Text (translated from the 1573 Dutch 1st Add/1573 Dutch, 1573Latin 1st Add, 1573 Latin, 1573 German 1st Add/1573 German, 1574 French 1st Add/1574 French, 1574 Latin, 1575 Latin, 1579 Latin, 1580/1589G, 1581 French, 1584 Latin, 1587 French, 1588 French, 1592 Latin, 1595 Latin, 1598 French, 1601 Latin, 1602 German, 1602 Spanish, 1603 Latin, 1606 English, 1608/1612 Italian, 1609/1612/1641 Spanish and 1609/1612 Latin edition)
143.1. {1573D1Add{The Dukedom of CARINTHIA, {1606E{or KARNTEN}1606E}, and the County Palatine of GORZ.
143.2. This Dukedom of Karnten {not in 1573G{(which according to Rithmeier should rather be spelled as Carnithia)}not in 1573G} has on its East and North Steyrmarck, [and] on its West and South the Alps and Friuli. Carniola is part of this province. In this country there are many valleys and hills [which are] very good wheat grounds [and] many Lakes and Rivers, among which the main one is the Drauus {1606E only{or, as they now call it, the Dra}1606E only}.
143.3. The more famous cities of this area are St. Veit, Villach and Clagenfurt. St. Veit, the Metropolitan city, is a city of importance, having a very large market place where you find an excellent pipe for running water, which we saw being built in 1558. The diameter or width of this cistern we measured to be more than about seven feet. This cistern was made of one big stone of white marble, and was worth seeing there {1574F1Add/1574F, 1581F, 1602G, 1608/1612I & 1609/1612/1641S have instead{which had been taken out of the earth}1574F1Add/1574F, 1581F, 1602G, 1608/1612I & 1609/1612/1641S instead} among other monuments of antiquity. As you leave the city towards Clagenfurt, there is a wide plain that offers itself to your view, covered with many ruins of ancient buildings, commonly called Solfeldt. Paracelsus in his Chronicle of this country (if it is indeed his writing) calls it Liburnia, I do not know on what grounds.
143.4. I prefer to think that it was Soluense oppidum, the city of Solve, which Plinus calls Carnis, and as having been here a long time ago. This is the place where the princes used to be crowned in the open air, a strange and unusual kind of ceremony, described in detail by Pius the second in his Europa. Villach, {not in 1573G{a town full of houses with gorgeously painted gables, {1573L1Add instead{adorned with historical [inscriptions] and a variety of colours}1573L1Add instead}, presents a beautiful and excellent spectacle to its beholders}not in 1573G}.
143.5. It is located on the Dra in a plain enclosed by very high steep rocks, with a great stone bridge crossing the river. [Then there is] Clagenfurt, a strong city, anciently called Claudia, as Lazius says. There are some who write that the citizens of this city are so outrageous about thieves that upon the least suspicion of theft, a man will be hanged without examination, and then the third day after he has been hanged, they sit on trial [against him].
143.6. If it turns out that they find him to have been executed unjustly, they bury him very honourably, but if justly, they let him hang for some more time. But Rithmeier says that this is merely a fable. Moreover [there is] Frisach, a very ancient town, [and] St. Leonhardis, Wolfsperg &c. are towns of this country too. In former times the Iapydes were supposed to have lived in this area. The sovereignty and jurisdiction of this country belong to the Dukes of Austria, but as regards Ecclesiastical jurisdiction it partly belongs to the Bishop of Salczburg and partly to the Patriarch of Aquileia, as Paracelsus says in his Chronicle just referred to.
143.7. {1573L1Add, 1573L, not in 1574F1Add/1574F, 1581F, 1587F & 1598F{But in the same place he has the most ridiculous etymology for the name of this province, which he pretends to have been derived from the Romans, namely that it should be named Carinthia after the expression Caritas intima, [that is:] intimate love and affection, as if the first inhabitants who settled here would have desired to have their country be called by a name fetched from a foreign nation and [in a] strange language they could not understand.
143.8. [If] the Reader [is] not satisfied with what has been written down by us here, let him have recourse to Sebastian Münster, Sabellicus, Pius II &c}1573L1Add & 1573L, not in 1587F}. {1595L but not in 1602G{I understand that a certain Ioannes Salvianus has also surveyed this country, [but] I have not yet seen his description}1595L, not in 1574F1Add/1574F, 1581F, 1598F & 1602G}.
