Cartographica Neerlandica Map Text for Ortelius Map No. 223


Text, translated from the 1595 Latin 5th Addit., 1595 Latin, 1597 German 5th Add., 1601 Latin, 1602 German, 1603 Latin, 1606 English, 1608/1612 Italian, 1609/1612 Spanish and Latin, and 1624Latin Parergon/1641Spanish [but with text in Latin] editions:

223.1. {1595L5Add{THE navigation of ÆNEAS, gathered from the renowned poet VERGILIVS, with some other matters pertaining to that history, collected from others.

223.2. Troy being taken and burnt, Æneas went for refuge to {1597G5Add, 1602G, 1606E & 1608/1612I only{mount}1597G5Add, 1602G, 1606E & 1608/1612I only} IDA, {1606E only{a hill in the province of Troas, in Asia Minor, a place very well wooded and served with water}1606E only}. From there, forsaking his native soil, he went to ANTANDRVS, {1606E only{a town in Mysia located on the Ægean sea}1606E only}, (taking with him, as Xenophon says, all his family {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{both from his fathers and mothers side}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G}] with a fleet of twenty ships set out to sea, and finally landed in THRACE, {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{(or as Dionysius Halicarnasseus writes, at PALLENE)}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G}, {1606E only{a promontory and city of the same name, in Macedonia}1606E only}, near to which he built the city of Ænos {1606E only{(Oeno or Inos they still call it)}1606E only}. {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{(Lycophron says that}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G} he came to CISSVS, (Cis), a hill in Almopia), {1606E only{a region of the kingdom of Macedonia}1606E only}. {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{Livius writes that he stayed}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G} near the OLYMPVS].
223.3. From Thrace he came to DELOS {1606E only{(Sdiles), an island in the Ægean sea, belonging to what the ancient geographers call Cyclades}1606E only}. (Here he married Lavinia, the daughter of Anius, a priest belonging to the temple of Apollo, {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{as you may see in a treatise written about the origins of the Roman nation. But let them believe whoever they please)}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G}, {1601L, not in 1602G{for Halicarnasseus condemns him as a very incredible and fable telling author}1601L, not in 1602G}. And from Delos, setting sail, he visited NAXOS {1606E only{(Nicsia)}1606E only}, DONYSA, OLEARVS {1606E only{(Quiniminio)}1606E only} PAROS {1606E only{(Pario)}1606E only} and other islands in the Ægean sea, and after three days arrived in CRETA (Candy) where he built the cities of RHŒTEVM and PERGAMEA.
223.4. Leaving from there to sea again (and, {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{as Dionysius Halicarnasseus writes}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G}, having visited CYTHERA {1606E only{(Cerigo), an island in the Mediterranean sea}1606E only}, where he built a temple dedicated to the honour of the goddess Venus. Then to CYNETHIVM, a promontory of the Peloponnesos, and there he founded, {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{as Pausanias and Halicarnasseus have recorded}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G}, the cities of APHRODISIADES and OETIA) and {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{after four days}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G} landed at the STROPHADES {1606E & 1608/1612I only{(Strivali), two}1608/1612I only} islands in the Ionian sea}1606E only}. From these, he went on to ZACYNTHVS (Zante), (where he once more dedicated, {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{as Halicarnassus writes}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G}, a chapel to Venus).
223.5. Then, passing by DVLICHIVM, SAMOS, NERITVS and ITHACA, came to LEVCATE. From there to ACTIVM {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{near the temple of Apollo}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G}, and then leaving CORCYRA {1606E & 1608/1612I only{(Corfu)}1606E & 1608/1612I only}, coasting along via CHAONIA, {1601L{a province of Epyrus}1601L} (and AMBRACIA, {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{as the same author states)}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G} he came finally to BVTHROTVM {1606E only{(Golfo de Buthroto)}1606E only}. From there on foot over land {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{for two days}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G}, he went and visited DODONA, {1606E only{a city in Epyrus,}1606E only} {not in 1608/1612I{and the CERAVNIAN mountains}not in 1608/1612I}, and {1606E only{on the third day}1606E only} came to Anchises port, {1606E{ANCHISÆ PORTVS}1606E}, where he met his ships and crossed the Ionian {1606E has instead{Adriatic}1606E} sea to ITALY. {1597G5Add & later{[his companions landed and this side of the peninsula IAPYGIVM {1606E only{(Cabo de St. Maria)}1606E only} whereas he himself together with a few others, {1601L, not in 1602G{as the same Halycarnasseus reports,}1601L, not in 1602G} landed at {1597G5Add, 1602G & later{the foreland of ATHENEVM}1597G5Add, 1602G & later} {1606E only(Rossia or Cabo de Campanella)}1606E only}, so named after the temple of Minerva, {1606E only{called Athene, which lies in this place}1606E only}.
