in lemma ANDETHANNALIS, CENEDA
and VINDO of “Thesaurus” (1596). Ortelius refers to his work “Ad Gogonem” as a
source in his “Synonymia” (1578) and in his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the
lemma SALA,. Fortunatus is also mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578). He occurs 4 times in its text, including a lemma
where his “Poemata de Navigio” is mentioned as a source. In his “Thesaurus”
(1587) where he is altogether mentioned 17 times, Ortelius refers to his “Vita
St. Germani”(also mentioned as a source in lemma ALISIVM of “Thesaurus”
(1596)). “Ad Placidium” “De partis Virginis”, “De æternæ vitæ gaudiis” “Poemata
de Navigio” (also mentioned as a source in “Thesaurus” (1596) “Vita Hilarij”
(twice in “Thesaurus” (1587), also in lemmas SOLENCENSIVM, TEGIACVM and
TONACIACVM of “Thesaurus” (1596)) and “Vita Medardi” (also in “Thesaurus”
(1596)) as sources. Altogether, Fortunatus is mentioned 23 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596).
Ort209.14.
Fracastorius,
Hieronymus or Girolamo Fracastorio, 1483 – 1533, from Verona was a physician,
poet, and friend of Ramusio. In his letters to Ramusio he writes about the
nature of the Nile floods. These letters were familiar to Ortelius (Ort8).
Letters: Ort8.15.
Fracastorio see
Fracastorius.
Franck, Sebastian, mid
16th c., was a writer regarded as heretical by all denominations in
the Low Countries. His “Paradoxes” are referred to as a source by Ortelius in
his letters of 1592 (Hessels 212,214) to Jacob Cools.
Franciscus Ullaus or
Ulloa see Ulloa Franciscus.
Franciscus Paciecus
see Pacheco, Frans.
Franciscus
Raphelengius see Raphelengius Franciscus.
Franciscus Taraffa see
Taraffa Franciscus.
Franciscus Vasquez see
Vasquez, Franciscus.
Franciscus Xerez see
Xerez Franciscus.
François, Isaac or Ysaacus Francus,1566 - 1649, an architect and road
inspector of Tours contributed a map of Touraine to Bouguereau's Théatre
François in 1594 which was used by Ortelius (Ort42). He and his map of Tours
are included in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of 1601.
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the Touraine map as its maker Ort42.
“Francorum Annales” of
749 is an anonymous manuscript. The Royal Frankish Annals, formerly known as
“Annales Laurissenses maiores”
are annals covering the history of early Carolingian monarchs from 741 to 829.
Their composition seems to have soon been taken up at court, providing them
with markedly official character. They are mentioned twice as a source in
lemmas SALETIO and SORABOS of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 7 times, e.g. in
lemmas ABOTRITI, ARMORICÆ, CRVCINIACVM and GVDVSCANI of “Thesaurus” (1596) as
“Libellulum Francorum veteris historiae”, written by monks of the Benedictine
order.
Freculphus or
Freculphius, also known as Lexoviensis
or of Lisieux who died in 854
was a Frankish bishop of Lisieux, between 825 and 851, now known for his
“Chronicorum” or “Chronicle”, which is a source of information about the
conversion of Gaul and Frankish history. “Chronicorum was first published in
Cologne in 1539. Freculphus is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and occurs 3 times in its text. In
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 4 times as a source and in
“Thesaurus” (1596) 15 times.
Frederick the second,
1534 - 1588, King of the Danes, Norwegians and Goths is the person to whom the
Iceland map has been dedicated (Ort161).
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the Iceland map as its dedicatee, Ort161.
Fredericus Furius
Seriolanus see Furius Fredericus Seriolanus.
Fredoardus or
Frodoardus, 894 – 966, of Reims, France, was an author who wrote “Annales” and
a history of the church of Reims. He is mentioned as a source in lemmas
CVRIOSOLITÆ and TABERNÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Fregoso, Federigo,
1480 – 1541, of Genoa was a humanist cardinal who wrote edifying works and
whose letters are in the collections of Bembo and Baldassare Castiglione.
Ort124.11
Freherus, Marquardus
Friedrich, Augsburg 1565 – Heidelberg 1614, professor of law in Heidelberg,
friend of Velser, Gruterus and Leunclavius, met Colius when he was travelling
to Italy. Freher was very interested in old coins and wrote a book about money,
“De Re Monetaria” which was published in 1605. He wrote Ortelius a letter about
coins in 1597 (Hessels 313).
