Text, translated from the 1572/1573 German, 1573 Dutch first Additamentum, 1573 Latin 1st Additamentum, 1573 Latin, 1574 Latin, 1575 Latin, 1579 Latin, 1580/1589 German, 1581 French, 1584 Latin, 1587 French, 1588 Spanish, 1592 Latin, 1595 Latin, 1598 Dutch, 1598 French, 1601 Latin, 1602 German, 1602 Spanish, 1603 Latin, 1606 English, 1608/1612 Italian, 1609/1612/1641 Spanish and the 1609/1612 Latin edition). Since the 1573D1Add/1573D, 1573G, 1581F, 1587F and 1598F edition are rather different from the rest, their translation will be given first, separately.
110.1. {1573D1Add/1573D{Beyerlandt.
110.2. Except wine, this Country has everything needed for human needs, which is a result of its location, for it lies close to the big mountain range separating Germany from Italy. Close to this mountain range, it is full of mines with silver, copper, iron and salt. It is also wooded, and therefore has so many boars or swine that it feeds a large part of Germany with them. It has many beautiful Rivers, issuing from these mountains, which all empty into the Donavv (which traverses this country) and as a result many Lakes, with much fish. Between these waters there are many wide fields with much Corn, particularly around Regensburg and Passavv. But since the cold wind from the North blows against this high mountain range, and from there repelled blows in this land for the second time (so to speak), it is unfit for producing wine.
110.3. But they obtain enough of it from surrounding Countries in exchange for those things of which in their own produce they have a surplus. There is no Country in Germany that has more well built Cities (for as Philippus Apianus says on the Map he made of this area), it has 34 Cities, 46 Towns or Liberties, 72 Monasteries without [counting] all Villages, Castles and Mansions. Among these Cities München is the main one, where Dukes keep their Court. You can always see Lions here, who also get cubs. This seems to be the most beautiful City of all of Germany. Then the Bishoprics of Regenspurg, Frisingen and Aichstat. Further Saltzburg, Passaw, Landshut, Hoochstet &c.
110.4. In the North this Duchy borders on Franckelandt and Bohemia, in the South on the Alp mountains, in the East on Austria and in the West on Swauen-landt. In the middle it is divided by the River Donavv. This Country was first converted to Christianity by St. Lucius (born in England from Royal descent) and later by St. Rupertus, who founded the Bishopric in Saltzburg, further strengthened in this faith}1573D1Add/1573D}.
Now follows the standard text translated from the 1573L1Add., 1573L, 1574L, 1575L, 1579L, 1580/1589G, 1584L, 1588S, 1592L, 1595L, 1601L, 1602G, 1602S, 1603L, 1606E, 1608/1612I, 1609/1612/1641S & 1609/1612L editions.
110.5. {1573L1Add{BAVARIA.
110.6. Bayern or Baviere, called Boiara {1606E only{by the Romans}1606E only}, or, as others prefer, Bauaria, was in former times inhabited by the Narisci, {1573L1Add, 1573L, 1579L and later{Vindelici and Norici. The Nariskes,}1573L1Add, 1573L, 1579L and later} who are now called Nardge, are separated {1573L1Add, 1573L, 1580/1589G, 1588S, 1592L, 1595L and later{from the other two}1573L1Add, 1573L, 1580/1589G, 1588S, 1592L, 1595L and later} by the river Donaw. The Noricks entered [this country] at the river Inn, and turned to the East and the South {1606E instead{West,}1606E instead} all the way to Hungary and Italy. The Vindelicks lived between the rivers Lech, Donaw, Iser, Inn and the Alps, which Ptolemæus calls Penninæ. All this part is now under the rule of the Dukes of Bayern, and is contained under the name of Bayern. Bayern is divided into Higher and Lower [Bayern]. THE HIGHER is situated near the Alps and towards the South.