143.9. Goritię Palatinus, {1606E only{The county palatine of Gorcz,}1606E only} which belongs to the Duke of Austria, is so named after Goercz, the chief city of this country, called Goricia by the Italians (for it lies in Italy beyond the Alps) [or] after Ptolemęus Iulium Carnicum, as Leander thinks. Amasęus, as the same Leander says, concludes from the various antiquities one can still find here that Noreia was once located here. {not in 1608/1612I{It is a town situated at the mouth of the river Wipach {not in 1602S & 1609/1612/1641S{(formerly called Fluvius frigidus [=cold river])}not in 1602S & 1609/1612/1641S}, I mean, where the Wipach empties into the river Natiso}not in 1608/1612I}. {1608/1612I only{Vi č la fortezza di Gradisca, fabricata dalli Venetiani contro ą discorrimenti Turcheschi, picciola si, ma di muragli, & fianchi, & di sito inespugnabile, & hora sta in potere dell'Arciduca Ferdinando d'Austria, situata sul fiume Lisonzo, la doue con esso lui so coniuge il fiume nomato freddo da Latini, & hora Vipao, ouero Wipach, quindi sotto l'Alpi non da lunge nascente, fuor d'alquante fontane, oltre ad ogni credenza la state freddissime, doue anco č vna grossa villa del nome stesso, per cui passa il camino grande della carra per Lubcana, & per Trieste, & per Crouatia, gia tenuto da Turchi nel discorrer in Italia. Filippo Pigafetta in gratia de lettori dice che. Il Vipach fiume non mette nel Natisone, ma nel Lisonzo, & non ą Goritia, anzi otto miglia di sotto, rimpetto alla detta fortezza di Gradisca, si come ha il luogo adempiuto & supplito}1608/1612I only}.
143.10. HISTRIA {1606E only{or ISTEREICH}1606E only}.
143.11. It is generally known (as Plinius says in his Natural History) that every man best and most accurately describes that country in which he was born and brought up. And a few lines earlier the same author says this: I will follow no man altogether, but only as far as I find him to speak in the most probable manner and according to the truth. And therefore, here in this place (which I do almost everywhere in these discussions of my Maps) I have decided that from all those who have described this province, to offer to the view of the Reader a great description reflecting the features of this place by Ludouicus Vergerius, a native of this country.
143.12. This man says in the Cosmography of Münster that this Neckland or Peninsula, from the inner bay where you find Triest now lying on the shore to St. Veit, a town situated in Fanatico on the river Fiume, extends for a length of more than 200 miles. The whole country, he says, is not very level or flat, yet its mountains are neither very high, nor steep or barren, but plentifully furnished with vines, olives and other fruit trees, corn, pastures and cattle. Only in that part which bends {1581F, 1598F, 1606E & 1608/1612I only{towards the bay Golfo di Quernero}1581F, 1598F, 1606E & 1608/1612I only}, once called Fanatico it has a very high mountain which they commonly call Monte maior.
143.13. This is the first [landmark] to present itself to the eyes of the seamen who come sailing to this place. On its top there is a very excellent spring of fresh water. {1573G only{From this abundant spring it waters all the land lying below this mountain}1573G only}. It yields many rare herbs and plants of singular virtues, which attract Physicians from far away to come here {not in 1573L1Add, 1573L, 1574F1Add/1574F, 1580/1589G, 1581F, 1588S, 1592L, 1595L, 1601L, 1602G, 1603L, 1609/1612/1641S & 1609/1612L{at the right time of the year}not in 1573L1Add, 1573L, 1574F1Add/1574F, 1580/1589G, 1581F, 1588S, 1592L, 1595L, 1601L, 1602G, 1603L, 1609/1612/1641S & 1609/1612L}, to climb it with great exertions and dangers.