Frethag or Freitag,
Arnold, Emmerich 1560 – 1614, was a German physician and professor of Helmstedt
who wrote a letter to Ortelius in 1580, (Hessels 98) with the story of the Pied
Piper of Hameln, Germany, described on the map text of Braunschweig (Ort99a).
He wrote more letters in 1581 & 1583 (Hessels 109, 128). He contributed to
Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (ff.79v-80, January 13, 1577).
Letter to Ortelius: Ort99.8,
99.11.
Frethagius see
Frethag.
Friccius, Clemens,
Magdeburg ca. 1530 – Danzig 1589, Polish priest, poet and professor in Dantzig,
wrote a letter to Ortelius in 1580 (Hessels 94) ordering a Theatrum copy.
Friedlieb see
Irenicus.
Fries, Laurent or
Frisius, c. 1490 - c. 1531, was a physician in Alsace who made a chart of the
world, Strasbourg, 1525. He and his chart of the world are first mentioned in
the “Catalogus Auctorum” of the “Theatrum” of 1570. Ortelius did not use it.
Frischlinus or
Frischlin, Philippus Nicodemus, 22 September 1547 – 29 November 1590, was a
German philologist, poet, playwright, mathematician, and astronomer, born at
Erzingen, today part of Balingen in Württemberg. He wrote “”De Astronomica”,
Frankfurt, 1586, “Julius Revivius”, Speyer, 1585, and “Nomenclator trilinguis,
graeco, Latino, germanicus”, Frankfurt, 1594. His “Ad quitum hymnum Callimachi”
is mentioned as a source in lemma PINDVS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Frisingensis or
Frising, Otto, who died in 1158,was bishop of Freising, Germany, and wrote a
work called “De Gestis Frederici I”, to which Ortelius refers as a source in
his “Synonymia” (1578) and in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in lemma APENNINVS.
Altogether he is 10 times mentioned in “Synonymia” (1578). In Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587) he is mentioned 11 times as a source and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) 19 times.
Frisius, Johannes
Jacob, 1547 – 1611, was a Swiss philosopher who wrote “Bibliotheca
philosophorum classicorum auctorum chronologica”, a history of philosophers
from the creation of the world to 1540, presented chronologically with a bio-
and bibliographical index, the first work of this kind, published in Zürich in
1592. Ortelius bought a copy of this work in the same year from Plantin.
Frisius,
Regnier Gemma see Gemma Frisius.
Frisius, Rodolphus or Roelof Huysman, 1444 – 1485, from Baflo near
Groningen spent most of his life in Italy. He wrote “De inventione dialectica
libri tres”,Cologne, 1515, “Obediences to the Pope”, 1484, “Life of Petrarca”
and an academic oration “De Philosophiae Laudibus” 1476.
Ort81.5, 191.3, 191.7.
Frobenius or Froben,
Hieronymus,
1501 – 1563, was a famous pioneering printer in Basel and the eldest son of
Johann Froben. He was educated at the University of Basel and travelled widely
in Europe. He, his father and his brother-in-law Nicolaus Episcopius were noted
for their working friendship with Erasmus and for making Basel an important
center of Renaissance printing. Their editions include the first Latin edition
of Georgius Agricola's “De Re
Metallica” in 1556, and some of them incorporate artwork by Hans Holbein
the Younger. Frobenius edited Ammianus Marcellinus, as indicated in lemma
SEBVSIANI of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Ortelius refers twice to his “Codices”
and once to his “Codex Marcellini” as a source in his “Synonymia” (1578) in the
lemma SCALDIS, and 4 times in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), e.g. in in
lemmas PSEVDOPOLIS, SCALDIS and SEBVSIANI.
Frobisher, Martin, 1535 – 1594, was an explorer who reported his
discoveries in the Far East. Ortelius bought a book by Frobisher called
“Enarratio” from Plantin in 1580.
Frodoardus see Fredoardus.