110.7. This [area] is covered with many marshes, huge lakes, swift streams [and] dark and fearful woods. Next to bears, boars and [other] such wild beasts, it has many herds of hundreds of stags, which no man may hunt without the permission of the Prince, or [there will be] a severe penalty. It has a good soil for pastures for feeding the cattle. Yearly it yields plenty of Apples, Barley, Oats and such corn, although not of all sorts, {1580/1589G, 1602G & 1608/1612I only{but only what can ripen in three months}1580/1589G, 1602G & 1608/1612I only}. It is only sparsely inhabited. The cities of this country are München on the banks of the river Isar, a most excellent and famous city, where the Duke lives. {not in 1598D & 1608/1612I{This city continually feeds its Lions}not in 1598D & 1608/1612I}.
110.8. Many people think that it surpasses all the cities of Germany in beauty. [Then] Ingolstadt, adorned with a public University. Besides these, there are Freising, a Bishops see, Wasserburg, Neuburg, Rosenheim, Auensburg &c. LOWER BAYERN is more fertile, and more densely inhabited. {1573L1Add, 1573L, 1580/1589G and later{And close to the rivers Donaw, Isara and Lavar it grows Vines}1573L1Add, 1573L, 1580/1589G and later}. Its cities are Regensburg {not in 1598D{which some call Ratisbone, formerly called Augusta Tiberia}not in 1598D}, situated on the Donaw, whose suburbs on the opposite bank of the river are joined to it by a fair stone bridge. [Then] Patavium, commonly called Passavv at the mouth of the river Inn where it empties into the [river] Donaw, famous for its Bishops see, [then] Straubing, Landshut, Dingelfing, Osterhoff and various others.
110.9. This country is generally fairly fertile. As regards Salt, Corn, Cattle, Fish, Woods, Birds, Pastures, Deer and all such things necessarily required for man's maintenance, either for apparel or food, it is sufficiently provided. It breeds many swine, which are fed and fattened with acorns and wild apples in such amounts that they are exported to most countries of Europe, {not in 1580/1589G{as happens in Hungary}not in 1580/1589G} with oxen. Salt, Cattle and Corn are exported from here, and sold to foreign countries. Wines are conveyed to this area from other places, such as from {not in 1608/1612I{Italy}not in 1608/1612I}, Istria, Rhætia, {1608/1612I only{Friuli, the land of the Grigioni}1608/1612I only}{not in 1598D{the Rhine, Neckar}not in 1598D} and Pannonia.
110.10. But no province of Germany is beautified with more and finer cities. For within its borders, {not in 1608/1612I{(as Philip Apianus writes on his Map of Bayern}not in 1608/1612I) it contains thirty-four cities, forty-six towns, (Mercktflecken they call them,) seventy-two {1598D has instead{75}1598D} monasteries, besides an innumerable number of villages, castles and noblemen's houses. In it, Salczburg is the main city in this area, and the Archbishopric, which commands many Suffragans, as [for instance] of Trent, Passaw, Wien &c. The people prefer farming and grazing to warfare, nor do they delight in merchandise and trade. They are much given to drinking and pleasures {1580/1589G, 1588S, 1592L, 1595L, 1601L, 1602G, 1602S, 1608/1612I & 1609/1612/1641S have instead{making children}1580/1589G, 1588S, 1592L, 1595L, 1601L, 1602G, 1602S, 1608/1612I & 1609/1612/1641S}. They seldom travel outside their own country.
110.11. The first founder of this nation was Alemannus Hercules, the eleventh King of High Germany. His name is in this country still preserved in the village and castle of Almonstain and the river Aleman. In former times this country was ruled by its proper King {not in 1580/1589G & 1598D{until the days of Arnulphus the Emperor}not in 1580/1589G & 1598D}. They call him Cacan, {not in 1598D{as the Parthians [call their first writer] Arcases, [and] the Egyptians [call theirs] Ptolemæus}not in 1598D}. After that, it had Dukes, which is still the case today. {not in 1598D{Marcus, a certain disciple of St. Paul converted this Province to the Christian religion, and he was the first Bishop of Laureacke {1580/1589G & 1602G only{or Lörch}1580/1589G & 1602G only}, which Bishopric was later transferred to Passaw. So much from Auentinus, Münster and Ioannes Aubanus of Bohemia}1573L1Add, not in 1598D} © Marcel van den Broecke ©.