143.14. Histria has three rivers, the Formio {1608/1612I only{or Risano}1608/1612I only}, Nauportus {1608/1612I only{or Dragogna with Quieto, a splendid and secure harbour}1608/1612I only} and Arsia. The first is by the people of the country called Risano, the second Quieto and the last, {not in 1574F1Add/1574F, 1588S, 1602G & 1609/1612/1641S{Arsa, which}not in 1574F1Add/1574F, 1588S, 1602G & 1609/1612/1641S} empties into the bay {1606E only{Quernero or}1606E only} Fanatico, and it is now the utmost border with Italy. The cities of Histria are Mugla, Iustinopolis, Isola, {1573D, 1573L1Add, 1573L, 1573G, 1574F1Add/1574F, 1579L, 1580/1589G, 1581F, 1584L, 1587F, 1588S, 1592L, 1595L, 1598F, 1601L, 1602G, 1602S, 1603L, 1608/1612I, 1609/1612/1641S & 1609/1612L only{Pitano}1573D, 1573L1Add, 1573L, 1573G, 1574F1Add/1574F, 1579L, 1580/1589G, 1581F, 1584L, 1587F, 1588S, 1592L, 1595L, 1598F, 1601L, 1602G, 1602S, 1603L, 1608/1612I, 1609/1612/1641S & 1609/1612L only} {1606E only(or} Pitan, as I think it is named on this Map)}1606E only}, Humago, Hemonia, Parenzo, Osara, Rubino, Pola, St. Veit, all of them harbour cities.
143.15. [Then] to the South Pinguento, Montona, Portulę, Grisignana, Bullę, St. Lorenzo, Doi castelli, St. Vincenzo, Val Adignano, Pomerano, Albona, Flanonę, Petina, Galigagna, Coslaco and Pisino are places inland. The most famous city of this whole country is Iustinopolis {not in 1573L1Add, 1573L, 1573G, 1580/1589G & 1602G{which they commonly call Capo d'Istria}not in 1573L1Add, 1573L, 1580/1589G & 1602G}, {1573L1Add, 1573L, 1574F1Add/1574F, 1580/1589G, 1581F, 1584L, 1592L, 1595L, 1598F, 1602G & 1606E only{the head of Histria}1573L1Add, 1573L, 1574F1Add/1574F, 1580/1589G, 1581F, 1584L, 1592L, 1595L, 1598F, 1602G & 1606E only}. Plinius calls it Ęgidię}not in 1573G}. It is located on a rock in the sea, far distant from the main land, to which it is joined by a long bridge.
143.16. This city, as many others, is subject to the Venetians, the rest are under the government of the Duke of Austria &c. {1573L1Add & 1573L, not in 1574F1Add/1574F, 1581F & 1598F{Next to the ancient Geographers read also Leander, Volaterranus and Dominicus Niger}1573L1Add & 1573L, not in 1574F1Add/1574F, 1581F & 1598F}. {1595L, 1601L, 1602S, 1603L, 1606E, 1608/1612I, 1609/1612/1641S & 1609/1612L only{Cassiodore in his twelfth book of Variar. has [also] much about this province}1595L, 1601L, 1602S, 1603L, 1606E, 1608/1612I, 1609/1612/1641S & 1609/1612L only}.
143.17. ZARA and SEBENICO.
143.18. We think that ZARA was once called Iadera, [but] others assert that this territory was anciently called Liburnia. SEBENICO is what the old writers called Sicum. Both are harbour cities located on the Hadriatic sea, [and are] under the jurisdiction of the Venetians. In that place on our map where you see certain ruins of old, decayed buildings, Dominicus Niger says the city of Essena once stood, now level with the ground, and the place is now called Beriber, where [tablets with] Epigrams in Latin and Greek and many other monuments of antiquity are yet to be seen.
143.19. The author of this map, whose name we do not know, calls it Bergane}1573D1Add, 1574F1Add/1574F, 1581F, 1587F & 1598F end here}. {1573L{About this part of Illyria read the same Dominicus Niger's sixth book of Geography}1573L1Add, 1573L & 1602G end here}. {1595L{I add what I read in Mr. S. Cornelius Scepper, once Ambassador of Ferdinand, the Emperor of Rome, has the following words in his Journal to Soliman, the great Turk: At Zara we saw the church of St. Ioannis de Malvasia, so named because the sailors of a small vessel with a cargo of Wine, being in foul weather and in danger of shipwreck, that if they would land safely, vowed that they would build a church of which the mortar would be mixed with this wine, which they did accordingly}1595L} © Marcel van den Broecke ©.