Frontinus, Sextus Iulius, 35 – 103, of Sicily was a consul who wrote
“Strategemata”, printed in Rome, 1487 (Ort200; also mentioned 14 times as a
source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 17 times in “Thesaurus” (1596) as
edited by Nansius in manuscript). In lemma ATHENÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596)
Frontinus is mentioned as a the author of “Liber Coloniarum”, which was sent by
Schottus to Ortelius in 1585 (Hessels 147). In lemmas AVGVSTINI and MVTELA
Frontinus is mentioned as the author of “Liber De Limitibus Agrorum” and again
in lemma INTERAMNIA and LEMONIVS , where it is indicated that this was
consulted as a manuscript by Nansius. In lemmas LVCVLLANVM, OCTAVIANVS,
PALLANTIS, PVBLICII, PVPVLA and TREBA of “Thesaurus” (1596) and also in “Deorum
Dearum” (1573) Frontinus’ “Aquaeductes” is mentioned as a source. Frontinus’
“De Coloniis” was commented on by Celsius Cittadinus. Lheureux sent a copy of
these comments to Ortelius in 1597 (Hessels 310). Frontinus is mentioned 4
times as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), 97 times in his “Thesaurus”
(1587) of which 4 refer to his “”De limitibus/mensuris agrorum”, and 128 times
in “Thesaurus” (1596). See also Liber de Limitibus and Liber Coloniarum.
Ort200.18
Fruterus, Lucas, Brugge 1541 – Paris 1566, was a Flemish classical
scholar who wrote “Librorum qui recuperari potuerunt reliqua”, published by
Janus Dousa, Leiden, 1583. Ortelius bought a copy from Plantijn in the same
year.
Fulgentius of Ruspe, Saint, Thelepte, 462 or 467
- 1 January 527 or 533, was bishop of the city of Ruspe, North Africa, in the 5th
and 6th century, canonized as a Christian saint. He was born into a
noble family of Carthago, which had been cut off from the Roman Empire some
thirty years earlier by the Vandals. His anonymous “Vita” is referred to 3
times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Fulvius, Andrea,c. 1470 – 1527, who also called himself Antiquarius
Sabinus wrote a history of Rome, initially in he form of a poem, which he
submitted to Pope Leo in 1513. The Pope recommended to Fulvius to rewrite it in
prose, which he did. The work was published in 1527. He also published a book
on coins, not mentioned by Ortelius. He is quoted by Smetius (Ort206).
Ort129.17;
Quoted by Smetius: Ort206.20.
Fulvius Ursinus, 1529 – 1600, was an Italian humanist and protégé of
Cardinal Granvelle. With the latter Plantin maintained close relations.
Gambara, ca. 1496 - 1586, another Italian humanist and protégé of cardinal
Alexander Farnese, was introduced to Plantin by Fulvius Ursinus with the
support of Granvelle. Plantin published a number of works by both authors.
Fulvius published on Roman coins, particularly consular ones in “Familiae
Romanae quae reperiuntur in antiquis numismatibus ab urbe condita ad tempora
divi Augusti”, Rome, 1556,1577, mentioned in Hessels (149) and referred to as a
source in lemmas LOLLIANI, TVSCVLVM and VISENTVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) and also
in “Deorum Dearum” (1573). Ortelius’ copy of this book, autographed, is now in
the Plantin-Moretus museum, as reported by Op de Beeck and De Coster (2006).
Ortelius refers to this work as a source in the preface of “Deorum Dearum”
(1573), twice in its text and also in a letter (Hessels 149) to his nephew
Jacon Cools. Fulvius commented on Sallustius’, also mentioned as a source in
“Thesaurus” (1587) and on Suetonius’ “Vespasianus”, as indicated in lemma
FERENTVM of “Thesaurus” (1596). Further “Bellum Iugurthinum”, Antwerp, Belgium,
1595. Ortelius bought a copy of his “Notæ ad Ciceronem” from Plantin in 1581,
referred to as a source in lemma FVRINÆ of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), also just
as “Notas”, mentioned in lemma SABINI of “Thesaurus” (1596). Fulvius also
published “Carmina novem illustrium feminarum”, Plantin, 1568. Ortelius bought
a copy of this work from Plantin in 1593. Fulvius also wrote “Emendationes”,
mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and in “Thesaurus”
(1587,1596) in the lemma VATVCA. Fulvius also wrote “Fragmenta Appiani” as
mentioned in lemma ABRVS of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Fulvius also wrote
“Imagines virorum illustrium”, referred to as a source in lemma HISTONIVM of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Fulvius quotes Caesar’s “De bello Gallico” in lemmas ARTOMICI, RHVTANI, and
VOLCEIVM, and Cæsar’s “Comments” in manuscript in lemma ICCIVS of “Thesaurus”
(1596). In lemma IANVVIVM of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ursinus’ “De Familiis” is
mentioned twice as a source. Fulvius is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum”
of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and 14 times in its text. In Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587) he is altogether mentioned 25 times as a source, in “Thesaurus” (1596)
58 times and in “Deorum Dearum” (1573) 3 times. Sweertius in his “Lacrymae”
calls Fulvius Ursinus “a close Italian friend of Ortelius”.