223.6. From there he passed by sea to TARENTVM {1606E only{(Taranto)}1606E only}, LACINIVM {1606E only{(Cabo delle Colonne)}1606E only}, CAVLON {1606E only{(Castro veto or vetore)}1606E only} and SCYLACEVM. Next they sailed via {1597G5Add & 1602G only{the two dangerous cliffs}1597G5Add & 1602G only} SCYLLA {1606E only{(Scyllo)}1606E only} and CHARYBDIS {1606E only{(Galofaco)}1606E only}, via the CYCLOPES {1606E only{(giants, or a certain kind of}1606E only} people [living] near mount Ætna {1606E only{in Sicilia, [creatures] of extraordinary stature and strength, reported by the poets to have but one eye, and that in the middle of their forehead)}1606E only}, the mouth of the river PANTAGIAS {1606E only{(Porcari)}1606E only}, by the bay of MEGARA, {1606E only{a sea town sometimes called Hybla}1606E only} by THAPSVS, {1606E only{a neckland or peninsula now known by the name of Manghisi, by the foreland}1606E only} PLEMMYRIVM {1606E only{(Cabo Massa Ulivieri)}1606E only}, by ORTYGIA, by the river ELORVS {1606E only{(Abyso or Atellari)}1606E only}, by the promontory PACHYNVS {1606E only{(Cabo Passaro)}1606E only}, by the city of CAMARINA, by the CAMPI GELOI, by the river GELA {1606E only{(Cherza or Salsi)}1606E only}, by AGRAGANS {1606E only{(Draco)}1606E only}, by the city of SELINVS {1606E only{(Salemo or Terra de Pulici)}1606E only}, then by the promontory of LILYBŒVM {1606E only{(Cabo Boei or Cabo Coco)}1606E only}, and so finally to {1606E only{the foreland of}1606E only} DREPANVM {1606E & 1608/1612I only{(Trapani)}1606E & 1608/1612I only}.
223.7. From there leaving the straight course, he takes a circle around those dangerous rocks which our author calls {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{SAXA or}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G} ARÆ, directing his course towards CARTHAGO {1606E only{in Africa}1606E only}, where he stayed for a while with {1597G5Add, 1602G & 1606E only{Queen}1597G5Add, 1602G & 1606E only} Dido, {1606E only{who entertained him and his [people] most kindly and in the best manner}1606E only}. [Then] he {1606E only{hoists the sails and}1606E only} returns to SICILIA again, {1606E only{landing here with his men}1606E only} {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{at the river CRIMISVS, as Halicarnasseus writes}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G} after various games, jests or triumphs. He ordained that those days every year forever after should be solemnly kept as holy, {1606E only{in honour of Achilles}1606E only}, {1597G5Add, 1602G & later{for his father }1597G5Add, 1602G & later} {1601L{Anchisæ}1601L}, and moreover he also built the city of ACESTA or Egesta (and ELIMA {1606E only{(Alymite or Palymite)}1606E only} {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{if we may believe Halicarnasseus]}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G}.