Ort129.17, 196.117.
Furius Fredericus Cæriolanus or Fadrique Furio y Ceriol, Valencia 1532 -
Valladolid 1592, of Spain was a humanist and advisor of Philip II who studied
in Paris and who spent some time in Leuven, Belgium, and possibly also in
Antwerp. He wrote “Rhetorica”, Louvain, 1544, and “Del Consejo y Consejero”,
Antwerp, 1559, and possibly provided Ortelius with information about Valencia.
He contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” , (f. 66 v. 1575).
Ort10.27, 11.30, 29.8, 30.10.
Fusch, Remacle, 16th century,
of Limburg wrote a treatise on the Spanish sickness, published in 1541.
Ort67.4, 67.5.
Gabius, Baptista Ioannes,16th c., was an Italian author who
wrote “In Ezechielem Prophetam Commentarius”, published in Rome by Manutius,
1563. He also edited and published Curopalates, Venice, 1570; he is mentioned
as a source e.g. in lemmas THERMITZA and ZETVNIM of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587,1598) and in lemmas LIMNITÆ, LOBITZVM, PLATIA, SCELOS, STVMPIVM, SYLÆVS,
TMORVS and TOPLITZVM of “Thesaurus” (1596). Gabius is mentioned as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) 17 times. Ortelius refers to Gabius’ Curopalates
10 times as a source in his “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and Gabius is altogether
mentioned 21 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) and 34 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596).
Gabriel Barrius Franciscanus see Barrio, Gabriel.
Gadner, Georg, 1522 – 1605, was a lawyer at the court of Würtemberg who
made a manuscript map of Würtemberg, 1572,used by Ortelius (Ort113). He and his
Würtemberg map are mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” from 1575 onwards.
Gaguin, Robert, 1433 – 1501, of Paris commented on works by Cæsar in
French, published in Paris in 1539, and also on the work of Florus called
“Lucii Ænnæi Flori: De tota Historia Titi Livii Epitome” published in 1471 at
the Sorbonne, Paris. His best known work is a French history to which Ortelius
probably refers (Ort37), called “Compendium de origine et gestis Francorum”,
first published in 1495, and regularly revised until the end of his life. By
the end of the 16th century it had run through 20 editions, and by
1514 seven translations had been published. Ortelius also refers to his book
“Sarmatica” (Ort158). Gaguin is mentioned as a source in the “Catalogus
Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578), and twice in its text. In Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Gaguin is mentioned as a source 5 times.
Normandy Bk.7: Ort37.3, 37.5;
Sarmatica Ort158.7.
Gaguinus see Gaguin.
Gaius Julius Solinus see Solinus Gaius Julius.
Galatæus Antonius,1444 – 1517, was a physician who wrote about
geography, e.g. “De situ Iapygiæ” (Ort121,140; also referred to one as a source
in “Synonymia” (1578), twice in “Thesaurus” (1587) and 3 times in “Thesaurus”
(1596), published in Basel 1558. Further “Descriptio urbis Gallipolis”, “De situ elementorum,
de situ terrarum, de mari et aquis et fluviorum origine”, Basel 1558. He is mentioned as a
source in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578) and twice in
its text. In “Thesaurus” (1587) he is 4
times mentioned as a source. In lemma TARAS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius
calls him “mihi fide dignus” [worthy of my faith]. He is mentioned 14 times as
a source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Ort139.10, 210.16, 210.17;
Treatise on Iapygia: Ort121.10,
121.16, 140.2, 140.8.
Galatinus, Petrus, 16th c., was the author of “De Arcanis
Catholicae Veritas”, published in Basel in 1561. He is mentioned once as a
source in “Thesaurus” (1596).