223.8. Also, he founded the TEMPLE of Venus Idalia, on the top of mount Eryx or Erucis {1606E only{(monte St. Iuliano)}1606E only}. {1601L, not in 1602G{Yet, Pausanias in his Arcadia gives a different account of Anchises where he writes that on mount Anchisæ in Arcadia he was buried}1601L, not in 1602G}. Taking from here to sea again, he comes to SIRENVM SCOPVLI, {1597G5Add, 1602G & later{some dangerous rocks}1597G5Add, 1602G & later} {1606E only{on the coast of Italy, in the bay of Cumæ}1606E only}. And casting his anchor at PALINVRVS {1606E only{(Paliuro or Cabo Palemaro)}1606E only} (at LEVCASIA {1606E only{(Licoso)}1606E only} {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{as Halicarnasseus says}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G}, or INARIME {1606E only{(Ischia)}1606E only} and PROCHYTA {1606E only{(Prosida)}1606E only} {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{as Ovidius states)}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G} and then again at CVMÆ, where, {1597G5Add, 1602G & 1606E only{going on land}1597G5Add, 1602G & 1606E only}, he goes to Sibyllas cave, ANTRVM SIBYLLÆ, and to lake AVERNVS {1606E only{(Lago di Tripergola)}1606E only}, from there to the high mountain of MISENVS {1606E only{(Miseno)}1606E only}, [and then] to CAIETA, {1606E only{King}1606E only} Lamus city, {1606E only{nowadays called Gaietta,}1606E only} and finally to the river TIBER, where, with seven of his twenty ships remaining, he enters, lands his men and goods, {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{and thus ends his seven years long and dangerous voyage, which we have thus described, {1606E only{partly}1606E only}, {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{as you see, based on Vergilius, Ovidius and Lycophron, famous poets, and {1606E only{partly}1606E only} on Livius, Halicarnasseus, Pausanias and Xenophon, {1606E only{worthy, renowned}1606E only} historians}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G}.
223.9. But here I cannot omit what I have read in {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{Phocica by}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G} Pausanias, namely that certain of Æneas companions, severed and driven away from his company and the remaining ships {1597G5Add & 1602G only{by storm}1597G5Add & 1602G only}, settled on the isle of SARDINIA. Also, it is worth observing, as Halicarnasseus and Livius jointly confirm, that Æneas did not stay at the river Tiber, but at LAVRENTVM {1606E only{(St. Laurentij)}1606E only} {1601L{and landed with no more than six hundred men, as Solinus reports}1601L}, which indeed seems somewhat more probable because both in ancient histories and in modern experience, we find that the Tiber, {1606E only{the river which runs through Rome}1606E only}, is not capable of [harbouring] a fleet or navy of any size.
223.10. Therefore it is likely that the poet {1597G5Add & 1602G only{Vergilius, as clearly stated by Macrobius}1597G5Add & 1602G only} feigned this out of his head, {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{or else said it in love and appreciation of this river. {1601L, not in 1602G{Neither was it a voyage of seven years, but of two at the most, as Halicarnasseus plainly states. Solinus in Cassius Hemina says the same. There are some, such as Strabo, in the thirteenth book of his geography, who think that the entire voyage is a fictitious tale of the poets, and that Æneas remained in Troy, and succeeded in the kingdom after his father, as likewise his children's children did after him for many generations. Homerus seems to be of this opinion [too].
223.11. Xenophon in his book on hunting tells this tale in a different way, where he writes that Æneas, courageously defending his father and carefully preserving the gods of his father and mother earned himself a great reputation and credit amongst all sorts of men for his piety and religion, so much, that even his very enemies themselves granted only to him, above all others that they had taken captive in their surprise attack on Troy, that in the sacking of it no man should spoil or lay his hands on anything that was his}1601L}. {not in 1597G5Add & 1602G{Moreover, [the fact] that his voyage to Carthago is not mentioned by any qualified historian, but invented by the poet, becomes clear from Macrobius}not in 1597G5Add & 1602G}.
223.12. The same for Appianus, a writer of good reputation, who much discredits the story of his meeting and communication with Queen Dido, as he writes that CARTHAGE was built {1606E only{by the same Dido}1606E only} fifty years before the destruction of Troy. Again, the serious historiographer Trogus, in his eighteenth book tells about the life and death of this Dido or Eliza in a very different way. But the poet, so it seems, had as his purpose to disgrace this city and to create a strong impression of the fatal hatred which Carthago always bore towards the Romans}1597G5Add & 1602G end here}, like long before Homerus through the person of Helena had shown how much the Greeks in their heart bore a grudge against the Troians.
223.13. For which reason it is not unfit, I think, to present here this epigram by Ausonius which he wrote on the portrait of Queen Dido:
Illa ego sum Dido vultu, quam conspicis hospes,
Aßimilata modis, pulchraque mirificis.
Talis eram, sed non, Maro quam mihi fixit, erat mens:
Vita nec incestis læta cupidinibus.
Namque nec Æneas vidit me Troius vmquam:
Nec Libyam aduenit claßibus Iliacis.
Sed furias fugiens, atque arma procacis Iarbæ,
Seruaui, fateor, morte pudicitiam,
Pectore transfixo: castos quod pertulit enses.
[second column:]
Non furor, aut læso crudus amore dolor,
Sic cecidisse iuuat. vixi sine vulnere famæ.
Vlta virum, positis mœnibus, oppetij.
Inuida cur in me stimulasti Musa Maronem,
Fingeret vt nostræ damna pudicitæque.
Vos magis historicis, lectores, credite de me,
[second column in 1624LParergon/1641S]
Quàm qui furta Deum, concubitusque canunt.
Falsidici vates: temerant qui carmine verum:
Humanisque Deos assimilant vitijs.
[I am the well known Dido, whose features are now beheld by you, guest, admirably depicted, and splendid to behold. This is what I looked like, but my mind is different, created as it was by Maro [Vergilius], nor was my life full of indecent longing. For I was never seen by Troian Æneas, nor did he reach Libya with his Troian ships. But fleeing from the pangs of love, as well as from the weapons of shameless Iarba [African king, suitor of Dido, competitor of Æneas]. I preserved my chastity, I confess, by death, after my heart had been pierced, which suffered clean swords. Not my longing for love, nor the cruel pain caused by damaged love, have pleased me by their bringing me to death. I have lived without being maimed by rumors. I have taken revenge on the man, after having forsaken my tasks, and I went under. Why, you jealous Muse, did you incite Maro against me, so that he invented the failure of my chastity? Readers, believe what the historians write about me. How to praise the secret love and intercourse of the Gods? Mendacious poets, you violate the truth in your songs by equating the Gods with human depravity].
23.14. Which Priscianus, or whoever it was, that was the author of that ancient translation of Dionysius Afer, where I mention Carthago {1606E only{with the same meaning, but in far fewer words, says in these two verses}1606E only}:
Atque pudicitiam non perdit carmine falso,
Quæ regnans felix Dido per secula viuit. {1606E & 1608/1612I only{This fabricated tale, first forged in the faithless poets brain, It never may, I think, the honest fame now stain, Wherein thou, Dido, long did live amongst your own, And still as very wise throughout the world is known}1606E & 1608/1612I only; 1606E ends here}.

(Now follow two rows showing each side of seven coins which are displayed here in the 1595L5Add, 1595L, 1601L, 1603L, 1608/1612I, 1609/1612S/L and 1624LParergon/1641S edition only; the first is a small silver coin showing a wolf under a tree with the inscription FOSTVLVS SEX.PO, the other side shows a soldier's head and has no inscription; the second coin, large, in copper shows and eagle surrounded by three symbols and the inscription ROMA; the other side has a wolf with two children below her sucking her tits, viz. Romulus and Remus; the third coin, large, in copper shows an emperor's head with the inscription IMP CAES.NERVAE.TRAIANO GER.DAC.P.M.TR COS.VIII; the other side shows a haloed figure helping someone to rise from the floor, with the inscription S.P.Q.R. OPTIMO.PRINCIPI S C; the fourth coin is a small and made of silver, one side showing a figure on a cart drawn by a horse surrounded by two flying birds, no inscription; the other side shows a soldier's helmeted head with the inscription ROMA underneath; the fifth coin, large, in copper, shows an emperor's head with the inscription ANTONINVS.AVGVSTVS PIVS.P.PTR.P.COS.III; the other side shows a wolf feeding her milk to Romulus and Remus and the inscription S C.; the sixth coin is a large copper one, showing on one side an emperor's head with the inscription ANTONINVS AVG.PIVS.P.P; the other side has the text TR. POT COS.III S C and shows a warrior with a shield and spear and a prostrate woman looking at him; the seventh coin is a small silver one; side one displays a man's head without any inscription; the other side shows a warrior carrying one or two children, and has the inscription CAESAR; after these woodcuts of coins, two further lines of text:)

{1595L5Add, 1595L, 1601L, 1603L, 1608/1612I[in Latin] & 1609/1612S/L only; in 1624LParergon/1641S above the coins{Here you see from old valuable coins of historical Roman origin those referring to the history of Æneas' sea travels, a small collection}1595LAdd5 & 1595L end here}, submitted in the hope to please those who study ancient matters}1601L, 1603L, 1608/1612I, 1609/1612S/L & 1624LParergon/1641S only, which all end here}.

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