Galenus, abt. 129-199 AD, the “Prince of Physicians” was a prominent
physician whose ideas were regarded as infallible until the publication of
Vesalius’ “De corporis humani fabrica, 1534. Galenus wrote “De Medicam
Simplic.” (Ort149,193,216; also referred to twice as a source in Ortelius’
“Thesaurus” (1587) and 4 times in “Thesaurus” (1596), further “De medicinis
expertis” (Ort229; also mentioned as a source in lemma TABIÆ and TERESTIS of
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596)) and “De Valetudine”, a copy of which
Ortelius bought from Plantin in 1586. He occurs 3 times as a source in
Ortelius’ “Synonymia” (1578). In his “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596) in the lemma
AEGISOLIÆ Ortelius refers to his work “De attenuante victus ratione”. In
“Thesaurus”(1587, 1596) Ortelius also refers to his “De sanitate tuenda”
[keeping in good health] in the lemma AVLON, ALLIANAE, LYCETIS and MYSIA and of
Thesaurus” (1587,1596). Further in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) to “Hippocrates’ De
Morbis vulgaribus” in the lemma BOOTÆ, to his “De alimentorum facultatibus” in
lemma CRASSOPOLIM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), to his “Liber Secretorum” in the
lemma MANCHARA in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) and to his “Antidotus” in lemmas
BRITTVM and TRIPHOLINVS of “Thesaurus” (1587, 1596), to his “De bonitate aquae
in lemmas BRITTVM, NIGRAM and STYX in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596). In lemma TIBII
of “Thesaurus” (1587) and in lemmas TABIÆ and TIBII of “Thesaurus” (1596)
Galenus’ “Methodi medendi” is mentioned as a source. In lemma PERAMVS of
“Thesaurus” (1596) his “Medicorum Principes” is mentioned as a source. In lemma
SANDALARIVM of “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) Ortelius refers to Galenus’ “De libris
propijs” as a source. In lemma THRIASIVS of “Thesaurus” (1596) Ortelius refers
to his “De Curandis animor. morbis” as a source. In lemma THYMÆ of “Thesaurus”
(1596) Galenus quotes Hippocrates. In lemma TRAIANA of “Thesaurus” (1596)
Ortelius refers to his “Therapeutica” as a source. Altogether, Galenus is
mentioned 31 times as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587), 49 times in
“Thesaurus” (1596) and once in “Deorum Dearum” (1573).
Ort183.34, 196.18, 199.22,
199.65, 200.40, 203.30, 219.10, 221.15;
De Medicam Simplic.: Ort216.30,
Bk.6 Ch.4: Ort193.7, Bk.9 Ch.2: Ort149.15;
Methods, Bk.9, Ch.8: Ort229.13.
Galitiæ or Galacia
Concilium (undated) is a religious council in Galicia, Spain held by Leo
Augustus, referred to as a source in lemma MNIZVM of Ortelius’ “Thesaurus”
(1587, 1596) and in lemma PONÆ of “Thesaurus” (1596), where this council is
altogether mentioned 3 times as a source.
Galle, Cornelius
(Antwerp 1576 – Antwerp 1650) was a draughtsman, engraver, publisher and son of
Philip. He contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (1596). Later, this
contribution was removed.
Galle, Ioannes,
(1600-1676), was the son of Theodorus Galle, also engraver and publisher in
Antwerp. He re-engraved the plates of Hungary (Ort150) in 1664, adding his name
twice in two new cartouches, and he also in or after 1641 filled in his own
name as engraver on the Boazio Ireland map (Ort23) and on the Lorraine map
(Ort50).
Galle, Philip (Haarlem
1537 - Antwerp 1612) was an engraver, editor, publisher, historiographer and close
friend of Ortelius. He went to France, including a visit to the elevated stone
in Poitiers in the company of Ortelius, Hogenberg, Sadeleer and Mercator in
Galle, Theodorus
(Antwerp 1571 – Antwerp 1633) was an engraver, publisher and son of Philip. He
contributed to Ortelius’ “Album Amicorum” (1596). Later, this contribution was
removed. Some of Ortelius’ “Theatrum” maps, notably those occurring in a new
state in the 1641 Spanish edition bear
Theodorus’ name.
Gallus, Ælius, late in
first century BC, was praefect of Egypt from 26 - 24 BC. By order of emperor
August he undertook an expedition to Arabia Felix with disastrous results.
After six months Gallus was obliged to return to Alexandria, having lost the
greater part of his force. He was a friend of the geographer Strabo who gives
an account of Gallus’ expedition. (Ort222).
Ort222.29, 232.12.
Gallus, Vincentius see Vincentius of Beauvais.
Galvanus, Antonius,1507 – 1557, was a Portuguese captain and geographer,
and later governor of the Moluccas in the East Indies. He wrote “Tratato que
compós o nobre e notauel capitao Antonio Galvano”, Lisbon, 1563. Ortelius only
knows Galvanus through Maffeius who may have published manuscripts by Galvanus.
Galvanus is mentioned as the author of “On the New World” (Ort165).
On the new world: Ort165.24.
Gama, Vasco da,1469 – 1524, was a Portuguese explorer who first sailed
around Africa and landed in Calicut. He died in Cochin, India.
Ort8.4, 8.15.
Gambara, Laurentius or Lorenzo,flourished late 16th c., was
an Italian author who wrote “Brixiani Rerum sacrarum liber”, a collection of
religious poetry, published by Plantin in 1577. Ortelius bought a copy from
Plantin in 1577 and donated a copy to Dean Goodman via Camden (Hessels 72.5).
Garbitius, Mathias Illyricus, 1511 – 1559, from Würtemberg became
professor of Greek philology in Tübingen, Germany. He edited Hesiodus and Greek
tragedies, e.g. those of Aeschylus. He is mentioned once as a source in
Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596) in the lemma CISTHINE and in “Thesaurus”
(1596) in lemma HYBRISTES.
Garcias ab Horto, 16th century, was a Portuguese writer and
physician to the viceroy of India who wrote about the diamonds of India and
about spices. He published a book about spices in Portuguese in 1557 which was
translated into Latin by Clusius (1563). Ortelius bought a copy of this
“Aromatum Historia” from Plantin in 1574, to which he refers once as a source
in his “Synonymia” (1578) and twice in “Thesaurus” (1587,1596), e.g. in lemma SARMATIA.
Garcias is mentioned in the “Catalogus Auctorum” of Ortelius’ “Synonymia”
(1578) and occurs 7 times in its text. Altogether, he is mentioned 8 times as a
source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587,1596).
Mentioned on map sheet Ort 175
as the author of “History of Spices”. Further in map text Ort175.4.
Gardnerus, Georgius or Georg Gadner, middle 16th century, was
appointed councellor for duke Christoph in Stuttgart (1555), travelled
extensively in Germany and is mentioned in the cartouche on the second, full
page map of Wirtemberg as its maker, Ort113.
Mentioned in the cartouche of
the Wirtemberg map as its maker, Ort113.
Garibayus Stephanus de Mondragone, 16th century, of Spain
published a chronicle of Spain “Los quatrente libros del Compendio historial de
las cronicas y universal historia de todos los Reinos de Espanna” (Ort25,31),
Antwerp 1571, also mentioned as a source in lemma ANAS of “Thesaurus” (1596).
Garibayus is mentioned as a source in Ortelius’ “Thesaurus” (1587) 9 times,
e.g. in the lemma ARACILLVM. His “Epitomes descriptionis Hispaniae” are
mentioned as sources in lemma VARIA of “Thesaurus” (1596), where he is
mentioned as a source 12 times.
Chronicle of Spain : Bk.15,
Ch.9-15 Ort31.12, Bk.20, Ort25.8
Garth, Richard, fl. late 16th century, lived in London and
was diplomat, botanist and friend of Daniel Rogers. He bought a copy of
Ortelius’ Theatrum in 1579 and contributed to his “Album Amicorum” (f.15 v.,
May 1, 1578).
Garzo, Giovanni (1419 - 1493) of Bologna, humanist and teacher, also of
Stella Erasmus, is claimed to be the author of “De rebus Saxoniæ, Thuringiæ,
Libanothiæ, Misniæ et Lusatiæ” but this work was actually written by Stella
Erasmus.
Ort96.7, 96.8.
Garzoni see Garzo.
Gasparus Varrenus see Barreiros, Caspar.
Gastaldi, Iacobo or Giacomo Castaldi,1505 – 1566, from Villafranca, Piemont, Italy, worked in Venice. He designed more than 100 maps and worked with the Venetian publisher Ramusio. Ortelius u